WO1996032439A1 - Munitions friables sans plomb - Google Patents

Munitions friables sans plomb Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1996032439A1
WO1996032439A1 PCT/US1996/004933 US9604933W WO9632439A1 WO 1996032439 A1 WO1996032439 A1 WO 1996032439A1 US 9604933 W US9604933 W US 9604933W WO 9632439 A1 WO9632439 A1 WO 9632439A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ammunition
weight
polyester
polyester resin
weight percent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/004933
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John F. Mullins
Harley L. West
Original Assignee
Longbow, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Longbow, Inc. filed Critical Longbow, Inc.
Priority to AU53891/96A priority Critical patent/AU5389196A/en
Publication of WO1996032439A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996032439A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F42B12/745—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body the core being made of plastics; Compounds or blends of plastics and other materials, e.g. fillers

Definitions

  • the invention described herein pertains generally to lead-free, frangible
  • the present invention relates to low cost practice ammunition having a bullet composed of a high percentage of metal powder dispersed within a polyester matrix.
  • the bullet made in accordance with the present invention can be loaded in ammunition having an ordinary brass casing using commercially available lead-free primers.
  • World Intellectual Property Organization Publication 88-09476 describes a bullet comprised of a matrix of plastics having a water absorption factor similar to or greater than that of nylon- 11 and containing a filler to raise the specific gravity to 3-7.
  • the preferred plastic material was nylon-6 or nylon-6,6 and the filler material was a finely divided metal, preferably a mixture of copper, bronze or tungsten.
  • U.S. Patent 5,237,930 to Belanger et al. proposes an ammunition comprising a compacted mixture of fine copper powder and a thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of nylon- 1 1 and nylon-12.
  • the mixture which is compacted by injection molding, has at least 90% by weight of copper and a minimum specific gravity of 5.7.
  • a lead-free ammunition round which may be freely used at firing ranges and galleries.
  • carrier and “ammunition” are used interchangeably to refer to a complete unit consisting of the brass, case, primer, propellant powder and bullet.
  • bullet most often refers to a solid, single projectile used in a rifle or handgun. However, for purposes of this application, the terms “bullet” or “projectile” may also refer to the pellets or solid slugs contained in the load of shotgun cartridge.
  • the present invention in its preferred embodiment, is a frangible projectile comprising a polyester matrix containing a high percentage of high density powder dispersed throughout.
  • the preferred high density powder is copper, though compositions of the present invention may utilize one or more of tungsten, bismuth, ceramic, stainless steel or other high density metal powders in addition to or instead of the preferred copper powder.
  • the resulting compounds are capable of injection molding under pressure in multiple cavity molds to produce projectiles in virtually any caliber.
  • a frangible practice bullet comprising: a polyester resin matrix; a powder consisting of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of copper, tungsten, ceramic, bismuth, stainless steel or bronze, the powder present in an amount of at least 85% by weight and dispersed throughout the polyester matrix.
  • the bullets of the present invention are made of from 85% to 93% by weight of copper, tungsten, ceramic, bismuth, stainless steel or bronze, or blends/alloys of the identified materials, the powder present in a polyester matrix with a small amount of ionomer.
  • the bullets are injection molded under pressure to produce a projectile of appropriate size and weight and comparable to similarly sized live ammunition.
  • the consistency of the bullet is such that it is frangible and will break upon impact with any hard surface, such as sheet steel.
  • Polyester is a preferred polymeric matrix material in that it is a far more dense polymer than those used in the prior art attempts discussed previously.
  • the specific gravity of polyesters is - 1.30, as compared with - 1.02 for nylons. This enables the fabrication of a bullet with a greatly increased weight, for while the copper/polymer ratio remains at approximately the 90/10 range, the increased density allows for more actual copper by weight.
  • Polyester is superior to nylon additionally because of its higher crystallinity and higher melt temperatures. In practice, this means that the polyester/copper mix will exhibit a better quality of frangibility than will nylon/copper. This characteristic has however in the past, precluded loading mixtures of metal/polyester to no more than a 65/35 ratio, far less than that which would be desirable for the application of polyester to frangible bullet technology. Metal ratios higher than this have made the resulting product far too frangible, causing it to fragment in the loading process.
  • the addition of small quantities of ionomer resin, e.g., about one (1 ) percent Surlyn ⁇ , manufactured by E.I. duPont de Nemours, to the polyester has the effect of impact- modifying the mixture and reducing the excessive frangibility noted with polyester alone. The addition of ionomer has enabled the achievement of 90/10 copper/polyester ratios of the current invention.
  • Ionomer resins are copolymers of ethylene and a vinyl monomer with an acid group, such as methacrylic acid. They are crosslinked polymers in which the linkages are ionic as well as covalent bonds. They contain positively and negatively charged groups which are not associated with each other, and this polar character makes these resins unique, particularly due to their carboxylic acid salts present in the resin, the metallic counter ion being for example, sodium or zinc.
  • the ionic interchain forces clustered between the long-chain molecules of the polymer structure give ionomer resins solid state properties normally associated with a crosslinked structure. However, these polymers are processed at conventional temperatures in standard injection molding and extrusion equipment like other thermoplastic resins. Ionomer properties vary with the proportion of carboxylic acid, and the amount and type of metallic ion.
  • the thermoplastic is produced as a granular material which is flexible, transparent, grease-resistant, very light-weight, yet tough.
  • the Izod impact strength is 5.7 - 14.6 ft-lb/in., which is higher than any other polyolefin. It additionally has a tensile strength of 3,500 - 5,500 psi, elongation of 300-400%, softening point of approximately 160 ⁇ F, is insoluble in any commercial solvent, exhibits slow swelling by exposure to hydrocarbons and is only slowly attached by thermoforming.
  • the polyester binder, ionomer and metal powder are mixed in a high intensity ribbon mixer, dried to a relative humidity of less than 0.25% and the resulting mixture extruded into a homogeneous compound. The result is then pelletized before being injection molded into the final form. The compound is molded at a temperature of 550°F to 570°F. Injection pressures are in excess of 20,000 psi. Using this procedure has resulted in the successful manufacture of a 9mm bullet with a weight of 105 grains, or 23% more weight than the bullets cited as the maximum weight possible in the Belanger patent.
  • polyester which exhibits superior repeatability characteristics when compared to nylon, enables closer tolerances in the manufacturing process when compared to nylon, a critical point in ballistics.
  • Polyesters which have been used by the inventors in the fabrication of bullets have included polyalkylene terephthalates and aromatic homopolyesters.
  • Polyalkylene terephthalate compounds would include those such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • Polybutylene terephthalate offers a range of performance characteristics such as good mechanical strength and toughness, broad chemical resistance, lubricity and wear resistance in addition to good surface appearance.
  • PBT has a rapid crystallization rate which, when coupled with its good mold flow, results in very short molding cycles.
  • PBT has a specific gravity of between 1.34 and 1.38, thereby offering good loading capabilities necessary to achieve the density of the present invention.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate has good strength, toughness, clarity, and resists weal acids, bases, and many other solvents. It also has the advantage of being readily available at low cost, due to the recycling of large quantities of this material from the beverage bottle industry. At a specific gravity of between 1 .34 and 1.39, this material offers similar loading capabilities to that of PBT.
  • Thermoplastic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate are produced by the polyesterification reaction between a single glycol and a single dibasic acid.
  • a copolyester for which the synthesis thereof would include more than one glycol and/or more than one dibasic acid.
  • the copolyester chain is less regular than the monopolyester chain and therefore has a reduced tendency to crystallize.
  • copolyesters examples include PCTA copolyesters, a polymer of cyclohexanedimethanol and terephthalic with another acid substituted for a portion of the terephthalic acid that would otherwise have been required and PETG copolyesters, a glycol-modified PET.
  • Aromatic homopolyesters commercially available under the tradename EKONOL (Carborundum Corp.), is a homopolyester of repeating p-oxybenzoate units. This linear polymer exhibits a high degree of crystallinity and does not melt below its decomposition temperature of 450°C This makes it particularly applicable for use in bullets that will be normally fired from automatic weapons, where the firing process itself causes high barrel temperatures which tend to degrade bullets made of nylon in particular.
  • This homopolyester can also be blended up to 25% with PTFE, i.e., Teflon® or tetrafluoroethylene, as an organic wear additive, once again making it useful for weapons through which high numbers of rounds will be fired. Specific gravities are similar to those of PBT and PET.
  • thermoset polyesters such as alkyd polyesters
  • Thermosets would appear to have a place in the fabrication of bullets having an outer shell of such material, and filled with other compounds such as bismuth.
  • Alky resins are the reaction product of a dihydric or polyhydric alcohol (e , ethylene glycol or glycerol) and a polybasic acid (e.g., phthalic anhydride) in the presence of a drying oil (e.g., linseed, soybean) which acts as a modifier.
  • Alkyds are actually a type of polyester resin, which has a similar derivation, but is not oil-modified Alkyd resins may be produced by direct fusion of glycerol, phthalic anhydride and drying oil at from 10r450°F. Solvents are then added to adjust the solids content. The amount of drying oil varies depending upon the intended use.
  • this invention relates to polyesters, which are made from: ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acids forming essentially linear polyesters having repeating units of -C(O)-(CH 2 ) x -O-; diols with dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives forming essentially linear polyesters having repeating units of -C(O)-(CH 2 ) x -C(O)- (CH 2 ) y -O-; triols or polyols with dicarboxylic acids or polycarboxylic acids and derivatives thereof to form branched and crosslinked polyesters.
  • a polyester-based bullet was fabricated in the following manner. Micro-pulverized copper powder (90% by weight) was mixed with polyethylene terephthalate (9% by weight) and Surlyn® ionomer resin (1 % by weight) in a high intensity ribbon mixer. The mixture was dried to a relative humidity of approximately 0.2% and extruded into a homogeneous compound. The mixture was then pelletized. A Van Dorn 150 ton machine, set for 25,000 psi and a molding
  • Prior Art # 1 is practice ammunition purchased from SNC Industrial Technologies and believed to be manufactured according to U.S. Patent 5,237,930.
  • Prior Art #2 represents practice ammunition originating from Delta (thought to be a U.S. subsidiary of OTEC Services, Ltd., England) and believed to manufactured utilizing Nylon 6 or 66
  • the results for Nylon 1 1 were achieved using 1 ,450 feet per second (FPS) while the results for Nylon 6 were achieved using 1 ,400 FPS, the velocity measurements being derived from usin an elapsed time meter (chronograph) and skyscreens.
  • the Polyester data was generated at 1 , 125 FPS and the Standard at an average of between 1 ,050 and 1 , 150 FPS.
  • the lower velocity is an advantage in two areas First, it is easier to achieve standard improvements in accuracy.
  • the inventors have found that the higher the velocity, the greater the decrease in accuracy for bullets with slight imperfections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des munitions friables sans plomb, les balles étant constituées de 85 à 93 % en poids de poudres de cuivre, de tungstène, de céramique, de bismuth, d'acier inoxydable ou de bronze, ou de mélanges/alliages desdites matières, la poudre étant présente dans une matrice polyester à faible teneur en ionomère. Les balles sont moulées par injection sous pression de sorte qu'un projectile de taille et de poids appropriés soit produit, comparable à des munitions chargées de taille similaire. La compacité de la balle est conçue pour que celle-ci soit friable et qu'elle vole en éclat lorsqu'elle entre en contact avec n'importe quelle surface dure telle qu'une tôle d'acier. Le polyester est de préférence une matrice polymère car il est nettement plus dense que les nylons utilisés auparavant. Le poids spécifique des polyesters et d'environ 1,30 alors que celui des nylons est d'environ 1,02. Ainsi, il est possible de fabriquer une balle de poids nettement accru, le rapport cuivre/polymère restant à environ 90/10 et la densité accrue permettant d'augmenter le pourcentage en poids de cuivre effectif.
PCT/US1996/004933 1995-04-14 1996-04-09 Munitions friables sans plomb WO1996032439A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU53891/96A AU5389196A (en) 1995-04-14 1996-04-09 Lead-free frangible ammunition

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/423,660 US5616642A (en) 1995-04-14 1995-04-14 Lead-free frangible ammunition
US08/423,660 1995-04-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996032439A1 true WO1996032439A1 (fr) 1996-10-17

Family

ID=23679728

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1996/004933 WO1996032439A1 (fr) 1995-04-14 1996-04-09 Munitions friables sans plomb

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5616642A (fr)
AU (1) AU5389196A (fr)
WO (1) WO1996032439A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998020294A3 (fr) * 1996-11-06 2002-10-24 John E Brown Dispositifs et procedes de sport a haute densite
US7157140B1 (en) 2004-03-03 2007-01-02 Rtp Company Malleable composites and methods of making and using the same
WO2017127301A1 (fr) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-27 Sloff Michael Balle comprenant un mélange compacté de poudre de cuivre

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USD894320S1 (en) 2019-03-21 2020-08-25 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Ammunition Cartridge
AU2020340203A1 (en) 2019-07-16 2022-03-03 True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc Polymer ammunition having an alignment aid, cartridge and method of making the same

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