WO1996009896A1 - Ecoulement d'air d'event commande par une impulsion d'ajutage - Google Patents

Ecoulement d'air d'event commande par une impulsion d'ajutage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996009896A1
WO1996009896A1 PCT/SE1995/001093 SE9501093W WO9609896A1 WO 1996009896 A1 WO1996009896 A1 WO 1996009896A1 SE 9501093 W SE9501093 W SE 9501093W WO 9609896 A1 WO9609896 A1 WO 9609896A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle
barrier
channel
air
gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1995/001093
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kenth Arvidsson
Original Assignee
Uppsala Energi Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Uppsala Energi Ab filed Critical Uppsala Energi Ab
Priority to AU36238/95A priority Critical patent/AU3623895A/en
Publication of WO1996009896A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996009896A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B01D53/505—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound in a spray drying process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/79—Injecting reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/149—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material with separate inlets for a particulate material and a liquid to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1495—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material with separate inlets for a particulate material and a liquid to be sprayed and with separate outlets for the particulate material and the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/60—Sorption with dry devices, e.g. beds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nozzle or liquid nozzle arrangement for delivering to a process gas adsorbent material which reacts with contaminants in the gas, or for delivering barrier-air into a dust-containing environment.
  • the invention relates particularly to such a nozzle with the intention of preventing the build-up of solid substances around the nozzle orifice.
  • the invention finds application, for instance, in a contact reactor for separating acid-forming substances such as sulfur dioxide, and the like, from flue gases, wherein water-suspended adsorbent material is injected into the reactor for reaction with said contaminants.
  • the delivery and moistening of the adsorbent which in some cases can be partially recycled for renewed use, is normally effected with the aid of a nozzle which includes delivery channels for compressed air and suspension respectively.
  • the water or the suspension is finely divided, or atomized, in the nozzle by the compressed air, and then injected into the reactor, wherein the nozzle orifice may be configured aerodynamically to prevent release and recir- culation of gas from the spray cone.
  • nozzles intended for this purpose are found in EP-185 630 and U.S. 4,625,916.
  • a particular form of nozzle is comprised of the so-called DI (Moisture Dust Injection) nozzles, in which water and dry adsorbents are delivered separately for atomization and subsequent mixture to form a dust-containing reaction gas.
  • DI Cosmetic Dust Injection
  • SE-447 704 describes a nozzle having an outwardly mounted shield which functions to create a barrier layer of barrier-air around the nozzle orifice and in this way prevents recirculation of the gas mixture of the media spray.
  • the nozzle construction includes a variable number of symmetrically disposed orifices or nozzles with internal mixing and finely-dividing of water and a medium, such as lime for instance.
  • pressurized barrier-air is controlled and directed from a gap in the region of the nozzle periphery generally perpendicular to the media spray and towards the centre of the nozzle.
  • the barrier-air is said to be delivered at a speed which equals about 25-30% of the speed of the media spray. It will be understood that the construction cannot achieve effective barrier, primarily on the lee side of the media spray, i.e. in the centre of the nozzle, and consequently there is a danger that solid material will settle at least in this region.
  • the present invention provides a nozzle arrangement which eliminates the risk of dust/adsorbent material settling around a nozzle orifice or a liquid nozzle used to moisten dust in the spray cone, by creating a barrier layer of barrier-air which prevents the admixture of dust-containing gas in that part of the gas that recirculates to the orifice of the nozzle.
  • barrier-air Coaxially inwardly of an annular channel through which a dry, powdered material is delivered, and coaxially outwards of a nozzle body for compressed-air atomization or pressure atomization of a liquid, there is delivered in accordance with the invention barrier-air with a given speed profile and with such an area as to generate a barrier layer of barrier-air between the recirculation zone of the nozzle and the adsorbent material propelled coaxially externally thereof.
  • the speed at which the barrier-air is delivered shall be greater than or equal to the speed at which the adsorbent material is delivered, and may be lower than or equal to the muzzle velocity of the liquid nozzle.
  • the barrier-air flow will thereby always be proportional to the nozzle power or nozzle impulse, so as to maintain the desired barrier layer.
  • One requirement in this regard is that there prevails between said space and the nozzle environment a pressure relationship which causes the nozzle impulse to present more than a marginal effect on the speed of the barrier flow.
  • the invention provides a particularly beneficial solution from an economical and an installation-technical aspect, in that the barrier-air channel is connected to a space in which atmospheric pressure prevails, whereby biassing of the barrier-air flow can be said to exist by virtue of the subpressure prevailing in the reactor.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to achieve in a liquid nozzle a barrier-air flow which is proportional to the nozzle impulse, so as to establish and maintain a barrier-air layer which will prevent the admixture of dust-containing gas with the recirculating part of the gas flow.
  • This object is achieved with an arrangement according to Claim 1.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the inventive arrangement applied to a nozzle at one end of a lance for delivering reactive material to a process gas
  • Fig. 2 is an overview which illustrates the lance of Fig. 1 applied in a flue-gas cleansing contact reactor
  • Fig. 3a is a cross-sectional view of the inventive arrangement applied in a boiler of a combined power and heating plant for metering urea-water solution and adsorbent thereto;
  • Fig. 3b is a detailed cross-sectional view of the nozzle orifice region of the application shown in Fig. 3a.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a nozzle arrangement, generally designated 1, which can be said to form the outlet end of a lance 1 and which includes compressed-air conducting channels 2 and liquid conducting channels 3, said liquid being water, urea, etc.
  • the channels 2 and 3 may be coaxial with one another.
  • a nozzle or nozzle 4 forms an atomizing chamber in which the liquid is atomized prior to being blown out through the nozzle orifice 5 in the form of a spray cone 6 of liquid mist or gas. Since the internal construction of the nozzle 4 is not critical in achieving the advantages afforded by the invention, it will not be described in detail, and it will be understood that the nozzle may be constructed from any known and conventional components by means of which the liquid can be atomized by means of compressed air. Alternatively, the nozzle may be constructed to pressure-atomize the liquid, i.e. without the separate supply of compressed air, although the illustrated and described embodiment assumes that the liquid is atomized with the aid of compressed air.
  • Extending coaxially around the channels 2, 3 and the nozzle 4 is an annular channel 7 through which barrier-air is intro ⁇ quizd.
  • the other end of the channel 7 is connected to a space in which the level of pressure is equal to or higher than the level of pressure in the working environment of the nozzle, preferably with a space in which atmospheric pressure, or a pressure close to at ⁇ mospheric pressure, prevails.
  • a further annular channel 9 Extending coaxially with the aforesaid channels is a further annular channel 9, through which a dry dust-like adsorbent is introduced, said adsorbent being fed through the channel 9 with the aid of compressed air or some other transport gas for admixture with the liquid mist in the spray cone 6.
  • the channels 7 and 9 are suitably rectilinear in the outlet region of the lance 1 and preferably along a substantial part of their extension, so as to promote a shear-free and turbulence-free outflow of barrier-air and particulate material, and so that the flow of materia in the channels will be disturbed to the least possible extent.
  • turbulence and recirculation of the finely-divided liquid will occur around the outlet orifice of the nozzle.
  • Fig. 1 With arrowed circles 10.
  • barrier-air 7 is drawn through the channel 7 from the space under atmospheric pressure or a pressure close thereto.
  • the cross-sectional area of the channel 7 is sufficient for the barrier-air to establish a peripheral flow of barrier layer 11 which remains unaffected by the turbulent flow 10 and prevents admixture of the dust/adsorbent with the spray cone 6 in the region of the nozzle orifice 5.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the barrier-air channel to the orifice area of the nozzle is in the order of about 15/1 and about 30/1 respec ⁇ tively.
  • These ratios shall not be considered as outer limits at which the advantages of the invention are achieved, but that in each application the nozzle spray angle and the radial distance of the flow of adsorbent material to the spray cone will be taken as a controlling factor for the individual design of the barrier-air channel. For instance, a ratio as low as about 1.7/1 will be achievable when the nozzle design is intended to generate a spray cone having a very small cone angle.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates schematically the application of an inventive nozzle arrangement in a process-gas cleansing contact reactor 20.
  • the illustrated nozzle arrangement forms the outlet end of a lance 1 and is inserted into a reactor space 21 to enable moist adsorbent material to be injected into said space, or chamber, in the movement direction 22 of the process gas.
  • the lance 1 includes conventionally inlets for compressed air 2, liquid 3 and adsorbent 9, and in the case of the inventive embodiment also includes a channel 7 which is open to at- mospheric pressure.
  • nozzle impulse shall be understood to include in this context the combined impulse that is generated by the atomized liquid and adsorbent material with transport gas.
  • a lance having a nozzle of relevant kind was installed in a contact reactor in a peat/coal fired combined power and heating plant of 400 MW.
  • Water was delivered to the nozzle body at a pressure of 6 bars and at a rate of 300-400 kg/h, and was atomized therein and then ejected into the reactor with the aid of compressed air at a pressure of about 5 bars.
  • a mixture of calcium hydroxide and fly ash suspended in air was delivered to the reactor at a rate of about 20001/h and at a speed of about 20 m/s, for mixture with the liquid mist downstream of the nozzle orifice and for reaction with the sulfur contaminants in the flue gas.
  • the barrier-air channel was connected to a region of atmospheric pressure externally of the reactor, and as a result of the subpressure generated in the root of the spray cone air was delivered through said channel at a speed of 40-60 m/s controlled by the nozzle impulse.
  • the cross-sectional area of the barrier-air channel was adapted to produce a peripheral, annular barrier layer, and had a diameter of 67 mm, which is placed in relationship with the nozzle orifice diameter of 16 mm. In this case, the lance had an outer diameter of 102 mm.
  • a urea-water solution was metered into the boiler of the combined power and heating plant through lances mounted in twelve flue-gas return ports having a diameter of 230 mm, with the intention of reducing sulfur contaminant concentrations in the flue gases.
  • Powdered adsorbent (dolomite CaC0 3 MgC0 3 ) was also metered through the ports and calcined to CaO in the furnace, which in turn reacted with S0 3 to form CaS0 4 .
  • the method achieved a sulfur reduction of 40-50%.
  • Urea was injected in the ports, partly because of the tempera- ture level of the furnace, and partly to utilize the recir ⁇ culated flue gas for distribution and admixture of the adsorbent material.
  • Urea (NH 2 ) 2C0 reacts with 2N0 to form 2N2 + 2H 2 0 + CO.
  • it is extremely important that the spray cone generated by the urea nozzle will not be disturbed by the build-up of deposits on the nozzle, since the urea solution is highly corrosive in boiler environ ⁇ ments (high temperature and reducing gases). Contact of urea solution with the tube wall will result in penetrative corrosion within the space of two calendar days.
  • Fig. 3a is a cross- sectional view of one of the twelve gas return ports 30, all of which are of mutually the same construction.
  • a urea solution having a concentration of 10-30 percent by weight was introduced through a lance 31 at a pressure of 3-6 bars and at a flow rate of 60-200 1/h, so as to atomize the solution and inject the atomized solution into the plant furnace 32.
  • the port 30 opens into the furnace wall between boiler tubes 33.
  • Adsorbent (dolomite) was passed through a channel 34 at a rate of 150-300 kg/h with the aid of a transport gas flow of 20-30 m/s, with the intention of mixing the adsorbent with the urea solution in the boiler furnace.
  • the channel 34 was terminated with a nozzle 35 which discharged into a flow of recirculating flue-gas 36, intended to support the distribution and admixture of the adsorbent material.
  • the flue-gas flow 36 had a speed of 40-70 m/s and a sustained temperature of 140-160°C.
  • Barrier-air 37 was drawn by suction in through an annular channel 38, whose outer end 39 was open to atmospheric pressure.
  • the channel 38 is disposed coaxially between the flow of adsorbent and the moistening flow and is dimensioned to maintain therebetween a barrier-air layer in order to prevent dust admixing with the spray cone, such that recirculating parts of the gas will remain free from particles and not result in the build-up of solid substances.
  • the nozzle 39 has an orifice diameter a of 10 mm and is designed to have a spray angle d of 90°.
  • the barrier-air channel 37 has an internal diameter b of 55 mm and the diameter c of the flue- gas port orifice is 230 mm.
  • the barrier-air channel 7 may advantageously dis ⁇ charge in the region of or vertically in line with the nozzle orifice 5, which provides the best condition for maintaining the barrier layer 11, since the radial distance between the spray cone and the outer periphery of the barrier-air channel is greatest in this region.
  • the arrangement will provide important advantages from an economi ⁇ cal and installation aspect when the outer end of the barrier- air channel is open to atmospheric pressure, and that the self- regulating and nozzle-impulse controlled flow will promote an unimpeded flow through the barrier-air channel. It will also be understood that the scope of the invention is not restricted to this particular embodiment and that the advantages afforded by the invention are also achieved when the barrier-air channel opens into a space in which the level of pressure is slightly below or slightly above atmospheric pressure, although it will be understood that there may not prevail a critical pressure relationship which would result in turbulent flow in said channel and the loss of the barrier layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

Agencement d'ajutage destiné à introduire dans un gaz à traiter un matériau adsorbant réagissant avec le gaz, ou à diffuser de l'air servant de barrière dans un environnement contenant de la poussière. Cet agencement d'ajutage comprend des canaux d'alimentation (2, 3) en gaz sous pression ou en liquide, un ajutage (4) dans lequel le liquide est divisé en fines particules, et un orifice d'ajutage (5) à travers lequel le liquide divisé en fines particules est expulsé, et un canal annulaire périphérique (9) à travers lequel le matériau adsorbant est amené. Cet agencement d'ajutage comprend également un canal annulaire supplémentaire (7) disposé en retrait par rapport au canal (9) et entourant l'ajutage (4). L'extrémité du canal annulaire (7) située à distance de l'ajutage est en communication ouverte avec un espace dans lequel le niveau de pression est égal ou supérieur au niveau de pression dans l'environnement de travail de l'ajutage, et de préférence en communication ouverte avec un espace dans lequel règne la pression atmosphérique, la différence de pression entre les deux espaces produisant un écoulement d'air formant barrière dans le canal (7), cet écoulement étant régulé par l'impulsion de l'ajutage et de manière directement proportionnelle à celle-ci. Par rapport à l'orifice d'ajutage, la section transversale du canal d'air formant barrière (7) est suffisamment étendue pour générer une couche barrière d'air formant barrière radialement en retrait par rapport à l'écoulement de matériau adsorbant et pour maintenir cette barrière, afin d'empêcher que la poussière ne se mélange avec le gaz en recirculation provenant du cône de pulvérisation.
PCT/SE1995/001093 1994-09-26 1995-09-26 Ecoulement d'air d'event commande par une impulsion d'ajutage WO1996009896A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU36238/95A AU3623895A (en) 1994-09-26 1995-09-26 Nozzle impulse controlled vent air flow

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9403244-8 1994-09-26
SE9403244A SE503313C2 (sv) 1994-09-26 1994-09-26 Anordning vid munstycke för att tillföra spolluft

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996009896A1 true WO1996009896A1 (fr) 1996-04-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1995/001093 WO1996009896A1 (fr) 1994-09-26 1995-09-26 Ecoulement d'air d'event commande par une impulsion d'ajutage

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU3623895A (fr)
SE (1) SE503313C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996009896A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0922497A3 (fr) * 1997-12-13 2001-01-10 Usbi, Co. Appareil et procédé d'application d'un revêtement
EP1083000A3 (fr) * 1999-09-10 2003-04-23 Usbi, Co. Pistolet de pulvérisation à jet convergent
WO2011009932A1 (fr) * 2009-07-24 2011-01-27 Catalysair Procede de combustion dans un corps de chauffe d'un melange d'un combustible et d'un comburant gazeux primaire avec courant gazeux secondaire et equipement pour l'injection du courant secondaire
CN103551026A (zh) * 2013-10-30 2014-02-05 中能东讯新能源科技(大连)有限公司 锅炉脱硝剂喷嘴防爆管结构
CN104084330A (zh) * 2014-07-15 2014-10-08 重庆大学 一种火电厂脱硫废水高效雾化成核的两级雾化喷嘴

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0185630A1 (fr) * 1984-12-04 1986-06-25 Fläkt Aktiebolag Assemblage de buses pour mélanger des milieux et procédé d'utilisation de cet assemblage
US4625916A (en) * 1983-07-16 1986-12-02 Lechler Gmbh & Co., Kg Cylindrical inset for a binary atomizing nozzle
US5209915A (en) * 1990-10-10 1993-05-11 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method for flyash recycling in a dry SO2 scrubber

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4625916A (en) * 1983-07-16 1986-12-02 Lechler Gmbh & Co., Kg Cylindrical inset for a binary atomizing nozzle
EP0185630A1 (fr) * 1984-12-04 1986-06-25 Fläkt Aktiebolag Assemblage de buses pour mélanger des milieux et procédé d'utilisation de cet assemblage
US5209915A (en) * 1990-10-10 1993-05-11 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method for flyash recycling in a dry SO2 scrubber

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0922497A3 (fr) * 1997-12-13 2001-01-10 Usbi, Co. Appareil et procédé d'application d'un revêtement
EP1083000A3 (fr) * 1999-09-10 2003-04-23 Usbi, Co. Pistolet de pulvérisation à jet convergent
US6663021B1 (en) 1999-09-10 2003-12-16 Usbi Co. Portable convergent spray gun capable of being hand-held
US6892963B1 (en) 1999-09-10 2005-05-17 Usbi Co Portable convergent spray gun capable of being hand-held
WO2011009932A1 (fr) * 2009-07-24 2011-01-27 Catalysair Procede de combustion dans un corps de chauffe d'un melange d'un combustible et d'un comburant gazeux primaire avec courant gazeux secondaire et equipement pour l'injection du courant secondaire
FR2948442A1 (fr) * 2009-07-24 2011-01-28 Catalysair Procede de combustion dans un corps de chauffe d'un melange d'un combustible et d'un comburant gazeux primaire avec courant gazeux secondaire et equipement pour l'injection du courant secondaire
CN103551026A (zh) * 2013-10-30 2014-02-05 中能东讯新能源科技(大连)有限公司 锅炉脱硝剂喷嘴防爆管结构
CN104084330A (zh) * 2014-07-15 2014-10-08 重庆大学 一种火电厂脱硫废水高效雾化成核的两级雾化喷嘴

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE503313C2 (sv) 1996-05-13
SE9403244D0 (sv) 1994-09-26
SE9403244L (sv) 1996-03-27
AU3623895A (en) 1996-04-19

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