WO1996008555A1 - Detergent en conditionnement unitaire - Google Patents

Detergent en conditionnement unitaire Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1996008555A1
WO1996008555A1 PCT/US1995/011165 US9511165W WO9608555A1 WO 1996008555 A1 WO1996008555 A1 WO 1996008555A1 US 9511165 W US9511165 W US 9511165W WO 9608555 A1 WO9608555 A1 WO 9608555A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
detergent
unit packaged
water dissolvable
packaged detergent
unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/011165
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Joris Josef Gustaaf Tack
Jean-Luc André Patrick VARLET
Bruno Van De Pol
Original Assignee
The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Procter & Gamble Company filed Critical The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority to CA002199369A priority Critical patent/CA2199369C/fr
Priority to US08/793,884 priority patent/US5783541A/en
Publication of WO1996008555A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996008555A1/fr
Priority to NO970828A priority patent/NO970828D0/no
Priority to FI971015A priority patent/FI971015A/fi

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
    • C11D17/0073—Tablets
    • C11D17/0082—Coated tablets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
    • C11D17/0073—Tablets
    • C11D17/0091—Dishwashing tablets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
    • C11D17/042—Water soluble or water disintegrable containers or substrates containing cleaning compositions or additives for cleaning compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3753—Polyvinylalcohol; Ethers or esters thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to packaged detergent and/or additive composition for the dish washing machine.
  • the traditional form of detergent and/or additive compositions for use in dish washing is granules or non particuiate solids such as bars or tablets or briquettes.
  • the term tablet will refer to any form of non particuiate solids.
  • said detergent and/or additive tablets or granules are respectively placed or poured in the dispenser located in said dish washing machine or in an adequate dispensing device which is then placed in said washing machine.
  • Said unit packaged detergent is a detergent packaged in a water soluble polymer film or sheet in such a form that it is suitable for one wash.
  • This unit packaged detergent is placed in the machine without unwrapping the contained detergent from the packaging. This is possible, since said packaging is made of a water dissolvable polymer film.
  • To avoid the unwrapping of the detergent from the packaging has several advantages.
  • said unit packaged detergent prevents wasting through spillage of the detergent and/or additive composition.
  • said unit packaged detergent eliminates the need for the user to estimate the dosage of said composition required and ensures that the correct dosage of said composition per wash cycle is used by the user.
  • the fingers of a user do not come in contact with the wrapped detergent composition.
  • the problem of D1 is to provide a polymer film with increased solubility to avoid remnants of gel or jelly of insoluble polymer film which may adhere to the washed clothes. This problem is solved by developing a polymer having a dissolution time in water of less than 20 sec at 20° C. But this development cannot be readily applied in an automatic dish washing machine.
  • the sub-optimum washing performance is a consequence of the dissolution of part of the detergent during the initial rinse cycle, since it is lost for the main wash. Therefore, we have found that to avoid a precocious dissolution of the detergent, the unit packaged detergent described in the prior art has to be protected from the water of the initial rinse cycle.
  • a possible solution would be to place the unit packaged detergent of the prior art inside the dispenser of the dish washing machine which opens only with the start of the main wash cycle. But this may cause logistic problems. Indeed, the dimension and the shape of the unit packaged detergent is then limited by the dimension and the shape of the dispenser of the dish washing machine. This limitation could be especially a problem when the unit packaged detergent contains detergent in solid form, like tablets, which may not have the dimension and the shape of the dispenser. As a consequence, it is possible that such a unit packaged detergent containing a tablet cannot be used in that particular washing machine without avoiding a decreased washing performance.
  • Another object of the present invention is the method of manufacture of the unit packaged detergent according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a unit packaged detergent for automatic dish washing.
  • Said unit packaged detergent comprises a detergent composition wrapped in a film made of a water dissolvable material.
  • Said water dissolvable material protects the wrapped detergent from dissolution until the start of the main wash in a dish washing machine.
  • detergent and/or additive compositions will be encompassed by the term "detergent”.
  • This detergent composition may be in the form of granules or of any non particuiate solids such as bars or tablets or briquettes.
  • tablet encompasses in the following any form of non particuiate solids.
  • Said tablet may have any shape.
  • said solid non particuiate detergent tablet is symmetrical to ensure the uniform dissolution of the tablet in the wash liquor.
  • the detergent and/or additive composition may comprise any ingredients known in the art for dish washing. Such ingredients may include surfactants, suds suppressers, bleaches, chelants, builders, enzymes, fillers and perfumes.
  • a predosed quantity of detergent is wrapped in a packaging to form a unit packaged detergent.
  • unit packaged detergent means a packaged amount of detergent suitable for one wash. Nevertheless, two or more unit packaged detergents according to the present invention may be used in a single wash to meet different washing conditions, like dirtiness of washing, amount of washing, volume of washing machine, hardness of water, temperature of water and type of detergent.
  • Said packaging is made of a water dissolvable material.
  • the unit packaged detergent according to the present invention may contain between 3g and 100g of detergent, more preferably between 10g and 50g, most preferably between 25g and 35 g of detergent.
  • the packaging of the unit packaged detergent is made of a material which dissolves in water, but which protects the wrapped detergent from dissolution until the start of the main wash in a dish washing machine.
  • the initial rinse cycle is a prewash with cold water of the tap (about 20°C or less) without detergent and lasting for about 10 to 15 min.
  • the material of the packaging of said unit packaged detergent should not dissolve completely in the initial rinse cycle.
  • a packaging that completely dissolves means that the content of said packaging is not protected anymore from dissolution. For example, a detergent contained in said packaging would be available for dissolution during the initial rinse cycle. The part of the detergent dissolved during the initial rinse cycle is wasted, since this dissolved part is lost for the main wash.
  • the main wash is the washing with detergent in the washing machines performed at temperatures greater than 20 ⁇ C, more preferably at 30 ⁇ C or more.
  • the above problem is solved by choosing a water dissolvable material having a dissolution time which strongly depends from the water temperature.
  • the dissolution time of said material has to be such that it is not completely dissolved within 10 min to 15 min at a water temperature of 20°C or less, i.e. said material does not dissolve during the initial rinse cycle.
  • the same material dissolves completely in 2 min or less, preferably within 1 min. In this manner, the detergent wrapped within this material is protected from dissolution in the initial rinse cycle, but is readily available for dissolution in the main wash.
  • a unit packaged detergent comprising an amount of detergent wrapped in a water dissolvable material as described before, does not need to be placed in the dispenser of the washing machine.
  • said unit packaged detergent can be placed anywhere in the washing machine together with the dishes or with the laundry.
  • This unit packaged detergent of the present invention is placed in the machine without unwrapping the contained detergent from the packaging. This is possible, since said packaging is made of a water dissolvable material, as described above. To avoid the unwrapping the detergent from the packaging has several advantages. First, said unit packaged detergent prevents wasting through spillage of the detergent and/or additive composition. Spillage may occur during the measuring and/or dispensing into the dispenser of the washing machine or into a dispensing device. Second, said unit packaged detergent eliminates the need for the user to estimate the dosage of said composition required and ensures that the correct dosage of said composition per wash cycle is used by the user. Therefore, separate measuring and/or dosing devices are superfluous.
  • said unit packaged detergent can be placed in a washing machine at any place together with the dish or the laundry.
  • water dissolvable polymers are used as water dissolvable materials for said unit packaged detergent.
  • PVOH is a hygroscopic material, i.e. this material dissolves in water. The rate of dissolution in water depends from the thickness of said water dissolvable material used, the molecular weight of said material and the temperature of the water.
  • a fast rate is achieved by decreasing the thickness and or the molecular weight of said water dissolvable material and/or increasing the temperature of the water.
  • the present invention uses water dissolvable polymeric materials of thicknesses between 10 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m, more preferably between 20 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m at a molecular weight between 50,000 and 200,000, more preferably between 80,000 and 150,000.
  • a unit packaged detergent made of a 30 ⁇ m thick PVOH film with a molecular weight of 100,000 and. which contains 30g of detergent does not dissolve completely after 15 min at 20°C water temperature, and within 2 min at 30°C water temperature. This means that the wrapped detergent is protected from a precocious dissolution during the initial rinse cycle, whereas said wrapped detergent is made readily available for dissolution in the main washing cycle.
  • said unit packaged detergent may be a bag which contains substantially in a loose manner the detergent or an additional layer on the outer surface of a detergent tablet.
  • said unit packaged detergents are delivered in a container made of any material, like carton, plastic or metal.
  • said unit packaged detergents may be packed and sold in a string, each unit packaged detergents being individually separable by a perforation line. Therefore, each unit packaged detergent can be individually torn off from said string and placed without unwrapping the contained detergent in the washing machine.
  • said packaging material of the unit packaged detergent may be translucent, opaque or having a printed side.
  • said unit packaged detergent may comprise also an additive which provides an unbearable bitter taste.
  • This additive may be coated onto said unit packaged detergent. This improves the prevention that children may accidentally ingest the complete packaging detergent.
  • Such an additive is for example a trademark called BITREXTM.
  • said unit packaged detergent may be provided with a glue coating being on at least one side of said packaging. In this manner, said packaging wrapping said detergent tablet may be stuck on any place of a dish washing machine, as convenient for the load to be washed and cleaned. For example the side walls, the front or top door are possible places where said unit packaged detergent may be stuck in said washing machine.
  • said glue is water dissolvable or dissolves upon the effect of temperature.
  • said glue coating has the same or less water solubility than the packaging.
  • the unit packaging detergent is prevented to fall before the start of the main wash cycle.
  • said unit packaged detergent falls into the wash liquor to allow the complete dissolution of said unit packaged detergent, i.e. rest of packaging and contained detergent.
  • the glue coating may be protected with a protective sheet of paper or else which can be easily removed.
  • the protective sheet prevents sticking of, for example, dust particles on the glue coating which could diminish the sticking properties of said glue coating.
  • the glue coating may be provided for example by a layer of polyurethane on the outer surface of said unit packaged detergent.
  • the unit packaged detergent according to the present invention may be manufactured in the following way :
  • the granular or particuiate detergent composition may be formed into a tablet of the desired shape and size by any of the method selected from the group of: compression, extrusion and casting, whereas said detergent composition is homogeneously distributed throughout the tablet or comprises different layers of certain detergent ingredients;
  • said water dissolvable film may be also provided with a coating of a water dissolvable glue, this coating preferably on the side of said water dissolvable film being on the outer side of the unit packaged detergent; • then said detergent in granular or tablet form is wrapped into said water dissolvable film to form the unit packaged detergent;
  • the unit packaged detergent according to the present invention may be used in the following manner:
  • a unit packaged detergent necessary for a dish wash cycle in an automatic washing machine is taken from a container, if needed by tearing off a unit packaged detergent along the perforation line in a string of several unit packaged detergents;

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un détergent conditionné sous film pour lave-vaisselle. Ce film est constitué d'un matériau se dissolvant dans l'eau. Ce matériau n'est complètement dissous qu'une fois que le lavage principal du cycle de lavage est atteint. Par conséquent, ledit matériau empêche que le détergent soit dissous prématurément et gaspillé pendant le cycle de rinçage initial d'un lave-vaisselle.
PCT/US1995/011165 1994-09-12 1995-09-01 Detergent en conditionnement unitaire WO1996008555A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002199369A CA2199369C (fr) 1994-09-12 1995-09-01 Detergent en conditionnement unitaire
US08/793,884 US5783541A (en) 1994-09-12 1995-09-01 Unit packaged detergent
NO970828A NO970828D0 (no) 1994-09-12 1997-02-24 Enhetspakket vaskemiddel
FI971015A FI971015A (fi) 1994-09-12 1997-03-11 Erillisiksi yksiköiksi pakattu pesuaine

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94870148A EP0700989B1 (fr) 1994-09-12 1994-09-12 Détergent emballé par dose
EP94870148.7 1994-09-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996008555A1 true WO1996008555A1 (fr) 1996-03-21

Family

ID=8218671

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1995/011165 WO1996008555A1 (fr) 1994-09-12 1995-09-01 Detergent en conditionnement unitaire

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0700989B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE203053T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2199369C (fr)
DE (1) DE69427696T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2158885T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI971015A (fr)
NO (1) NO970828D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996008555A1 (fr)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6156715A (en) * 1997-01-13 2000-12-05 Ecolab Inc. Stable solid block metal protecting warewashing detergent composition
WO2014026856A1 (fr) * 2012-08-16 2014-02-20 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Emballage hydrosoluble doté d'un agent amérisant
WO2014026855A1 (fr) * 2012-08-16 2014-02-20 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Emballage hydrosoluble doté d'un agent amérisant
US8906839B2 (en) 1997-01-13 2014-12-09 Ecolab Usa Inc. Alkaline detergent containing mixing organic and inorganic sequestrants resulting in improved soil removal
US9150782B2 (en) 2013-12-06 2015-10-06 Monosol, Llc Fluorescent tracer for water-soluble films, related methods, and related articles
US9267167B2 (en) 2004-06-28 2016-02-23 Becton, Dickinson And Company Dissolvable films and methods including the same
JP2016108426A (ja) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-20 日本合成化学工業株式会社 水溶性フィルム及び薬剤包装体
US20170029747A1 (en) * 2015-07-30 2017-02-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Water-soluble unit dose article
EP2838811B1 (fr) 2012-04-16 2018-06-06 Monosol, LLC Poche poudrée et méthode pour la fabriquer
EP3334817B1 (fr) 2015-08-11 2019-03-20 Unilever PLC Emballage hydrosoluble
EP1971633B1 (fr) 2006-01-14 2019-05-01 Dalli-Werke GmbH & Co. KG Compositions de detergent emballees et procede de fabrication
CN110241555A (zh) * 2018-03-09 2019-09-17 Bsh家用电器有限公司 用于处理洗衣机中的洗涤物的方法以及适用于其的洗衣机
US10870820B2 (en) 2015-08-11 2020-12-22 Conopeo, Inc. Water-soluble package
US11649416B2 (en) 2017-10-13 2023-05-16 Conopco, Inc. Aqueous spray composition comprising silicone and perfume microemulsions
US11725163B2 (en) 2017-10-13 2023-08-15 Conopco, Inc. Aqueous spray composition
US11807834B2 (en) 2017-10-13 2023-11-07 Conopco, Inc. Aqueous spray composition
US11987771B2 (en) 2017-10-13 2024-05-21 Conopco, Inc. Fabric spray composition comprising a non-functionalized silicone nanoemulsion and peg-40 hydrogenated castor oil

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EP0967159A1 (fr) * 1998-06-23 1999-12-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Emballage de sécurité
EP0997394A1 (fr) 1998-10-28 2000-05-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Emballage avec moyens répulsifs pour les enfants
GB9906171D0 (en) 1999-03-17 1999-05-12 Unilever Plc A process for producing a water soluble package
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GB9906176D0 (en) 1999-03-17 1999-05-12 Unilever Plc Process for producing a water soluble package
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BR0110724A (pt) 2000-05-15 2003-03-11 Unilever Nv Composição detergente lìquida não aquosa concentrada, e, processo para a preparação de uma composição detergente lìquida concentrada
DE10245260A1 (de) * 2002-09-27 2004-04-15 Henkel Kgaa Verfahren zur Herstellung umhüllter Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel-Portionen
GB0222964D0 (en) 2002-10-03 2002-11-13 Unilever Plc Polymeric film for water soluble package
US6846784B2 (en) 2003-01-30 2005-01-25 Access Business Group International Llc Water soluble pouch package
DE10313454A1 (de) * 2003-03-25 2004-10-21 Henkel Kgaa Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel
GB0514009D0 (en) * 2005-07-08 2005-08-17 Reckitt Benckiser Nv Article and method
GB0514006D0 (en) * 2005-07-08 2005-08-17 Reckitt Benckiser Nv Articles
DE102006047229A1 (de) 2006-10-04 2008-04-10 Henkel Kgaa Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittelabgabesystem
DE102007042450B4 (de) 2007-09-06 2009-12-31 Andreas Siggelkow Wasserlösliche Verpackung mit Funktionsdepot sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung der Verpackung
PL2196531T3 (pl) 2008-12-05 2015-02-27 Dalli Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Pokryta polimerem tabletka detergentu
CN106062166A (zh) 2014-03-07 2016-10-26 宝洁公司 包含苦味剂的组合物
WO2016162660A1 (fr) * 2015-04-08 2016-10-13 Reckitt Benckiser Llc Distributeur de savon pouvant être monté sur un poignet
TR201901858T4 (tr) 2015-08-11 2019-03-21 Unilever Nv Suda Çözünür Paket
EP3138896A1 (fr) * 2015-09-04 2017-03-08 The Procter and Gamble Company Article de dose unitaire soluble dans l'eau comprenant un agent aversif
EP3414314B1 (fr) 2016-02-09 2019-08-14 Unilever Plc. Emballage hydrosoluble
US10294445B2 (en) * 2016-09-01 2019-05-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making unitized dose pouches with modifications at a seal region
EP3498812B1 (fr) * 2017-12-14 2020-06-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Films et articles en dose unitaire comprenant des agents répulsifs uv, utilisations et procédés associés

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Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6156715A (en) * 1997-01-13 2000-12-05 Ecolab Inc. Stable solid block metal protecting warewashing detergent composition
US8906839B2 (en) 1997-01-13 2014-12-09 Ecolab Usa Inc. Alkaline detergent containing mixing organic and inorganic sequestrants resulting in improved soil removal
US9410185B2 (en) 2004-06-28 2016-08-09 Becton, Dickinson And Company Dissolvable films and methods including the same
US9267167B2 (en) 2004-06-28 2016-02-23 Becton, Dickinson And Company Dissolvable films and methods including the same
EP1971633B1 (fr) 2006-01-14 2019-05-01 Dalli-Werke GmbH & Co. KG Compositions de detergent emballees et procede de fabrication
EP2838811B1 (fr) 2012-04-16 2018-06-06 Monosol, LLC Poche poudrée et méthode pour la fabriquer
JP2015526352A (ja) * 2012-08-16 2015-09-10 ヘンケル・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト・アウフ・アクチェンＨｅｎｋｅｌ ＡＧ ＆ Ｃｏ．ＫＧａＡ 苦味剤を備える水溶性パッケージ
US20190168938A1 (en) * 2012-08-16 2019-06-06 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Water-soluble packaging with a bittering agent
DE102012214607A1 (de) 2012-08-16 2014-02-20 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Wasserlösliche Verpackung mit Bittermittel I
DE102012214608A1 (de) 2012-08-16 2014-02-20 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Wasserlösliche Verpackung mit Bittermittel II
US9457944B2 (en) 2012-08-16 2016-10-04 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Water-soluble packaging with bittering agent
EP2885221B1 (fr) 2012-08-16 2016-11-16 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Emballage hydrosoluble doté d'un agent amérisant
EP2885220B1 (fr) 2012-08-16 2016-11-16 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Emballage hydrosoluble doté d'un agent amérisant
WO2014026855A1 (fr) * 2012-08-16 2014-02-20 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Emballage hydrosoluble doté d'un agent amérisant
JP2015528425A (ja) * 2012-08-16 2015-09-28 ヘンケル・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト・アウフ・アクチェンＨｅｎｋｅｌ ＡＧ ＆ Ｃｏ．ＫＧａＡ 苦味剤を備える水溶性パッケージ
WO2014026856A1 (fr) * 2012-08-16 2014-02-20 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Emballage hydrosoluble doté d'un agent amérisant
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ATE203053T1 (de) 2001-07-15
FI971015A0 (fi) 1997-03-11
CA2199369C (fr) 2000-02-29
FI971015A (fi) 1997-03-11
DE69427696T2 (de) 2002-05-08
DE69427696D1 (de) 2001-08-16
ES2158885T3 (es) 2001-09-16
NO970828L (no) 1997-02-24
CA2199369A1 (fr) 1996-03-21
EP0700989B1 (fr) 2001-07-11
EP0700989A1 (fr) 1996-03-13
NO970828D0 (no) 1997-02-24

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