WO1996025018A1 - Dispositif a microphones - Google Patents

Dispositif a microphones Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996025018A1
WO1996025018A1 PCT/JP1996/000292 JP9600292W WO9625018A1 WO 1996025018 A1 WO1996025018 A1 WO 1996025018A1 JP 9600292 W JP9600292 W JP 9600292W WO 9625018 A1 WO9625018 A1 WO 9625018A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microphone
sound
directivity
elements
unidirectional
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1996/000292
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masashi Ohkubo
Toru Sasaki
Original Assignee
Sony Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sony Corporation filed Critical Sony Corporation
Publication of WO1996025018A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996025018A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microphone device for improving directivity with respect to a sound source, and more particularly, to a car navigation system in which various command signals are input using voice.
  • Microphone device useful for voice input means of voice recognition devices used in systems, convenience stores, etc. “Pokoseki” 5-to o Background technology Generally, to collect sound emitted from a sound source Microphone devices used for various purposes are required to have various directivities depending on the purpose of use.
  • conventional microphone devices are either omnidirectional, which has a fixed sensitivity to sound sources located in any direction, or have directivity, which has a fixed sensitivity to sound sources located in a certain direction. Some have.
  • the sensitivity in the main axis direction of the microphone unit is set to 1 and the direction orthogonal to the main axis is set.
  • a unidirectional microphone device having a sensitivity of 0.5
  • a superdirective microphone device having a sensitivity of 0.5 or less in a direction orthogonal to the main axis of the microphone unit.
  • one end of a cylindrical acoustic tube having a perforated slit for perforation on its peripheral surface is attached to one end of a main axis in a direction directing in the axial direction of the acoustic tube.
  • a so-called shotgun-type microphone device which is a unidirectional microphone device with a microphone unit attached to it, and a secondary device in which two unidirectional microphone units are linearly arranged in the main axis direction.
  • a sound pressure gradient type microphone device is known.
  • the so-called shotgun microphone device described above mainly exhibits super-directivity in the high frequency range, whereas the secondary sound pressure gradient type microphone device mainly exhibits super-directivity in the low frequency range.
  • microphones used for voice input means of voice recognition systems used in force navigation systems and convenience stores, where various command signals are input using voice, are subject to voice recognition. Since it is used for the purpose of collecting only the voice of the person who becomes the target, sharp directivity is required in the midrange.
  • the conventionally used unidirectional microphone device is susceptible to noise from side directions other than the direction in which the main axis of the microphone unit is directed. Is not suitable. In other words, sounds other than the sound that should be collected are collected, so that accurate command signals cannot be obtained.
  • An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of conventional microphone devices and to provide a microphone device useful as a voice input unit of a voice recognition device.
  • Another object of the present invention is to realize a sharp directivity in a middle frequency range required for input means of a voice recognition device, to have high sensitivity to a voice input from the front, and to extremely reduce a noise component input from a side.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a microphone mouth phone device that realizes less sound collection.
  • the microphone opening microphone device proposed to achieve the above-described object is arranged in a substantially single horizontal plane, is substantially equidistant from the sound source, and is substantially equal to the sound source. It comprises at least three directional microphone elements arranged at intervals and an adder for adding output signals from each microphone element.
  • each microphone element is arranged in a single plane parallel to the diaphragm of each microphone element.
  • a unidirectional microphone element is used for each microphone element.
  • the microphone device has at least three microphone elements, each microphone element being disposed at a predetermined distance in a direction orthogonal to the main axis of directivity, and a microphone element provided with each microphone element. And an adder for adding the output signal.
  • each microphone The mouthpiece elements are each composed of a unidirectional microphone element, and the sound collection surfaces face the same direction with respect to the sound source, and are arranged at substantially equal intervals.
  • the microphone device includes a single microphone element and at least three sound guide paths for guiding sounds having equal lengths and coming from the outside to the microphone element.
  • the openings at one end of each of the three sound guides are arranged so that the distances from the sound source are equal to each other and form a single horizontal plane. It is opposed to a microphone element.
  • the openings at one end of each of the three sound guide paths are arranged so as to form a plane substantially perpendicular to the single horizontal plane.
  • an omnidirectional microphone element is used as the microphone element.
  • the microphone element may be a unidirectional microphone element.
  • a sound guide section provided with three sound guide paths may be provided on the front surface of the microphone element in the sound collection plane direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a microphone device according to the present invention ⁇ >.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing the positional relationship between the microphone units and the directivities in the microphone device.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example in which the microphone device according to the present invention is applied to a voice input unit of a voice recognition device used in a force navigation system.
  • FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the directivity index frequency characteristics of the microphone device shown in FIG. 1 together with the directivity index frequency characteristics of the kauc and secondary sound pressure gradient microphone devices.
  • Fig. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the directional frequency characteristics when the distance between the microphone units in the microphone device is set to 3 cm.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph showing the distance between the microphone units in the microphone device when the distance between the microphone units is 6 cm.
  • FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the directional frequency characteristics when the distance is set to 12 cm.
  • FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the directional frequency characteristics when the interval between the microphone units in the microphone device is set to 12 cm. .
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing another configuration of the microphone device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing directivity frequency characteristics when the interval between each microphone unit in the microphone device shown in FIG. 8 is 6 cm.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing still another configuration of the microphone device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing still another configuration of the microphone device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 shows still another configuration of the microphone device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a principal part showing still another configuration of the microphone device according to the present invention.
  • the microphone device includes three microphone unit 1, 2, 3 and a combiner 4 for adding and combining the outputs from these microphone units 1 : 2, 3. And
  • each of the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 has a single directivity.
  • the microunits 1, 2, 3 are arranged at equal intervals D in a direction orthogonal to the main axis of the directivity direction.
  • the interval D between the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 is set, for example, in a range of about 3 cm to 12 cm.
  • the distance D between the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 is appropriately selected according to the size of the microphone unit used and the sound source to be collected, and is not limited to the above range.
  • the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 are arranged in parallel so that the main axes are located in a single horizontal plane.
  • the diaphragm of each microphone element constituting each microphone unit is arranged so as to be located in a single plane parallel to the plane of these diaphragms.
  • the signal synthesizer 4 is a so-called wired addition and summation that directly connects the signal lines to which the outputs of the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 are supplied. A generator is used.
  • the signal synthesizer 4 may be one that performs signal synthesis via an amplifier. Then, from the signal combiner 4, the outputs of the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 are combined and output.
  • the microphone device of the present embodiment is mounted on an automobile that receives a reference signal from a satellite, indicates a current position on a map displayed on a display screen, and guides a traveling direction. It is applied to the voice input means of the voice recognition device used in the used car navigation system.
  • the microphone device is provided with a long housing 51 having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape, and each of the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 is provided in the housing 51.
  • the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 are mounted so that the principal axes of directivity of the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 are parallel to each other, with the sound-collecting surface on which the diaphragms constituting each microphone element are located facing the front side.
  • the intervals D i, D 2 between the microphone units 1, 2, 3 are set to 55 mm.
  • the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 are arranged in parallel so that the principal axes of the directions are located in a single horizontal plane.
  • Each of the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 is It is mounted via a printed wiring board provided in the housing 51.
  • a combiner 4 is provided on the printed wiring board, and each of the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 is connected to the combiner 4 via a wiring pattern of the printed wiring board, and each output is connected to the combiner 4. 4 is added and synthesized.
  • each microphone unit 1, 2, 3 is arranged in the housing 51 such that the diaphragm of each microphone element is located in a single plane parallel to the plane of these diaphragms. That is, each micro The phone units 1, 2, and 3 are arranged in the housing 51 so that the positions in the front-back direction of the main shaft direction are matched.
  • each of the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 can reliably collect sound that enters only these microphone units 1, 2, and 3. it can.
  • a lead wire 53 for taking out the output from the synthesizer 4 to the outside is drawn out on one side surface of the housing 51.
  • This microphone device is configured to be applied to a voice input means of a voice recognition device used in a car navigation system mounted on a vehicle and used when installed in a vehicle. It is constructed so that the sound generated by the driver can be reliably collected and installed at a position where it will not interfere with driving.
  • the sunpiser is mounted on the rear side of the housing 51 so that it can be mounted on the surface of a sunshade for light shielding disposed above a driver's seat in an automobile or on a dashboard.
  • Mounting means such as a clip to be gripped and hook-and-loop fasteners are provided.
  • the microphone unit 1 since the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 are arranged in the housing 51 so that the positions in the front-back direction of the main shaft direction are matched, the microphone unit 1 does not protrude partly. It can be arranged along the surface of a mounting member such as a zigzag. According to Thus, even when the microphone device is placed in a car, the microphone device can be installed with sufficient danger avoidance without hindering the driving of the driver.
  • the microphone units 1, 2, and 3 are housed in the housing 51 whose back side is closed to form a microphone device, the incidence of sound from the back side is restricted. Not only a unidirectional microphone unit but also a bidirectional microphone unit may be used.
  • FIG. 4 shows the directivity index and frequency characteristic A of the microphone device of the present embodiment calculated based on the frequency characteristics of the omnidirectional microphone device, together with the above-described shotgun type microphone device.
  • the directional index frequency characteristic B and the directional index frequency characteristic C of the secondary sound pressure gradient microphone device are shown.
  • Directivity f 4n D 2 ( ⁇ ) ⁇
  • the microphone device of this embodiment and the shotgun type microphone device are: The directivity index in the low range, that is, the directivity is as sharp as a unidirectional microphone, but it exhibits sharp directivity in the midrange.
  • the secondary sound pressure gradient microphone device has a sharp directivity in the middle and low frequencies. Further, the microphone device of the present embodiment exhibits sharp directivity in a high frequency range as compared with the shotgun type microphone device and the secondary sound pressure gradient type microphone mouth phone device.
  • the microphone device of the present embodiment since the outputs of the respective microphone units 1, 2, and 3 are added and synthesized by the synthesizer 4, the sound waves input to the respective microphone units 1, 2, and 3 are added.
  • the corresponding output adds the in-phase component and cancels the out-of-phase component, and exhibits super-directivity at a frequency that depends on the interval D of each microphone unit 1: 2,3.
  • D 3 cm
  • D 6 cm
  • the principal axis direction is 0 beta
  • a frequency characteristics or directivity frequency characteristics for 4 0 ° direction and 9 0 ° direction relative to the main axis there is shown a frequency characteristics or directivity frequency characteristics for 4 0 ° direction and 9 0 ° direction relative to the main axis.
  • the microphone device according to the present invention is, for example, as shown in FIG. From the four microphone units 11 1, 1 2, 13, and 14 and the combiner 15 that adds and combines the outputs of the microphone unit 11, 1, 12, 13, and 14. It may be configured.
  • the microphone units 11, 12, 13, and 14 having unidirectionality are used.
  • the microphone units 11, 12, 13, 14 are arranged at equal intervals in the direction orthogonal to the main axis of the directivity direction, for example, at intervals of 6 cm.
  • the interval between these microphone units 11, 12, and 13 is appropriately selected according to the size of the microphone unit used and the sound source to be collected.
  • the microphone units 11, 12, and 13 are arranged in parallel so that the main axes are located in a single horizontal plane.
  • a directional frequency characteristic as shown in FIG. 9 is obtained, and by increasing the number of microphone units arranged side by side, the directivity in a high frequency range becomes sharp.
  • a plurality of unidirectional microphone units are juxtaposed at a predetermined distance from each other in the direction perpendicular to the main axis of the directivity, and the outputs of the respective microunits are added and combined by a combiner to produce an output signal.
  • a microphone-phone device having a sharp directivity in the mid-range, which is the main component of human speech.
  • the plurality of microphone units are arranged such that the diaphragms of the microphone elements constituting these microphone units are located in a single plane parallel to the plane of the diaphragms.
  • three or four microphone units 41, 42, 43 are located at the same distance R! You may make it arrange
  • the plurality of microphone units are arranged at equal intervals, but the intervals between the microphone units may be shifted within a range of about 1 to 1.2. That is, the deviation of the interval in the range of about 1 to 1.2 with respect to the wavelength of the human voice is within the error range for the directivity, and has no practical problem and hinders the object of the present invention. Not something.
  • a plurality of, for example, three microphone units 61, 62 and 63 are arranged vertically with respect to a horizontal plane P when viewed from the front in the arrangement direction. Even if there is a deviation of about 61, 62, or 63 in diameter, it is within an error range for the directivity, and there is no practical problem and does not hinder the object of the present invention.
  • the interval between each microphone unit is set as a voice input device of a voice recognition device used in a car navigation system. It is desirable to widen the range of directivity as compared with the case where it is used. This is because when using the personal convenience, the head movement of the user becomes large. When this microphone device is used in a car navigation system, the movement of the driver is restricted, so reducing the interval between the microphone units improves the sound collection characteristics while improving the directivity. This is advantageous.
  • This microphone device can be configured as shown in FIG.
  • three sound tubes 21, 22, and 23 are formed with an opening at one end side, and the openings are used as sound introduction ports 21 A, 22 A, and 23 A. It is composed of a director 20 connected at the output port on the other end side, and a microphone port 25 provided at the output port 2OA of the director 20. You.
  • Each sound tube 21, 22, 23 is positioned so that each sound inlet 21 A, 22 A, 23 A is located at a predetermined distance from each other in the direction perpendicular to the main axis of directivity. It is bent. Then, the director 20 mixes each sound wave incident from each of the sound wave inlets 21 A, 22 A, and 23 A at the connection portion 24 of each sound tube 21, 22, 23. Incident on the microphone unit 25. That is, each of the acoustic tubes 21, 22: 23 has a sound inlet 21 A, 22 A, and 23 A at a predetermined distance from each other in a direction perpendicular to the main axis of directivity. A sound passage portion for guiding each sound wave introduced from each sound wave introduction port 21A, 22A, 23A to the connection portion 24 is formed, and the connection portion 24 and the mixing portion for mixing each sound wave are formed. And ifes tfe "9.
  • each sound inlet 21 A, 22 A, 23 A waves are arranged so that they are located on almost the same line or on a single circle around the sound source.
  • the in-phase components are added by mixing each sound wave incident from each sound wave introduction port 21 A, 22 A, and 23 A in the director 20.
  • each of the sound wave introduction ports 21 A, 22 A, and 23 A exhibits super-directivity at a frequency dependent on the distance D between the ports.
  • a single microphone unit 25 can achieve sharp directionality in the sound range, and is highly sensitive to voice input from the front and has very little noise from the side.
  • an omnidirectional microphone unit it also has sensitivity to waves from the back side and has a directional figure of eight, but this microphone device is used in a car navigation system installed in an automobile.
  • the back side When used as a voice input means of a voice recognition device used in a computer system, the back side is substantially closed and almost no sound is incident from the back side, so that the object can be sufficiently achieved.
  • the impedance of the acoustic tubes 21, 22, and 23 is higher than that of the microphone unit 25. 22
  • the back of the microphone unit 25 to match the impedance of 2 and 23 It is desirable to adjust the impedance by closing the side.
  • the microphone unit 25 has the same characteristics as the microphone device shown in FIG. 1 described above. It can be.
  • acoustic tubes 21, 22, and 23 instead of the director 20 constituted by the acoustic tubes 21, 22, and 23 as described above, for example, as shown in a microphone device shown in FIG. 13, predetermined directions are perpendicular to the main axis of directivity.
  • Acoustic passages 31, 32, 33 that guide the sound waves introduced from the acoustic wave inlets 31 A, 32 A, 33 A at a distance D, respectively, and acoustic passages 31, 31 A waveguide unit 30 formed with a mixing unit 34 for mixing the respective sound waves guided through 32 and 33 is used, and a microphone unit 35 is added to the mixing unit 34 of the director 30. It may be installed.
  • the distance between the acoustic passages 31 1, 32 A, 33 A and the mixing section 34 from the acoustic passage sections 3 1, 3 2, 3 3 is made equal so that the The sound waves introduced from 1 A, 32 A, and 33 A maintain their phase relationship with each other, and the mixing section 34 cancels out the opposite-phase component to which the in-phase component has been added.
  • INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY In the microphone device according to the present invention, the output of at least three unidirectional microphone units arranged at a predetermined distance from each other in a direction perpendicular to the main axis of the directivity is synthesized.
  • the output signal is obtained by adding and combining at, so that sharp directivity is realized in the midrange, Since it is possible to perform collection with high sensitivity to the voice input and very little noise from the side, the voice input means of the voice recognition device used in the car navigation system mounted on the car, By using it as a voice input means for the convenience, it is possible to accurately and reliably collect the voice of the driver or the operator.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif à microphones comprenant au moins trois éléments de microphone agencés à des intervalles prédéfinis dans une direction perpendiculaire à l'axe de directivité, ainsi qu'un circuit destiné à additionner les signaux de sortie desdits éléments de microphone. Les éléments de microphone, lesquels sont unidirectionnels, sont agencés à intervalles réguliers de manière que leurs plans d'incidence soient dirigés vers une source de son. Ce dispositif à microphones présente une directivité précise dans la plage moyenne de fréquences requise par le moyen d'entrée d'un dispositif de reconnaissance vocale, et une sensibilité élevée vis-à-vis des entrées vocales provenant de devant, tout en réduisant au minimum le niveau de bruits provenant des côtés.
PCT/JP1996/000292 1995-02-10 1996-02-09 Dispositif a microphones WO1996025018A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2312395 1995-02-10
JP7/23123 1995-02-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996025018A1 true WO1996025018A1 (fr) 1996-08-15

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PCT/JP1996/000292 WO1996025018A1 (fr) 1995-02-10 1996-02-09 Dispositif a microphones

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100746003B1 (ko) * 2005-09-20 2007-08-06 삼성전자주식회사 어레이 마이크로폰의 아날로그 신호를 디지털 신호로변환하는 장치 및 이를 포함하는 컴퓨터 시스템
CN112218194A (zh) * 2019-07-11 2021-01-12 雅马哈株式会社 拾音装置及车载卡拉ok装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51131932U (fr) * 1975-04-17 1976-10-23
JPS53110121U (fr) * 1977-02-09 1978-09-02
JPS57212897A (en) * 1981-06-15 1982-12-27 Western Electric Co Acoustic device
JPS6134799Y2 (fr) * 1979-08-20 1986-10-09
JPH03113998A (ja) * 1989-09-27 1991-05-15 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd アレイマイクロホン

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51131932U (fr) * 1975-04-17 1976-10-23
JPS53110121U (fr) * 1977-02-09 1978-09-02
JPS6134799Y2 (fr) * 1979-08-20 1986-10-09
JPS57212897A (en) * 1981-06-15 1982-12-27 Western Electric Co Acoustic device
JPH03113998A (ja) * 1989-09-27 1991-05-15 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd アレイマイクロホン

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100746003B1 (ko) * 2005-09-20 2007-08-06 삼성전자주식회사 어레이 마이크로폰의 아날로그 신호를 디지털 신호로변환하는 장치 및 이를 포함하는 컴퓨터 시스템
CN112218194A (zh) * 2019-07-11 2021-01-12 雅马哈株式会社 拾音装置及车载卡拉ok装置

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