Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D1/00—Evaporating
  • B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
  • F28D9/0037—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
  • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
  • F28F21/065—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing plate-like or laminated conduits
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
  • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
  • F28F2275/08—Fastening; Joining by clamping or clipping
  • F28F2275/085—Fastening; Joining by clamping or clipping with snap connection
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
  • F28F2275/14—Fastening; Joining by using form fitting connection, e.g. with tongue and groove

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a heat exchanger wherein the heating vapor is fed onto heat exchange surfaces of membrane material from a vapor distributor disposed at the end of the heat exchange surfaces, the distributor having parallel con ⁇ duits for directing vapor over the entire width of the heat exchange surfaces.
• Heat exchangers in which the heat exchange surfaces are of membrane material, such as plastic membrane, are used for the evaporation of liquids by means of vapor serving as a heating medium.
• FI lay-open print. 86961 describes a heat exchanger comprising bags of plastic membrane, the heat ex ⁇ changer being intended for the distilling of seawater or for the concentrating of various solutions and suspensions.
• the liquid In order for the heat exchange to be effective, the liquid must be distributed evenly over the heat exchange surfaces of plastic membrane, to cover the surfaces throughout, and respectively the heating vapor must be fed evenly onto those plastic mem ⁇ brane surfaces which are opposite with respect to the liquid.
• each of the bags of plastic membrane is equipped with a honeycomb including liquid and vapor conduits, the honeycomb being made up of three honeycombed plates, successively one on top of another, made up of two side walls and of partition walls sepa ⁇ rating adjacent conduits from each other between the side walls.
• the conduits in the middle honeycombed plate serve as vapor conduits leading to the inside of the bag, and the con ⁇ duits in the outer honeycombed plates as liquid conduits lead ⁇ ing to the outer surfaces of the bag.
• the bags and honeycombs are fastened to each other so that each bag with its honeycomb constitutes in the heat exchanger one integral, replaceable heat exchange element.
• the fastening projections and recesses fold the membrane which constitutes the heat exchange surface into pleats, there ⁇ by narrowing it in the width direction of the heat exchange surface.
• the said narrowing of the membrane corresponds to the narrowing which would otherwise follow the expansion of the vapor space.
• the projections and recesses fastening the wall elements to each other are preferably elongated in such a manner that they channel the passage of vapor between the wall elements.
• the fastenings may be snap fastenings formed by projections and recesses engaging each other, the fastenings as such sufficing to tie the elements firmly to each other.
• the invention can advantageously be applied to evaporators in which the liquid to be evaporated and the heating vapor are fed onto heat exchange surfaces formed by bags of plastic membrane or other similar heat exchange elements, from conduits at their upper end.
• the wall element delim ⁇ iting the vapor distributor is in this case arranged to delimit on its other side the liquid conduits required for the liquid to be evaporated, these conduits leading to that side of the heat exchange membrane which is opposite with respect to the liquid.
• a structure can be formed which is made up of a large number of heat exchange membranes one against an ⁇ other and of a corresponding number of opposite, interlinked wall elements, between which the ends of the heat exchange membranes are locked and which delimit in the spaces between them conduits which serve as distributors for vapor and liquid and which feed vapor and liquid into alternate spaces between the membranes.
• This system has the advantage over, for example, that disclosed in FI publication 86961 that the number of wall elements separating the conduits is only one half of the number of the side walls between conduits in the structure according to the said publication.
• the vapor conduits can be made wider than previously, in which case pressure losses in them will be smaller. This is significant especially in a distiller which uses the vapor obtained from the liquid as heating vapor, in which distiller the temperature difference between the vaporizing liquid and the condensing vapor may be very small.
• bags formed of membrane material are used as heat exchange elements in a heat exchanger
• these bags are linked to the wall elements delimiting the vapor and liquid conduits in such a manner that the elements are located alternately on the inside of the bag end and outside the bag.
• Each wall element inside a bag is in this case a vapor distribution element having projec ⁇ tions for forming vapor conduits between the elements
• each wall element outside the bag is a liquid distribution element which is profiled to form liquid channels between the elements.
• Figure 1 depicts a side view of one wall element of the vapor distributor of a heat exchanger according to the invention
• Figure 2 depicts a top view of the wall element according to Figure 1
• Figure 3 depicts a portion of a vapor distributor formed by two wall elements, corresponding to section III-III in Figure 1
• Figure 4 depicts a portion of a vapor and liquid distributor formed by wall elements fastened to each other, corresponding to section IV-IV in Figure 1
• Figures 5 and 6 depict, in a manner corresponding to Figure 3, alternative methods of fastening the wall elements of the vapor distributor.
• the wall element 1 of a vapor distributor of a heat exchanger is a plate fabricated from plastic by injection molding, the width of the plate corresponding to the width of the heat exchange surfaces of the heat exchanger.
• the wall element 1 comprises on one side vertical projections 2 by means of which the element can be fastened to another wall element to produce vertical vapor conduits 3 between the ele ⁇ ments.
• the wall element 1 has narrower vertical ribs 4 in such a manner that the projections and ribs together divide the space between opposite elements into parallel vapor conduits 3.
• the travel direction of the heating vapor in conduits 3 is indicated by arrows 5 in Figure 1.
• the wall element 1 comprises recesses 6 corresponding in shape to the said projections 2.
• the structure of a vapor distributor according to the inven ⁇ tion, made up of two opposite wall elements 1, 7, can be seen in Figure 3.
• the vapor distributor comprises a vapor distribu ⁇ tion element 1, which is a wall element according to Figures 1 and 2, and a second wall element 7 which is fastened thereto and which, in accordance with what is described below, con ⁇ stitutes a liquid distribution element.
• the elements 1, 7 are fastened to each other by snap fastenings 8, in which the projections 2, slightly widened at their ends, belonging to the vapor distribution element, are engaged in recesses 6 of corre ⁇ sponding shape in the liquid distribution element 7.
• the vapor conduits 3 delimited by the elements are located in the spaces between the fastening lines 8 formed by the projections 2 and recesses 6 and the vapor distribution element ribs 4 which are disposed freely against the wall of the liquid distribution element.
• the heat exchange membranes 9 of the heat exchanger which are of flexible plastic membrane, are in accordance with Figure 3 formed into a bag 10, one vertical side of which is shown in the drawing, on the side of the heat exchanger.
• the vapor dis ⁇ tribution element 1 is located inside the upper end of the bag 10 and the liquid distribution element 7 on its outside.
• the vapor conduits thus direct heating vapor to the inside of the bag 10.
• the membrane 9 is locked between the element projections 2 and recesses 6 engaging each other, whereby pleats corresponding to the projections are pro ⁇ quizd in the membrane to serve as expansion leeway for the pressurization of the bags 10 with vapor.
• Figure 4 which depicts two element pairs 1, 7 according to Figure 3 fastened to each other, illustrates the structure of the combined vapor and liquid distributor formed from alternate vapor distribution elements 1 and liquid distribution elements 7 fastened one to another.
• the elements are fastened to each other by means of snap fastenings 8 according to Figure 3, formed by projections 2 and corresponding recesses 6.
• snap fastenings 8 formed by projections 2 and corresponding recesses 6.
• a plastic membrane locked in place by the projec ons 2 and recesses 6 and each vapor distribution element is inside a bag 10 formed from membranes and each liquid distribution element 7 is outside a bag.
• the number of elements 1, 7 and bags 10, fastened one to another according to Figure depends on the required capacity of the heat exchanger, and it is not limited in the invention.
• the liquid conduits 11, seen in Figure 4 between the liquid distribution element 7 and the vapor distribution element 1 fastened thereto via recesses 6, are formed from recesses mold ⁇ ed in the plastic liquid distribution element in connection with its injection molding.
• the purpose of the liquid conduits 11 is to divide the liquid to be distributed substantially evenly onto the outer surfaces of the bags 10 of plastic mem ⁇ brane.
• the liquid con ⁇ duits 11 comprise feed conduits leading from the element ends on the sides of the heat exchanger obliquely downwards to the middle of the element and distribution conduits, shown in Fig ⁇ ure 4, leading from the feed conduits vertically downwards.
• the alternative fastenings for the element pair 1,7 shown in Figures 5 and 6 comprise projections 2 shaped in different ways and recesses 6 corresponding to them, which fold the plastic membrane 9 between the elements into pleats which provide an expansion leeway.
• the projections 2 and the recesses 6 are not self-locking; the elements 1, 7 must addi ⁇ tionally be tied to each other by gluing, welding or by using a separate clamping means or the like.
• the described heat exchanger may serve as a distiller in which liquid directed via the liquid conduits 11 onto the outer sur ⁇ faces of the bags 10 of plastic membrane is vaporized, directed to a compressor, and thereafter, having been compressed to a higher temperature and pressure, is directed back to the heat exchanger via the vapor conduits 3 as heating vapor to be fed to the inside of the bags, the vapor condensing to liquid in the heat exchange process.
• the heating vapor also vapor produced in some other manner.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
• Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
• Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Means For Warming Up And Starting Carburetors (AREA)
• External Artificial Organs (AREA)
• Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)

Priority Applications (8)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8541453

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (13)

Cited By (1)

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Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 1994
  • 1994-09-27 FI FI944472A patent/FI100209B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1995
  • 1995-09-26 US US08/809,794 patent/US5775410A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-09-26 WO PCT/FI1995/000525 patent/WO1996009871A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1995-09-26 BR BR9509107A patent/BR9509107A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1995-09-26 AU AU35238/95A patent/AU689958B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1995-09-26 EP EP95932030A patent/EP0954362B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-09-26 ES ES95932030T patent/ES2170160T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-09-26 CA CA002200947A patent/CA2200947A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-09-26 JP JP51116596A patent/JP3796753B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-09-26 KR KR1019970701919A patent/KR100385624B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1995-09-26 AT AT95932030T patent/ATE211016T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1995-09-26 DE DE69524792T patent/DE69524792T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1997
  • 1997-03-25 NO NO971428A patent/NO303950B1/no unknown

Patent Citations (4)

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