KR20070031295A - A reinforced soil retaining wall system and method of construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a reinforced earth retaining wall system in which a plurality of blocks are laminated in layers to form a wall. A plurality of strip reinforcements are provided as reinforcement members inserted into or extending from the block, and the strip reinforcements are embedded in the back fill material as the respective block layers are stacked or after the walls are formed. In addition, a plurality of second stiffener sections spaced apart from the plurality of first stiffener sections and extending perpendicular to the wall are formed.

Reinforced soil retaining wall, band reinforcement, first reinforcement section, second reinforcement section

Description

A reinforced soil retaining wall system and method of construction

The present invention relates to a reinforcement earth retaining wall system and a construction method of the reinforcement earth retaining wall. The present invention also relates to a block used for constructing a reinforced soil retaining wall and a band-shaped reinforcement used for constructing a reinforced soil retaining wall.

This application claims Australian Provisional Patent Application No. 2004901725, Australian Patent Application No. 2004901789, filed April 5, 2004, and Australian Patent Application No. 2004901, filed December 15, 2004. Application No. 20004907121, filed February 23, 2005, claims priority from Australian patent application No. 2004900832.

Retaining walls are defined as walls that suppress material on one side of the wall to maintain elevation differences. The surrounding slopes, roads, buildings, and stepped walls all represent potential loads on the retaining wall. Retaining walls are mainly divided into three types: gravity type, cantilever type and reinforced earth retaining wall. A "gravity retaining wall" is a form of reinforcement-free retaining wall that withstands the load of soil confined by the weight of the blocks themselves. In the case of gravity retaining walls, each block consists of concrete or stone blocks, which adds to the construction cost. Gravity retaining walls rely on the weight of the structure to withstand earth pressure. Excavation of soil behind a retaining wall does not affect the structural strength of the retaining wall. Cantilevered retaining walls typically have a structure of board piles laid in the soil and derive their bearing capacity from the resistance to rotation of the board piles under the supported soil. The cantilever retaining wall has a horizontal base section buried underneath the backfill, and the backfill soil has a stem section extending vertically and permanently connected to the base to form a wall. Cantilevered retaining walls rely on the weight of the backfill at the base to prevent the wall from tipping.

The term "reinforced soil retaining wall" refers to a retaining wall having a horizontal reinforcement buried beneath the soil that will be substantially supported by the wall. Reinforcement earth retaining wall is a kind of retaining material in the form of steel mesh (steel mesh) in the supporting soil. Steel mesh sets up concrete slabs, steel piles or rock filled wire baskets that act as wall surfaces of the retaining walls, which form a front surface of a wall, usually having a vertical or inclined shape. The wall surface prevents soil from flowing out between the layers of reinforcement. Using the methods of the background art, the soil reinforcement is added to all or most of the layers of blocks and requires some form of support to prevent the wall surface from moving while the soil is compacted around the reinforcement.

The present invention has been developed to overcome at least some of the above mentioned problems.

Although numerous backgrounds and / or publications are mentioned here, this reference does not constitute an acceptance that any of these methods or publications form part of the general knowledge common to this technology in Australia or in other countries. Self-explanatory In the following summary of the invention, the description of the invention, and in the claims, it is intended that the word “comprise” or “comprises” including “comprises”, “comprises”, “comprising”, “comprises”, “comprises”, “comprises”, “comprises”, “comprises”, “comprises”, “comprises”, “comprises”, “comprises”, “comprises”, “comprises”, “comprises”, “comprises,” It will be used in the sense, that is to say that the stated features are clearly described, but not used to exclude the points added to the features appearing in various embodiments of the invention.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a reinforced earth retaining wall system includes a plurality of blocks having a retained side and a dredge side, the plurality of blocks having a layered layer formed from a base layer to form a wall. Each block of the block is provided with a front surface facing the dredging side of the wall, and a rear surface, an upper surface, and the upper surface of the block, which are spaced apart from the front surface by a distance defining the depth of the block and facing the support side of the wall. A bottom surface spaced apart by a distance defining a height, opposite sides spaced apart from each other by a distance defining a width of the block, and extending through at least a portion of the height of the block, at the first opening of the top surface or the bottom surface; A passageway ending with said passageway and said first opening configured to receive a first portion of the length of the strip reinforcement; And a plurality of strip-shaped reinforcements for fixing the wall, wherein a first portion of the length of the strip-shaped reinforcement is received in the passageway of the block, and a second portion of the length of the strip-shaped reinforcement is the upper surface of the block. Or arranged in the same plane and aligned with the bottom surface, wherein a third portion of the length of the strip-shaped reinforcement is arranged to extend outwardly from the back surface of the block and fixed at a position substantially perpendicular to the wall during backfilling and compaction Each of the plurality of strip shaped reinforcements may be inserted into at least one of the plurality of blocks.

The passage is generally perpendicular to the top or bottom direction in order to maximize the pulling force required to remove the strip reinforcement after it is inserted.

Preferably each strip reinforcement is elastically flexible.

For mortar-free construction, the block further comprises a guide groove extending from the first opening passageway along the top or bottom surface of the block, the guide groove ending at the back of the block. And receive the second portion of the strip reinforcement. The third portion of the strip reinforcement may be placed at an angle to the wall during the backfilling and compacting or in a coplanar arrangement with the top or bottom surface immediately before the backfilling and compacting operations.

In one embodiment, the passage extends from the first opening provided on the bottom to the second opening provided on the upper surface, and the band reinforcement is inserted through the passage from the first opening to the second opening. And a fourth portion of the strip-shaped reinforcement is arranged outward from the back of the block and is fixed substantially perpendicular to the wall during backfilling and compaction. The fourth portion is generally arranged coplanar with the top or bottom surface of the block to maximize resistance to tension and spaced apart from the wall just before backfilling and compaction.

Advantageously the passage may consist of a cavity filled with drainage aggregate from the bottom surface to the top surface or with an impermeable material such as concrete or cement. The passageway may be one of a plurality of passageways.

In one embodiment, the system further includes one or more shear pins and a drainage channel installed to direct moisture from the support side to the dredging side to prevent slipping between adjacent layers. This drainage is particularly advantageous in the case of clay soils in order to reduce the rise of the hydrostatic pressure on the supporting side.

In another embodiment, the plurality of band stiffeners is divided into a threaded section inserted into at least one block and a free section interconnected to the insert and from the back of the block during backfilling and compaction. It extends to the outside and is generally vertically fixed to the wall.

In another embodiment, the reinforcement earth retaining wall system forms the bottom of the composite wall. The mixed wall is divided into a transition from top to bottom. The upper portion may be a gravity or cantilever retaining wall. Using this embodiment, a soil reinforcement protection barrier can be placed in a transition zone that is coplanar with the top block layer that forms the bottom of the mixed wall. The reinforcement soil barrier may be a concrete slab that provides the physical signs of the transition zone or a thin plate of plastic material that provides the visual signs of the transition zone.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method of constructing a reinforced soil retaining wall system is provided. The system includes a plurality of blocks arranged in layers based on a substrate to form a wall, wherein the wall includes a backfill of soil over a plurality of strip-shaped reinforcements connected efficiently to at least some of the plurality of blocks arranged in layers. Settled by compaction,

 a) providing a level surface for arranging the block layers, each block defining a height of the block from the front surface, the back surface, the top surface, and the top surface spaced apart by a distance defining the depth of the block from the front surface; A passage extending through at least a portion of a bottom surface spaced apart from each other by a distance that is spaced apart from each other by a distance defining the width of the block, and at least a portion of the height of the block and ending at a first opening of the bottom surface; The passageway and the first opening are configured to receive a first portion of the length of the strip reinforcement;

b) a first portion of the length of the strip stiffener is received in the passageway of the block, and a second portion of the length of the strip stiffener is arranged coplanar with the top or bottom surface of the block, Inserting a strip-shaped reinforcement into the layered block such that a third portion of the length of the strip-shaped reinforcement extends outwardly arranged from the rear surface of the block;

c) placing the block and the inserted strip reinforcement on the level surface such that the back side of the block and the third portion of the strip reinforcement face the soil side supported by the wall;

d) repeating steps a) to c) until the required height of the retaining wall is achieved; And

e) a method of constructing a reinforced soil retaining wall system comprising the step of fixing said third portion of said strip reinforcement by backfilling and compacting a substantial amount of soil behind said back of said block.

Step e) may be performed after step c) after each layer of the block is completed or after the walls have been completed in one operation.

For mortar-free construction, each block further comprises a guide slot extending from the first opening passage along the top or bottom surface, the guide groove ending at the back of the block and being made of the band reinforcement. Accepts two parts. The third portion of the strip reinforcement is arranged coplanar with the top or bottom surface just before step e). In one embodiment, the passageway penetrates from the first opening on the bottom to the second opening on the top. And the step b) includes inserting the strip-shaped reinforcement into the passage from the first opening to the second opening so that the fourth portion of the strip-shaped reinforcement extends outward from the rear surface of the block. Step e) for the embodiment further comprises the step of fixing the fourth portion of the strip-shaped reinforcement by back filling and compacting the back of the block. The fourth portion may be arranged substantially coplanar with the top or bottom surface of the block or at an angle with the wall, away from the wall just prior to backfilling and compaction.

In another embodiment, the passageway is a cavity from the bottom to the top surface, further comprising the step of filling with a significant ballast after each block or block layer has been placed. The ballast may be an impermeable material such as drainage aggregate or concrete.

The construction method further includes the step of installing one or more shear pins to prevent one block layer from slipping from another adjacent block layer.

In another embodiment, the plurality of band stiffeners is threaded section inserted into the at least one block in step b) and extends outward from the back of the block during backfilling and compaction. During the stage, it is divided into free sections that are generally fixed perpendicular to the wall.

In one embodiment, the reinforced earth retaining wall forms a lower portion of the composite wall, and the mixed wall has a transition zone divided into an upper portion and a lower portion. The construction method further includes the step of constructing a gravity or cantilever retaining wall that forms an upper portion of the mixed wall. The method of constructing the mixed wall using this embodiment further includes installing a reinforcement protection barrier in a transition zone arranged on the same plane as the uppermost block layer forming the lower portion of the mixed wall. Installing the reinforcement soil barrier may include placing concrete slabs.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, an object of the present invention is to provide a block necessary for constructing a reinforcing soil retaining wall of the first aspect of the present invention. According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, an object of the present invention is to provide a band-shaped reinforcement material necessary for constructing a reinforcement earth retaining wall according to the construction method of the second aspect of the present invention.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a reinforced earth retaining wall system is provided, in which a plurality of blocks are layered on a base layer to form a wall having a dredging side and a supporting side, each of the blocks being the dredging of the wall. A front side facing away from the front side and a bottom spaced apart by a distance defining the depth of the block from the front side, and a rear surface facing the support side of the wall, a top surface, and a bottom spaced apart from the top surface by a distance defining the height of the block. A face, opposing sides spaced apart from each other by a distance defining a width of the block;

A plurality of first reinforcement sections for anchoring the wall to a backfill and arranged between adjacent layers of the wall and extending outwardly from the back of the blocks to the support side of the wall; And

A plurality of second stabilized backfilled and compacted soil on the support side of the wall, spaced apart from the first reinforcement sections and arranged to extend substantially perpendicular to the wall during backfilling and compacting operations It characterized in that it comprises a reinforcement section.

The second stiffener section may be away from, or very close to or in contact with the back of the wall.

In one embodiment, any one or both of the first and second reinforcement sections are elastic materials that are easily recovered in a circular shape. The length of the second stiffener section depends on the particular application and may correspond to at least 60%, 70% or 80% of the retaining wall height. The second reinforcement section is advantageously extended beyond the expected fracture surface of the backfill section, which is determined by various factors, including at least the properties of the backfill material and the retaining wall itself.

Either or both of the first and second reinforcement sections may take the form of a plate like geomesh or an extended form of a band reinforcement.

In one embodiment, the first and second reinforcement sections are arranged horizontally on the same plane. In another embodiment, the first stiffener section is arranged in the first layer and the second stiffener section is arranged in the second layer away from the first layer.

Either or both of the first and second reinforcement sections may be arranged coplanar with the top or bottom surfaces of one or more of the plurality of blocks just prior to backfilling and compacting operations. The second reinforcement sections may be arranged in the same way as above at different heights.

In one embodiment the block is characterized in that it further comprises a cavity from the bottom surface to the top surface. The cavity is filled with an impermeable material such as ballast or concrete or mortar, which is aggregate for drainage. For soil with poor drainage, the system further comprises a drainage passage from the support side of the wall towards the dredging side.

In another embodiment, the reinforced earth retaining wall system forms a bottom of the mixed wall and the mixed wall has a transition zone that is divided into an upper part and a lower part. The upper portion may be a gravity or cantilever retaining wall. Using this embodiment, a soil reinforcement protection barrier, such as concrete slabs or slabs of plastic material, can be installed in the transition zone generally coplanar with the topmost block layer forming the lower portion of the mixed wall. .

Where mortar is used, the first reinforcement section is fixed using mortar between the adjacent block layers. In the construction without mortar, the first reinforcement section is fixed between the block layers by gravity by the load of the blocks forming the adjacent block layers.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of constructing a reinforced earth retaining wall system, the system comprising: a method of constructing a reinforced earth retaining wall system comprising a plurality of blocks arranged in layers on a substrate to form a wall,

a) providing a level surface for arranging a layer of blocks, each of the blocks having a front surface, a rear surface spaced from the front surface by a distance defining a depth of the block, a top surface, and a height of the block from the top surface A bottom surface spaced apart by a distance defining a, and opposing surfaces spaced apart from each other by a distance defining a width of the block;

b) a plurality of first stiffener sections arranged outwardly extending from the rear of the blocks to the support side of the wall to anchor the wall to backfill between both layers adjacent to the wall while arranging each layer of the blocks; Arranging them;

c) stacking each subsequent layer up to the required retaining wall height;

d) arranging a plurality of second stiffener sections spaced apart from the plurality of first stiffener sections and arranged to extend substantially perpendicular to the wall during the step e); And

e) backfilling and compacting a predetermined amount of soil behind the back of the blocks to fix the plurality of first and second reinforcement sections.

Step e) may be performed after step b) and before step c) for each stage performed after the wall is completed. The second reinforcement section may be arranged to fall off the back of the wall during the step e).

In one embodiment the first and second reinforcement sections are arranged on the same plane horizontally to each other. Alternatively, the first reinforcement section may be arranged as a first layer and the second reinforcement section may be arranged as a second layer away from the first layer.

Any one or both of the first or second reinforcement section may be arranged in the same plane on the top or bottom surface of one or more of the plurality of blocks just before the backfill and compaction operation.

In one embodiment the block further comprises one or more cavities from the bottom to the top, the cavities being shaped to receive a significant amount of ballast. To this end, the method further comprises filling a significant amount of ballast after each block or block layer is arranged. The ballast may be a drainage aggregate or an impervious material such as concrete or cement mortar.

The system may further comprise installing one or more sheer pins to prevent the first layer from slipping from an adjacent second layer.

In another embodiment, the reinforcement soil retaining wall forms a lower portion of the mixed wall and the mixed wall has a transition zone divided into an upper portion and the lower portion. The method may further include constructing a gravity or cantilever retaining wall constituting the upper portion. The transition zone may be provided with a soil reinforcement protection barrier substantially coplanar with the uppermost block layer forming the lower portion of the mixed wall.

Where mortar is used, the first reinforcement section is fixed using mortar between two adjacent block layers. In the case of mortar-free construction, the first reinforcement section is fixed between the block layers by gravity by the load of the blocks forming the adjacent block layers.

Various embodiments of reinforcement earth retaining wall systems will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in order to facilitate a more detailed understanding of the features of the present invention.

1 is a first embodiment of the reinforcement earth system of the present invention showing an arrangement of layers consisting of a band reinforcement and blocks that use a mortar to fix the positions of the blocks and anchor the walls under the backfill and compaction soils. The side cross section through the wall constructed accordingly is shown.

2 (a) and 2 (b) are used to construct the wall of FIG. 1, respectively, in which the band-shaped reinforcement is inserted before the blocks are stacked so that the blocks of adjacent layers lie at the same height with each other in the construction of the mortar-free wall. An isometric view of one of the blocks showing the location of the passageway and the location of the guide groove for receiving the second portion of the strip reinforcement.

3 shows a cross section along section A-A of the block of FIG. 2 (a);

4 shows the block of FIG. 3 with a strip shaped reinforcement inserted therein.

5 shows an isometric cross-sectional view of a portion of the wall showing a strip-shaped reinforcement threaded through the blocks.

FIG. 6 shows a partial isometric view of a wall in which two layers are constructed, showing the arrangement of the blocks and the band reinforcement before backfilling and compaction for the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows an isometric view of a finished wall showing the arrangement of blocks and strip stiffeners through two layers of blocks after backfilling and compaction for the first embodiment of the present invention.

8 is an isometric view of a block used in accordance with a second embodiment of a reinforced earth retaining wall system of the present invention.

FIG. 9 shows a cross section along section B-B of the block shown in FIG. 8 showing the arrangement of the strip reinforcement inserted into the block. FIG.

FIG. 10 shows a partial isometric view of a wall on which two layers are constructed, showing the arrangement of the block and strip reinforcement prior to backfilling and compacting in the second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 11 shows a side cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the present invention showing a mixed wall having a top and a bottom.

12 shows a side cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention showing an impermeable layer and drainage channels for supporting clay soils.

FIG. 13 shows an alternative embodiment for using clay soils in which the cavities of the blocks shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 are filled with drainage aggregates forming a permeable layer.

Fig. 14 shows a partial isometric view of the finished wall constructed using the fourth embodiment of the present invention, whereby the band reinforcement lies in the sections.

FIG. 15 shows an isometric view of a reinforced soil retaining wall system constructed using second reinforced soil sections arranged in a backfill soil and arranged in a spaced apart relationship between the first reinforced soil section and the first reinforced soil sections between layers.

Particular embodiments in various aspects of the present invention will be described below in the context of constructing a linear, monolayer retaining wall. It is clear that the various aspects of the present invention can be easily applied to double or curved retaining wall construction. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. If the term is not defined, the term is used in a sense understood by those skilled in the art. For clarity, some definitions of terms are given below.

The "dredge side" of the retaining wall refers to the lower elevation of the earth's surface. "Dredge line" means the line at which the elevation of the wall and the dredging side intersect. The "retained side" of the retaining wall refers to the side with the higher elevation after back filling. "Backfill" means a material, typically in the form of soil, to be deposited on the support side of the retaining wall. The backfill to be filled behind the retaining wall is also referred to as "reinforced soil." Unfilled backfill may add more moisture to the retaining wall, causing settlement problems and stiffeners may not settle properly. Therefore, all backfill will be adequately compacted by the procedures required by the standard specification. "Compaction" is the application of mechanical forces to reduce the compression rate of backfill material and to mitigate the risk of future retaining wall behavior. .

"Drainage aggregate" refers to a generally rough, sized, typically angular ballast that is used to expedite the drainage of moisture. For best results, it should contain sufficiently large and evenly sized calcite particles to ensure a space that facilitates the flow of water and should not contain fine particles that impede the flow of water.

"Course" means the horizontal layer of the retaining wall block. "Base course" refers to the first block layer installed on a flat base. "Capping" means the last or top block layer for decorative purposes. Capping is done using solid blocks to prevent flooding. "Bond" means an arrangement of interlayer blocks or a pattern thereof. Blocks centered on the vertical junction created by adjacent blocks of the preceding layer are described as having "stretcher bonds".

The term "geomesh" refers to a reinforcement of a polymeric polymer material in sheet form hereinafter. The reinforcement is typically woven in a grid but not necessarily.

A first embodiment of the reinforcement earth retaining wall system 10 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7 and the reinforcement earth retaining wall system 10 is arranged in the form of a layer 14 forming a wall 16. It includes a number of blocks 12. A reinforcement is provided on the wall 16 using a plurality of strip-shaped reinforcements 18 that are inserted into and extend into the block 12. The band reinforcement 18 is embedded below the backfilled soil 20 after each layer 14 is laid or after the construction of the wall 16.

1,2 (a) and 2 (b), the block 12 used according to the first embodiment of the reinforced earth retaining wall system 10 is a front face 22, the distance defined by the depth of the block. A rear surface 24 spaced apart by a distance defined by the width of the block, each of the opposing surface 26 and the opposing surface 28 spaced apart by a distance defined by the width of the block 32). Generally, the block 12 is placed such that the front face 22 faces the dredging side 34 of the wall 16 and the back face 24 faces the support side 36 of the wall 16. The block 12 further comprises a passage 40 extending from the first opening 42 of the bottom surface 32 to the top surface 36. The first opening 42 may be placed on the upper surface 30. Referring to FIG. 4, the passage 40 is characterized by receiving a first portion 44 of the strip shaped reinforcement 18 used to stabilize the wall 16.

1 shows a wall 16 constructed using a number of mortar layers 47 for securing each block 12. The bottom surface 32 of the block 12 has at least one guide groove 50 extending from the first opening 42 of the passage 40 to the back surface 24 of the block 12 for mortar-free construction. ) Is provided. The guide groove 50 is in such a manner that it lies coplanar with the top surface 30 of the preceding layer 14 "block 12 underlying the bottom surface 32 provided in the subsequent layer 14 '. And a second portion 46 of the band reinforcement 18 of the block 12. The guide groove 50 must have a depth sufficient to accommodate the thickness of the band reinforcement 18 for this purpose. In addition, the guide groove 50 helps to align in the direction of the supporting side 36 of the wall 16. The third portion 48 of the band reinforcement 18 is not accommodated in the block 12. It is spaced apart from the rear surface 24 of the block 12 and extends outward.

When mortar is used in the construction of the reinforcement earth retaining wall system 10, the guide groove 50 is optional and need not be provided. This is because the second portion of the strip reinforcement 18 can be accommodated in the mortar layer 47. When mortar is used in this way, the first portion 44 of the strip-shaped reinforcement 18 enters the passage 40 of the block 12 and the second portion 46 passes through the mortar layer 17. Arranged on the same plane as the upper surface 30 or the bottom surface 32 of each block 12, the third portion being fixed substantially perpendicular to the wall 16 during backfilling and compaction. It is arranged to extend outward from the back of the block 12.

The passage 40 is a block 12 if the band-shaped reinforcement 12 is bent at any angle, preferably at an angle of approximately 90 degrees, in order to resist tension forces exerting tension on the reinforcement, which is applied after backfilling and compacting operations. Obviously, it does not need to extend to the maximum height of the). The passage 40 is preferably in a generally perpendicular direction with respect to the top surface 30 or bottom surface 32 of each block 12. For this reason, the strip-shaped reinforcing material 18 has a circular return property of elasticity can be bent up to 90 degrees. The passage 40 is preferably located on the front side 22 of the block 12.

Further, the band reinforcement 18 is not directly mechanically connected to the block 12. The position of the band reinforcement is effectively fixed during backfilling and compaction operations. In general, the band reinforcement 18 is inserted into the block 12 through the first opening 42 so that the first portion 44 is received in the passage 40, and the second portion is mortar-free in construction. The guide groove 50 is bent or bent to be accommodated in the mortar layer 47 when mortar is used. If the passage 40 extends from the bottom face 32 of the block to the top face 30 to the maximum height of the block 12, the passage 40 is provided on the top face 30. It will end at the second opening 52. The strip-shaped reinforcing material 18 may be inserted into the passage 40 via the first opening 42 or the second opening 52.

The strip reinforcement 18 may be made of other materials known to be suitable for reinforcement earthwork applications, for example galvanized steel strips, high strength polyester, knitted fabrics, polymer fibers or high density polyethylene.

Conveniently, each strip-shaped reinforcement 18 can be cut out of a sheet-like mesh reinforcement such as a geomesh, and thus does not include only a single longitudinal section. The band reinforcement 18 includes a plurality of ends joined by a number of horizontal sections when still insertable into the passage 40. The length of the strip reinforcement 18 necessary to stabilize the wall 16 should be directly proportional to the height of the wall 16 and be at least 0.7 times the height of the wall. For soft soils and overload, the band reinforcement 18 should be longer and larger.

The material for the construction of the block is not of great importance for the operation of the invention. Typically each block 12 is constructed from concrete made of a mixture of cement, water and one or more aggregates. The block may be constructed of other materials known to be applicable to retaining walls, including geopolymers, limestone or metals. In addition, the color and / or organization of the blocks is not critical and can be varied, for example, by adding oxidants to concrete or geopolymers or by changing the aggregates used in aesthetic considerations.

To better understand the various aspects of the first embodiment of the present invention, the construction method of the reinforcement earth retaining wall using the block 12 will now be described in the context of the construction method using mortar. Nevertheless, the reinforced soil retaining wall system 10 can be applied to mortarless construction as described below in connection with the second embodiment of the present invention.

The first stage is site preparation and laying of foundation (60). The support side region of the wall 16 is excavated to accommodate the reinforcement of the planned length in proportion to the height of the wall 16 in the dredging direction. If the excavated soil is to be used as part of the backfill soil, belay rooting of the ground soil should be made. Ditch over the longitudinal length of the wall and the foundation 60 is prepared by pouring concrete slabs or by laying suitable particulate material, such as crushed stone, road-based aggregates, ballast or coarse sand. The foundation 60 should be flat over the entire length of the wall for best results.

The base layer 62 rests on the foundation 60. As is common with walls using blocks, if the arrangement of bases is irregular in the construction of mortar, the degree of irregularity increases as the height of the walls increases, so special care is required during construction. In mortar construction, since the irregularities of the substrate can be corrected by the amount of mortar, the importance of the substrate construction is less than that of the mortar construction. To aid in the accurate seating of the base block, a string line such as a laser sight or other suitable guide equipment should be used to guide the block's location. After positioning the block, a leveling device, such as a spirit level, to measure the level of the block in front, rear, left and right directions should be used. Rubber hammers or other suitable dead blow hammers can be used to help adjust the given block position to the required line and level. If the level of the substrate is uneven, it can be modified if necessary using a suitable leveling tool, for example one or more wedges.

Referring to FIG. 1, the base layer 62 is partially buried below the dredging line 38. Partial embedding of the base block provides reinforcement to the base layer 62 to reduce the risk of settling down the wall 16 in the dredging line 38. No use of reinforcement is required for the support of the substrate. Thus, the block 12 of the present invention need not be used in the construction of the base layer. If it is convenient, any block of suitable size may be used, including a full block. If a hollow block is used for the construction of the base layer 62, the cavity of the block may be filled with an impermeable material such as drainage aggregate or concrete or cement. If aggregate is used, the aggregate must be firmly compacted and filled in the cavity, taking care not to disturb the position of the block.

Once the base layer 62 is laid, a suitable stuffed soil is used as the backfill soil 20 behind the base layer 62. The backfill soil 20 is then compacted using a suitable compaction apparatus or flat compaction machine, such as a hand tamper. The commitment is carried out in accordance with the standard specifications for civil engineering works that vary from country to country. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art to evaluate the degree of compaction required to achieve civil certification for the completion of the retaining wall.

Unlike the last layer 64, the second and subsequent layers of block 12 are constructed using the block 12 of the present invention. Before arranging each subsequent layer 14, debris or surface debris must first be removed from the top surface of the block 12 of the layer being layered. This operation provides a flat surface for the arrangement of the next block layer. In addition, it is desirable to reset the string line and use the spirit level in the manner described above to assist in the correct alignment of the block 12. The joining of each subsequent layer is generally constructed such that the vertical seams 66 are stepped apart in order to receive maximum force. The blocks, of course, do not have to be arranged by stretcher bonds.

Referring to FIG. 5, a band reinforcement 18 is inserted into the passage 40 such that the first portion 44 is received into the passage 40 through the first opening 18. At this time, the strip-shaped reinforcing material 18 is bent such that the second portion extends along the bottom surface 32 in the direction of the rear surface 24 from the first opening 42. The block 12, in which the mortar 47 is poured and the band reinforcement 18 is inserted, is then assembled onto the block 12 forming the preceding layer. The third portion 48 of the strip reinforcement 18 extends from the block 12 toward the support side 36 of the wall 16. Backfilling and compaction may be performed after each layer 14 is laid or after the wall 16 is completed to secure the strip reinforcement 18 in place and described above with respect to the laying of the base layer 62. It may be carried out in a similar manner as the above.

Any one of the third portions 48 of the strip stiffener 18 is approximately at the wall 16 just before backfilling after any or all of the second and subsequent layers 14 have been deposited. Orient to be perpendicular and generally coplanar with respect to the top surface 30 and bottom surface 32 of each of the blocks 12. The third portion 48 is then held in position when covered with the filling soil during the next backfill and compaction operation. Advantageously, it is possible to use the work tank separately during construction of the reinforced earth retaining wall system of the present invention. That is, it is possible to separate the block stacking tank into which the strip-shaped reinforcement 18 is inserted into the block 12 during the block laying operation, and the ground compaction tank to hold the third portion during the backfilling and compacting operations after the completion of the wall. .

The additional layers 14 are assembled in this way until the wall 16 reaches the required height. During backfilling and compaction, the weight of the backfill 20 behind the wall 16 may cause the wall to tilt toward the dredging side 34. In order to offset this, each layer 14 may be removed from the preceding layer 14 such that the finished wall 16 is inclined rearward by 2% or more towards the support side 36 prior to backfilling. It may be retracted by about 4 mm or more in the direction of the support side 36 of the wall 16. After backfilling and compaction, the wall is generally vertical.

If desired, the last layer 64 may take the form of capping as shown in FIG. 7 to create a better aesthetically pleasing appearance to the wall. The capping 64 may be fixed using a waterproof adhesive and prevent water from entering the passage 40 provided in the block 12 used to construct the wall 16. It may be in the form full.

If the soil to be supported has a low water permeability, such as clay, drainage aggregate 104 may be installed directly adjacent to the support side 36 of the wall 16 to prevent an increase in hydrostatic pressure on the side of the wall. have.

A second embodiment of the block of the invention is shown from Figs. 8 to 10 and like reference numerals refer to like parts. In this embodiment, the block 12 is provided with a plurality of cavities 72 (in this example, two cavities are provided). Each cavity 72 extends to the maximum height of the block 12. And the same function as the passage 40 of the block 12 described above in connection with the first embodiment. These blocks 12 will hereinafter be referred to as hollow blocks. One advantage of using the hollow blocks 12 is that the efficient weight of each block is less weight and easier to transport, stack, and lay than equivalent sized hollow blocks. Another advantage is that the cavity 72 has a larger volume than the passage 40 of the first embodiment, making insertion of the strip reinforcement easier.

For mortar construction, each hollow block 12 is characterized by having one or more guide grooves 50 which perform the functions as described in connection with the first embodiment. Where the mortar is used, the guide groove 50 is not necessary. Guide grooves 50 need not be provided in the respective cavities 72.

In order to facilitate understanding of various aspects of the second embodiment of the present invention, the mortar tar construction method of the reinforced earth retaining wall using the hollow block 12 will be described below with reference to FIGS. Point to. The reinforced soil retaining wall system 10 is equally applicable to construction using mortar similarly to the method described above in connection with the first embodiment of the present invention.

While constructing the wall 16 using the hollow block 12, the foundation 60 and base 62 will be laid in a manner similar to that described in the first embodiment. Backfilling and compaction are performed after the base layer 62 is placed.

The second and each subsequent block layer 12 (except the final block layer 64) is constructed using the hollow block 12. Referring to FIG. 9, the band reinforcement 18 penetrates through any one of the cavities 72 in such a way that a first portion is received into the cavity 72. The band reinforcement 18 is then bent to an angle of approximately 90 degrees such that the second portion is received in the guide groove 50. The first portion 44 is positioned in the cavity 72 towards the front face 22 of the block 12 to provide maximum resistance to the force to overturn the wall 16.

 When the hollow block 12 is installed on top of the block forming the preceding layer 14 with the strip-shaped reinforcement 18 inserted, the guide groove 50 is the support side 36 of the wall 16. Position in the direction. When or after each new layer is placed, the hollow block cavity 72 is filled with a significant ballast 76 in the form of an impermeable material such as concrete or drainage aggregate, for example. Where drainage aggregates are used, the material should be compacted so that there is no empty space. The ballast 76 provides stability to the wall and helps to support the position of the band reinforcement 18 in relation to the cavity 72 and to prevent the block from behaving during backfilling and compaction. do. The drainage aggregate also acts as a cushion to protect the strip reinforcement from losses that would occur if the strip reinforcement was brought into contact with the rear edge of the cavity 72. Moreover, because concrete is weak in flexural forces, the aggregates help to distribute the tensile forces acting on the band reinforcement 18 to a larger surface, ie the inner back 80 of the cavity 72.

After the hollow cavity 72 is filled with a substantial ballast 76, the wall 16 is backfilled using a suitable stuffed soil and compacted in the manner described above with respect to the substrate 62. Immediately after the second or subsequent layer 14 is laid and just before backfilling, the third portion 48 of the strip reinforcement 18 is approximately perpendicular to the wall 18 and generally the bottom of the block 12. Orientation is coplanar with plane 32. The third portion 48 is then fixed at this position when each layer 14 is laid and when the stuffing soil is covered or when the wall 16 is completed.

9 and 10, the second embodiment differs from the first part 44 in which the fourth portion 74 of the band reinforcement 18 is received in the cavity 72, unlike the first embodiment. It is different in that it extends so that the effective length of the strip reinforcement 18 is approximately doubled. The fourth portion 74 is covered over the dredging side 34 of the wall 16 during backfilling and compaction of the layer 14 overlying the membrane. During backfilling and compaction, the third and fourth portions 48 and 74 are first placed on the compacted soil and are approximately perpendicular to the wall 16 and the top surface 30 of each hollow block 12. Orient so as to lie on the same plane as the bottom surface (32).

The additional layers 14 are laid in this way up to the height at which the wall 16 is required. If desired, the last layer 64 may take the form of capping as described above. Backfilling and compaction are performed after each layer 14 is laid or after the wall 16 is completed.

In order to provide resistance to shear deformation between adjacent layers 14 of the wall 16, the system 10 takes the form of a plurality of rectangular blocks made of concrete shown in FIG. It may further include a plurality of sheer pins 82 inserted into the cavity 72 before 76 is filled. It is noteworthy that when coarse aggregate is filled with ballast 76 in the cavity, resistance to shear forces can be obtained by its own particles, so the use of the shear pins 82 is entirely optional. When the cavity 72 is filled with coarse aggregate, the behavior of one block 12 in relation to adjacent blocks of adjacent layers requires deformation between the particles of the coarse aggregate. Aggregate particles for drainage are generally the same size and are therefore not suitable for achieving this purpose, thus providing additional resistance to shear deformation between adjacent layers.

Although cumbersome, it is also possible to insert the band reinforcement through the plurality of blocks 12 in the adjacent layer 14 as shown in FIG. It should be noted that unless overload is expected, not all blocks 12 need to be provided with one length of band reinforcement. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art to determine the amount of band reinforcement, wall height, expected load and backfill type required for wall construction.

A third embodiment of the strip-shaped reinforcement system 10 and the block 12 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 11 and like reference numerals refer to like parts. In construction sites, retaining walls are usually installed ahead of other constructions such as plumbing, electricity, and foundation work. In this third embodiment, the system 10 comprises a mixed wall 90 which is divided into a top 94 and a bottom 96 at the transition zone 92. The lower portion 96 of the mixed wall is a reinforced earth retaining wall 16 constructed as described in the first and second embodiments. The lower part 96 is placed and backfilling and compacting are performed on the supporting side 36 of the mixed wall 90. The top 94 of the mixed wall is then constructed as a gravity retaining wall having a height corresponding to the transition zone 92. The gravity retaining wall 94 is constructed in accordance with embodiments of the background art.

The upper portion 94 penetrates the cavity 72 of the block used for the construction of the upper portion 94 of the mixed wall 90 by placing a plurality of steel bars (not shown in the figure) to strengthen the steel. It may have the form of a cantilever retaining wall. The cavity 72 is then filled with concrete that will hold the bar in place. A number of shear pins 82 may be installed on the top layer of the bottom 96 of the mixed wall in the transition zone 92 to provide resistance to shear deformation at the top relative to the bottom 96.

The third embodiment is based on the recognition that 0.1-0.9m of the upper end of the retaining wall can be effectively self-supporting. The thickness of the transition zone 92 depends in part on the expected depth of the facility or structure being constructed on the support side of the retaining wall, but the thickness of the transition zone will not exceed 1 m and is about 0.4 below the final expected height of the mixed wall 90. It will be at ~ 0.6m.

A soil reinforcement protection barrier 98 may be installed in the transition zone on the same plane as the top surface 30 of the top layer 14 of the bottom 96. The barrier 98 acts as a visual or physical barrier to protect the strip stiffener 18 from losses that may be in operation of a building to be constructed later adjacent to the completed retaining wall. Thus, the barrier 98 may take the form of a thin plate-shaped plastic strip that serves as a visual indicator that the transition zone has been reached during subsequent excavation work. Alternatively, the barrier 98 may take the form of a concrete slab that prevents penetration from subsequent excavation and provides physical resistance to protect the strip reinforcement below it.

A fourth embodiment of the system 10 and block 12 of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. Like reference numerals refer to like parts. This example is designed specifically to address the problems associated with the use of backfills such as clay soils with low water permeability. Due to the low water permeability of the soil, the backfill 20 remains saturated for a long time, such as by precipitation, resulting in an increase in the moisture stored on the support side 32 of the wall 16. This increases the hydrostatic pressure on the wall 16 to effectively apply pressure on the support side 32 of the wall.

As a means for overcoming this problem, the wall 16 is arranged to flow water by gravity behind the wall through a drainage channel 106 located at the base of the wall 16 and extending from the permeable layer 104 toward the dredging side 34. Adjacent to the support side 32 is a method of vertically positioning the permeable layer 104 made of a permeable material such as a drainage aggregate. The drainage aggregate will typically consist of particles of large enough and even stone to ensure permeability. The permeable layer 104 may be installed in a separate dismantling manner as each layer 14 is laid so that the strip-shaped reinforcing material 18 may settle in the backfill and compacted soil through the permeable layer. On the other hand, the wall 16 is constructed in a similar manner to the embodiment described above.

Drainage aggregates can be easily removed by the operator during backfilling and compaction. The block stack must remove loose stones before laying the next layer of blocks. Moreover, the permeable layer 104 lacks self-supporting, which may result in a thicker layer than would otherwise be necessary, resulting in an increase in material and installation costs.

To alleviate this potential problem, the hollow blocks of the second embodiment are particularly suitable for clay quality soils. If the cavity 72 is filled with drainage aggregates, the wall itself can serve as the permeable layer 104 and the guide groove 50 provided in the hollow block 12 receives water from the support side 36. It performs the function of guiding the cavity 72 filled with drainage aggregates. In this embodiment, the block 12 used for the construction of the base layer 62 is placed so as to be able to flow water from the water permeable layer 104 to the dredging side so that the guide groove is drained from the wall itself.

The size and shape of the guide groove 50 may vary in relation to the maximum anticipated rainfall to allow drainage at a faster rate than the known stormwater treatment capacity of the backfill material 20 at a given geographical location. The liquid accumulated inside the permeable layer 104, defined as a hollow cavity of the hollow block, is a pressure that accelerates the flow of liquid through the guide groove 50 of the block 12 that is placed opposite to form the base layer 62. Create a head of pressure.

The base layer 62 of this fourth embodiment does not need to be constructed using the hollow blocks 12 placed opposite to each other, and guides the flow of liquid in the permeable layer 104 to the dredging side 34 on the wall 16. Of course, if at least one drainage of a suitable size is provided, it can be equally constructed using the solid block or any other solid block type of the first embodiment.

A fifth embodiment of the system 10 and block 12 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 14, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts. As briefly described in the first and second embodiments, the length of the band reinforcement 18 is directly proportional to the expected height of the wall 16. In this regard, when the wall is high, particularly about 1.6 m or more, it is difficult to sew the band reinforcement through the passage 40 or the cavity 72. As the height of the wall 16 increases, it is not only difficult to insert the band reinforcement through the cavity 72 or the passage 40, but also the long length of the band reinforcement 18 which is easy to dry and catch when laying each block layer. There is a problem that is generally difficult to deal with.

The problem can be overcome by dividing the strip reinforcement into shorter inserts 100 and longer free portions 102. Each short insert 100 can be inserted as described in any of the first to third embodiments. The long free portion 102 is then placed apart during backfilling and compacting after each layer 14 or the wall 16 is completed. Each free portion 102 may be attached to and secured to the corresponding insert 100 or may be positioned to extend generally vertically spaced from the support side 32 wall 16 at any depth within the backfill 20.

After backfilling and compaction, the coupling effect of installing the free part 102 separately or interdependently with the insert 100 is that if the free part 102 is at least backfilled from the support side 32 of the wall 16. If it extends beyond the anticipated fracture surface of (20), it is equivalent to laying one connected strip reinforcement (18). The fracture surface 110 forms a β angle with the dredging line 38 of the wall, and the β angle becomes a Rankine angle (or internal friction angle) that is correlated with the supported backfill 20 type.

A further advantage with this embodiment is that it is also possible to use separate working vessels for short walls as well. That is, the block stacking tank is responsible for inserting the insert 100 into the block 12, and the ground compaction tank is responsible for installing the free portion 102 during backfilling and compaction.

It is further recognized that the insertion portion 100 and the free portion 102 need not be provided in the form of a band reinforcement, but may use a grid or sheet reinforcement such as a geomesh. As such, FIG. 15 shows the reinforcement earth retaining wall system 10, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts. The block 112 of this embodiment may be a standard form commonly used for the construction of the reinforced earth retaining wall or may be the block 12 described in the first to fifth embodiments. The reinforced soil retaining wall system 110 includes a first reinforcement section for fixing the wall 16 to the backfill 20. The first reinforcement section is arranged between the 14 'and 14 "adjacent layers of the wall 16 and extends outward from the back 24 of the block 112. In the embodiment shown in FIG. The first reinforcement section 114 is in the form of a short geomesh. With reference to Fig. 14, the first reinforcement section 114, if the extended strip, such as the insert 100 shown in Fig. 14 is an adjacent layer 14 '. And between 14 "and extend outward from the back of the block on the support side 36 of the wall 16, the same may be provided using an elongated strip such as the insert 100 shown in FIG. Of course, the elongated straps do not need to penetrate the block.

The reinforced soil retaining wall system 110 further includes a second reinforcement section 116 to stabilize the soil backfilled and compacted to the support side 36 of the wall 16. The second reinforcement section is spaced apart from the first reinforcement section 114 and is generally perpendicular to the wall 16 during backfilling and compaction. Referring to FIG. 15, the second reinforcement section 116 is provided in the form of a larger plate geometry, and the geomesh is spaced apart from the first reinforcement section 114. While geomesh is preferred, other types of stiffeners can be used as suitable materials that can withstand weathering in certain soil environments and have sufficient tensile strength to withstand normal expected loads.

In FIG. 15, the second reinforcement section 116 is located directly adjacent to the support side 36 of the wall 16. Of course, the second reinforcement section 116 is spaced apart from the back of the block on the support side of the wall.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the first reinforcement section 114 and the second reinforcement section 116 are each arranged horizontally on the same plane and the first reinforcement section 114 is formed on the first layer ( 118 and the second reinforcement section 116 is spaced apart from the first layer 118 and is arranged as the second layer 120. The spacing between the first and second layers varies depending on a number of factors but is generally not expected to exceed 1 meter.

The first reinforcement section 114 is arranged in the same plane on the top surface 30 or bottom surface 32 of each of the one or more blocks 112 just before the backfill and compaction. The second reinforcement section 116 need not be arranged on the same plane as the top surface 30 or the bottom surface 32, but the block 112 at the height between the top surface 30 and the bottom surface 32. It is arranged to be in line with the plane 122 intersecting with.

The first reinforcement section 114 may be maintained between adjacent layers 14 'and 14 "by gravity using the mortar or under the natural weight of the block forming the top layer.

The length of the second reinforcement section may be at least 60%, 70% or 80% of the height of the wall 16, depending on a number of factors including the type and quality of the soil used in the backfill 20. It must extend past the fracture surface of the backfill 20. Second reinforcement section required for special application depending on factors such as height of retaining wall, excessive load and upper inclination angle, as well as factors such as slope stability, soil internal friction angle β, soil adhesion and soil moisture unit weight ( It is apparent to those skilled in the art to determine the amount and length of 116). For example, in low quality soils, a larger second reinforcement section 116 may be required to provide sufficient stability to the retaining wall. Where higher amounts of stiffeners are used, the smaller the load on each independent part, the greater the tensile strength of each part need be.

As shown in FIG. 15, the wall 16 can be constructed using the hollow block described above in connection with the second embodiment showing the exception that the guide groove 50 is not required. The cavity 72 of the hollow block 112 consists in receiving the ballast 76 described above. The ballast 76 is made of an impervious material such as drainage aggregate or concrete and is filled in the cavity of the block 112. If desired, one or more shear pins 82 may be provided to resist the first layer 14 'from slipping from the adjacent second layer 14 ". A drainage passage 106 set up to lead from the dredging side 34 from 36 may be provided, which is particularly advantageous to remove the hydrostatic pressure applied to the wall if the backfill is clay soil. 110 may be applied to the construction of the mixed wall 90 by a similar method as described above.

An embodiment of the construction method of the reinforced soil retaining wall 110 will now be described in the context of mortarless construction with reference to FIG. 15. The reinforced soil retaining wall system 110 is also applicable to the case of using mortar, of course. The mortar serves to fix the position of the first reinforcement section 114 between the adjacent layers 14.

Base 60 and base 62 are laid in a similar manner as described above. Once the base 62 is placed, a suitable fill material is used and compacted as the back fill material of the base layer 62 by civil engineering standard specifications that may vary from country to country. The first reinforcement section 114 is arranged along the top surface 30 of the block 112 forming the base layer 62 to anchor the wall 16 to the backfill 20 before the subsequent layer is laid. The first reinforcement section 114 extends outward from the back surface on the support side 36 of the block 112. The first reinforcement section 114 need not extend along the entire section of the wall 16 and need not be provided between adjacent layers 14 forming the wall. In the mortar construction, the first reinforced soil section 114 is held in place by the load of the block of the next layer overlying it. In the construction using mortar, the mortar layer 47 helps to maintain the position of the first reinforced soil section before backfilling.

The second reinforced soil section 116 is installed during backfilling and compaction operations that can be performed after each layer 14 is laid or the wall 16 is completed and the method described above in connection with the laying of the base layer 62. It is constructed similarly to The second reinforcement section 116 is arranged in such a manner that the first reinforcement section 114 is spaced apart, and the wall during backfilling and compacting the back of the block 112 to fix the position of the first and second reinforcement section It is generally extended vertically in (16). The additional layer 14 is laid in this way up to the height at which the wall 16 is required.

If desired, the last layer 64 may take the form of capping as shown in FIG. 7 to give the retaining wall a more aesthetically pleasing appearance. If the soil to be supported has a low water permeability, such as clay, the drainage aggregate layer 104 may be installed directly adjacent to the support side 36 of the wall to prevent an increase in the hydrostatic pressure acting on the back of the wall.

If a hollow block is used for the construction of the wall 16, the construction method requires a significant ballast in the cavity 72 after each block or layer of blocks is laid similar to that described in the second embodiment. 76) further comprising the step of adding. Where the shear pins 82 are used to prevent the first layer 14 'from slipping on adjacent layers 14 ", their position should not interfere with the position of the first reinforced soil section. Fins 82 are provided between the second layer 14 of all blocks 112 and the first reinforced soil section 114 is provided between the remaining layers.

While the selected embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention has several advantageous effects over the prior art, including the following.

a) Hollow blocks are light, enabling fast construction and reducing the risk of injury from work to the team involved in stacking.

b) The strip stiffeners are not mechanically connected to the block, thus reducing the component cost of the block and reducing the labor time associated with the block installation. In addition, the case in which the reinforcement is incorrectly connected to the block is reduced;

c) Blocks may be manufactured in a standard rectangular shape and installed in a standard interlocking brick pattern that increases the aesthetics and strength of the retaining wall. In addition, the blocks can be mass produced inexpensively and easily since no mechanical metal spheres need to be included in the blocks;

d) The system does not require a direct mechanical attachment to the band reinforcement, so that plastic can be used in place of the plated steel and the material cost can be reduced. When using the prior art, the strip-shaped reinforcement required holes, but most plastic materials were vulnerable to tearing, which prevented the use of plastic.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the basic inventive concept. For example, the front face of the block need not be flat and may have other shapes and surface textures. Similarly, the retaining wall system may further include applying a protective or decorative panel to the dredging side to enhance the appearance after construction. In all the illustrated embodiments one band reinforcement is inserted per block, while a plurality of band reinforcements may be inserted into a passage or cavity of one block. The present invention is also applicable to the construction of a stepped retaining wall that is constructed while biting the wall back. Terraced walls can be an attractive alternative to straight walls and can plant the resulting areas. In order to prevent the upper wall from loading on the lower wall, the upper wall should be constructed at least two times the height of the lower wall. All such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this invention, the nature of which will be determined from the foregoing description and the claims that follow.

Claims (81)

A layer is formed from the base layer to form a wall, the wall comprising a plurality of blocks having a retained side and a dredge side, each block of the plurality of blocks facing the dredging side of the wall. And a rear surface spaced apart by a distance defining the depth of the block from the front surface and facing the support side of the wall, a top surface, a bottom surface spaced apart by a distance defining a height of the block from the upper surface. And opposite passages spaced apart from each other by a distance defining a width, and extending through at least a portion of the height of the block and ending at a first opening of the top or bottom surface, the passage and the first opening being band-shaped. Is configured to receive a first portion of the length of the stiffener; And A plurality of strip reinforcements for anchoring the wall, wherein a first portion of the length of the strip reinforcement is received in the passageway of the block, and a second portion of the length of the strip reinforcement is in the upper surface of the block or The third portion of the length of the strip-shaped reinforcement is arranged to extend outwardly from the back of the block so as to be fixed in a position substantially perpendicular to the wall during backfilling and compaction. Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that each of the plurality of strip-shaped reinforcement is inserted into at least one of the plurality of blocks. The method of claim 1, And the passageway is substantially perpendicular to the top or bottom surface of the block. The method according to claim 1 or 2, Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that the belt reinforcement is elastic and flexible. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The block further comprises a guide groove extending from the first opening passage along the top surface or the bottom surface of the block, the guide groove ending at the back side of the block and defining the second portion of the band reinforcement. Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that configured to receive. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, And the third portion of the strip-shaped reinforcement is arranged in alignment with the top or bottom surface of the blocks just prior to backfilling and compaction. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, The passageway extends to the maximum height of the block from the first opening provided on the bottom surface of the block to the second opening provided on the upper surface of the block. The method of claim 6, A strip-shaped reinforcement is inserted through the passage from the first opening to the second opening, and a fourth portion of the strip-shaped reinforcing material is arranged outward from the back of the block to substantially fill and compact against the wall. Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that fixed vertically. The method of claim 7, wherein And said fourth portion is arranged in a substantially coplanar alignment with said top or bottom surface of said block away from said wall just prior to backfilling and compaction. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, The passageway is a cavity extending from the bottom surface to the top surface, wherein the cavity is configured to receive a predetermined amount of ballast. The method of claim 9, The ballast is reinforced soil retaining wall system, characterized in that the aggregate for drainage. The method of claim 9, Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that the ballast is impermeable. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, And the passageway is one of a plurality of passageways. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, Reinforcement earth retaining wall system further comprising one or more shear pins to prevent the first layer from slipping on adjacent second layers. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, And a drainage channel configured to direct water from the support side of the wall to the dredging side of the wall. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, The plurality of band reinforcements are divided into inserts inserted into at least one block, and free portions connected to interact with the inserts, arranged to be fixed in a position substantially perpendicular to the wall during backfilling and compaction. Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, Reinforcing soil retaining wall system to form a lower portion of the mixed wall, wherein the mixed wall is divided into the upper portion and the lower portion at the transition depth. The method of claim 16, Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that the upper portion of the mixed wall is a gravity retaining wall. The method according to claim 16 or 17, Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, further comprising a reinforcement earth barrier that is aligned at a transition depth on the same plane as a top layer of blocks forming the bottom of the mixed wall. The method of claim 18, The reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that the reinforced soil barrier is a concrete slab. A method of constructing a reinforced earth retaining wall system, the system comprising a plurality of blocks arranged in layers based on a substrate to form a wall, wherein the walls are efficiently connected to at least some of the plurality of blocks arranged in layers. It is settled by backfilling and compacting the soil on the strip-shaped reinforcement of  a) providing a level surface for arranging the block layers, each block defining a height of the block from the front surface, the back surface, the top surface, and the top surface spaced apart by a distance defining the depth of the block from the front surface; A passage extending through at least a portion of a bottom surface spaced apart from each other by a distance that is spaced apart from each other by a distance defining the width of the block, and at least a portion of the height of the block and ending at a first opening of the bottom surface; The passageway and the first opening are configured to receive a first portion of the length of the strip reinforcement; b) a first portion of the length of the strip stiffener is received in the passageway of the block, and a second portion of the length of the strip stiffener is arranged coplanar with the top or bottom surface of the block, Inserting a strip-shaped reinforcement into the layered block such that a third portion of the length of the strip-shaped reinforcement extends outwardly arranged from the rear surface of the block; c) placing the block and the inserted strip reinforcement on the level surface such that the back side of the block and the third portion of the strip reinforcement face the soil side supported by the wall; d) repeating steps a) to c) until the required height of the retaining wall is achieved; And e) fixing the third portion of the strip-shaped reinforcement by backfilling and compacting a substantial amount of soil behind the back of the block. The method of claim 20, The step e) is the construction method of the reinforced earth retaining wall system, characterized in that is performed after step c) after each layer is completed. The method of claim 20 or 21, As a mortar-free construction, each block further comprises a guide groove extending from the first opening along the upper surface or the bottom surface of the block and ending at the rear surface of the block, the guide groove being the second of the strip-shaped reinforcement. Construction method of a reinforced earth retaining wall system, characterized in that configured to receive the portion. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 22, And the third portion of the strip-shaped reinforcement is arranged in alignment with the top surface or the bottom surface just before step e). The method according to any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein The passage extends from the first opening provided in the bottom surface of the block to the second opening provided in the upper surface of the block to the maximum height of the block, and step b) includes the fourth portion of the strip-shaped reinforcement. And inserting a strip-shaped reinforcement through a passage from the first opening to the second opening so as to extend outwardly from the rear surface of the block. The method of claim 24, The step e) further comprises the step of fixing the position of the fourth portion of the belt-shaped reinforcement by backfilling and compacting a predetermined amount of soil behind the back of the block. The method of claim 25, And said fourth portion is arranged in alignment with substantially the same plane as said top or bottom surface of said block away from said wall just prior to backfilling and compaction. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 26, The passageway is a cavity extending from the bottom surface to the top surface, the method further comprising filling the cavity with a predetermined amount of ballast after each block or layer of blocks has been placed. Construction method. The method of claim 27, The ballast is a construction method of the reinforced earth retaining wall system, characterized in that the aggregate for drainage. The method of claim 27, And the ballast is impermeable to the reinforced soil retaining wall system. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 29, wherein And installing one or more shear pins to prevent the first layer from slipping over the adjacent second layer. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 30, A plurality of strip stiffeners may be inserted into the at least one block in step b), and substantially parallel to the wall during step e) while interconnecting with the insert and extending outwardly from the back of the block and backfilling The construction method of the reinforced earth retaining wall system, characterized in that divided into free sections arranged to be fixed in a vertical position. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 31, Wherein the reinforcement retaining wall forms a bottom of the mixed wall, the mixed wall is divided into a top and a bottom at a transition depth, and the method further comprises constructing a gravity or cantilevered retaining wall that forms the top of the mixed wall. Reinforced soil retaining wall construction method characterized in that. 33. The method of claim 32, And installing a reinforcing soil barrier at the transition depth aligned with the top block layer forming the lower portion of the mixed wall. The method of claim 33, wherein The step of installing the reinforced earth barrier is a method of construction of a reinforced earth retaining wall system, characterized in that it comprises the step of placing a concrete slab. 20. A block used for the construction of a reinforced earth retaining wall system according to any of claims 1-19. A strip-shaped reinforcement for use in the construction of a reinforced earth retaining wall system according to any one of claims 1 to 19. A plurality of blocks layered on a substrate to form a wall having a dredging side and a supporting side, each of the blocks having a front surface facing the dredging side of the wall and a distance defining a depth of the block from the front surface A back surface spaced apart and facing toward the support side of the wall, a bottom surface spaced apart from the top surface by a distance defining a height of the block, and opposite sides spaced apart from each other by a distance defining a width of the block ; A plurality of first reinforcement sections for anchoring the wall to a backfill and arranged between adjacent layers of the wall and extending outwardly from the back of the blocks to the support side of the wall; And A plurality of second stabilized backfilled and compacted soil on the support side of the wall, spaced apart from the first reinforcement sections and arranged to extend substantially perpendicular to the wall during backfilling and compacting operations A reinforcement earth retaining wall system comprising reinforcement sections. The method of claim 37, The plurality of second reinforcement sections are reinforced earth retaining wall system, characterized in that spaced apart from the back of the wall. The method of claim 37 or 38, Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that any one or all of the plurality of first or second reinforcement section is elastically flexible. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 38, And the wall has a predetermined height, and the plurality of second reinforcement sections have a length corresponding to at least 60% of the wall height. The method of claim 40, And the wall has a predetermined height, and the plurality of second reinforcement sections have a length corresponding to at least 70% of the wall height. The method of claim 41, wherein And the wall has a predetermined height, and the plurality of second reinforcement sections have a length corresponding to at least 80% of the wall height. The method of claim 37 or 38, And the plurality of second reinforcement sections have a length extending at least through the anticipated surface of the backfill fracture. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 43, Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that any one or all of the plurality of first or second reinforcement sections are planar. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 43, Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that any one or both of the plurality of first or second reinforcement sections are geomesh (geomesh). The method according to any one of claims 37 to 43, Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that any one or all of the plurality of first or second reinforcement section is in the form of a long strip. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 46, Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that the plurality of first or second reinforcement sections are arranged on the same plane horizontally to each other. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 46, The plurality of first stiffener sections are arranged in a first layer and the plurality of second stiffener sections are arranged in a second layer spaced apart from the first layer. 49. The compound of any one of claims 37-48, Any one or both of the plurality of first or second reinforcement sections is arranged in alignment with the top surface or bottom surface of at least one of the plurality of blocks just before the back filling and compaction Reinforced soil retaining wall system. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 49, The blocks further comprise one or more cavities extending from the bottom surface to the top surface, wherein the cavities are configured to receive a significant ballast. 51. The method of claim 50, The ballast is reinforced soil retaining wall system, characterized in that the aggregate for drainage. The method of claim 51, Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that the ballast is impermeable. The method of any one of claims 37-52, Reinforcement earth retaining wall system further comprising one or more sheer pins to prevent the first layer from sliding over an adjacent second layer. The method of any one of claims 37-53, wherein Reinforcing soil retaining wall system, characterized in that it further comprises a drainage channel configured to guide the moisture of the support side of the wall to the dredging side. The method of any one of claims 37-54, Reinforcing soil retaining wall system, characterized in that it forms a lower portion of the mixed wall, the mixed wall is divided into upper and lower at the transition depth. The method of claim 55, The upper portion is a reinforced soil retaining wall system, characterized in that the gravity retaining wall. The method of claim 55 or 56, wherein Reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that it further comprises a reinforcement soil barrier aligned generally coplanar with the top layer of blocks forming the bottom of the mixed wall and located at the transition depth. The method of claim 57, The reinforcement earth retaining wall system, characterized in that the reinforced soil barrier is a concrete slab. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 58, Reinforced soil retaining wall system, characterized in that the first reinforcement section is fixed between adjacent block layers using a mortar. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 58, And the plurality of first stiffener sections are fixed between adjacent layers of the blocks by gravity under the load of the blocks constituting the adjacent layers. A method of constructing a reinforced earth retaining wall system comprising a plurality of blocks arranged in layers on a substrate to form a wall, a) providing a level surface for arranging a layer of blocks, each of the blocks having a front surface, a rear surface spaced from the front surface by a distance defining a depth of the block, a top surface, and a height of the block from the top surface A bottom surface spaced apart by a distance defining a, and opposing surfaces spaced apart from each other by a distance defining a width of the block; b) a plurality of first stiffener sections arranged outwardly extending from the rear of the blocks to the support side of the wall to anchor the wall to backfill between both layers adjacent to the wall while arranging each layer of the blocks; Arranging them; c) stacking each subsequent layer up to the required retaining wall height; d) arranging a plurality of second stiffener sections spaced apart from the plurality of first stiffener sections and arranged to extend substantially perpendicular to the wall during the step e); And e) backfilling and compacting a predetermined amount of soil behind the back of the blocks to settle the plurality of first and second reinforcement sections. 62. The method of claim 61, and e) step is performed after step b) and before step c). 63. The method of claim 61 or 62, And the plurality of second reinforcement sections are arranged during step e) to be spaced apart from the rear surface of the wall. 64. The method of any of claims 61-63, And the plurality of first and second reinforcement sections are arranged horizontally aligned on the same plane with respect to each other. 64. The method of any of claims 61-63, The plurality of first stiffener sections are arranged in a first layer and the plurality of second stiffener sections are arranged in a second layer spaced apart from the first layer. The method of any one of claims 61-65, Reinforcement earth retaining wall, characterized in that any one or both of the first or second reinforcement section is arranged in the same plane and aligned with the top or bottom surface of at least one of the plurality of blocks just before the backfilling and compacting operation How to build the system. 67. The method of any of claims 61-66, The blocks further comprise one or more cavities extending from the bottom surface to the top surface, the cavities configured to receive a predetermined amount of ballast, the method comprising the cavity after each block or layer of blocks is assembled The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of filling a predetermined amount of ballast. The method of claim 67, The ballast is reinforced soil retaining wall system construction method, characterized in that the aggregate for drainage. The method of claim 67, Reinforcing soil retaining wall system construction method characterized in that the ballast is impermeable. 70. The method of any of claims 61-69, And installing one or more sheer pins to prevent the first layer from slipping in the adjacent second layer. The method of any one of claims 61-70, The reinforcement retaining wall forms a lower portion of the mixed wall, the mixed wall is divided into upper and lower portions at a transition depth, and the method further includes constructing a gravity or cantilevered retaining wall that forms an upper portion of the mixed wall. Reinforcement earth retaining wall system construction method characterized in that. The method of claim 71, wherein And arranging a reinforcement soil barrier at the transition depth generally aligned on the same plane as the uppermost block layer forming the lower portion of the mixed wall. The method of claim 72, The step of installing the reinforcement soil barrier is reinforced concrete retaining wall system construction method comprising the step of placing a concrete slab. The method of claim 61, wherein Reinforced soil retaining wall system construction method characterized in that the plurality of first reinforcement sections are fixed between adjacent layers using a mortar. The method of claim 61, wherein And the plurality of first reinforcement sections are fixed by gravity under load of the blocks forming adjacent layers. 20. Block used for building the reinforced earth retaining wall system according to any one of claims 1 to 19. A strip-shaped reinforcement for use in constructing a reinforced earth retaining wall system according to any one of claims 1 to 19. A substantial reinforcement retaining wall system described and illustrated herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. A method of constructing a substantial reinforcement retaining wall system described and illustrated herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. Blocks used for the construction of a substantial reinforcement retaining wall system described and illustrated herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. A strip shaped reinforcement for use in the construction of a substantial reinforcement retaining wall system described and illustrated herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.

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