WO1996004443A1 - Cheminee - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO1996004443A1
WO1996004443A1 PCT/IB1995/000586 IB9500586W WO9604443A1 WO 1996004443 A1 WO1996004443 A1 WO 1996004443A1 IB 9500586 W IB9500586 W IB 9500586W WO 9604443 A1 WO9604443 A1 WO 9604443A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chimney
panel
wind
aperture
panels
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB1995/000586
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daya Ranjit Senanayake
Original Assignee
Daya Ranjit Senanayake
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daya Ranjit Senanayake filed Critical Daya Ranjit Senanayake
Publication of WO1996004443A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996004443A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/28—Chimney stacks, e.g. free-standing, or similar ducts

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a chimney, and in particular to a chimney constructed from separate chimney units, located one above another, and to chimney units therefor.
  • Chimneys are used in a variety of locations, and for a variety of applications. In particular, they may be used with a solar heat collector, the chimney containing one or more turbines to generate (electrical) power from the up- rushing, solar heated, air or other gas. Alternatively, they may be used for other types of power generation, or with desalination plants and/or as emission and exhaust devices.
  • chimneys have been constructed of brick, concrete, steel or other reinforced or substantially rigid materials. Rigid construction methods are also used. If the traditional chimneys are to be of great height and of great diameter, they are expensive to construct and to maintain. Additionally, the problems of wind resistance and aerodynamic stability in the event of strong lateral winds limit the height of such rigidly built chimneys.
  • the chimney units of the present invention can be modular sub-assemblies or they can be parts of the chimney which are similar to other parts - typically adjacent parts, above and below. Thus it is only necessary to describe one chimney unit, since the chimney will have many such units.
  • U.S. patent 3,489,077 teaches a waste discharge stack of tubular structure, buoyantly supported.
  • the assembled chimney is held erected by a balloon, and when so erected presents a solid external surface to impinging wind.
  • the chimney can be contracted in length, or collapsed, as by the use of bellows-like folds, telescoping stiff tubular sections, or hinged stiff tubular sections.
  • a self-supporting chimney constructed from separate inflated chimney units is known from our international application WO94/20710.
  • the units are mounted one on top of another, each unit comprising separate segments which can flex inwardly under the action of impinging wind, whereby to reduce the lateral wind force on the chimney and to permit the impinging wind to flow into the chimney and flow upwards towards the open chimney mouth.
  • each unit comprising separate segments which can flex inwardly under the action of impinging wind, whereby to reduce the lateral wind force on the chimney and to permit the impinging wind to flow into the chimney and flow upwards towards the open chimney mouth.
  • During use it is necessary to re-inflate units from which gas has escaped.
  • each chimney unit having an upstanding wall comprising separate segments, characterised in that a segment includes a composite panel, the panel having a first part which is individually movable relative to the remainder of the panel inwardly of the chimney.
  • a chimney formed from separate chimney units each unit comprising a plurality of panel sections, the panel sections being collapsible.
  • the panel sections Preferably all the panels of a unit are collapsible together. The panels will be selectively collapsed only under conditions of high wind speeds, for which deflection inwards of impinged panels is insufficient to maintain the wind force on the chimney below an upper pre-set limit.
  • the panel first part can be moved inwardly of the erected chimney, and the impinging wind can then flow into the chimney and be deflected in an upwards direction, towards the open mouth of the chimney.
  • the chimney can be lightweight. Additionally, because the panels are flexed inwardly under the influence of wind forces, and deflect the air into the chimney and upwards towards its open mouth, the chimney can withstand high lateral wind forces, and, together with its lightness, this allows a chimney to be constructed up to heights of, for example, 10,000 metres, and perhaps more.
  • the sectional construction of the chimney from separate units facilitates rapid construction.
  • the panels are secured to a lattice surrounding a central support column, a panel and its associated supporting lattice forming a segment.
  • Fig.l is a side sectional view of a chimney according to the invention.
  • Fig.2 is a perspective view of an opened panel for use with the construction of Fig.l;
  • Fig.3 is a perspective view of part of a chimney with collapsible panel sections.
  • the chimney arrangement 10 has an annular (upwards) flow passage around a central shaft 11.
  • Central shaft 11 is made in this embodiment of reinforced concrete, but in alternative embodiments is of steel or other strong and substantially rigid material.
  • Shaft 11 is anchored to the ground 12 with guy ropes 13, which are made in this embodiment from steel but in an alternative embodiment of nylon or other flexible high-tension bearing material.
  • the guy ropes 13 extend from the top of central shaft 11; in an alternative embodiment additional guy ropes extend from various vertically spaced positions upwardly (along the erected height of) central shaft 11.
  • Large diameter rings 14 made in this embodiment of very lightweight plastic material are suspended by support ropes or wires 15 from the central shaft 11 at various heights, in this embodiment from a position adjacent the top of central shaft 11 down to a position near the bottom of the shaft, and the rings and ropes help form an outer framework for chimney 10.
  • rings 14 are also anchored to the ground 12, with guy ropes 19 tightened to inhibit movement of rings 14 relative to the central shaft 11.
  • rings 14 each have an inner support ring which closely surrounds central shaft 11 and helps maintain (outer) ring 14 in relative position spaced from central shaft 11.
  • the large diameter rings 14 are interconnected with vertical wires 16, or as in this embodiment of light, but strong nylon cord, but in alternative embodiments of steel or aluminium cables.
  • the rings each hang from the ring above, with the uppermost ring supported by the central shaft 11.
  • the rings can also or alternatively be individually supported from central shaft 11 by wires 15, and in an alternative embodiment by rigid struts.
  • the vertical wires 16 (and thus the large diameter rings 14) are interconnected by horizontal cross-wires 17 to form an open-mesh net, with net openings 18; in this embodiment the net openings are lm square.
  • the net openings 18 are covered by cone shaped panels 20, shaped as seen in Fig.2.
  • the panels are secured around their aperture 21 to the mesh 16,17, but otherwise the remainder of the panel (the first part of the panel) can be blown by impinging wind further inwards of the mesh.
  • the panels 20 are made of very lightweight, long-lasting material, in this embodiment of nylon, but in alternative embodiments of selected plastic, composite fibre, or cloth materials.
  • the material is coated and treated to withstand ultra-violet and sunlight degradation and harsh climatic conditions.
  • the cone shaped panels 20 consist of a large aperture 21 (in this embodiment a square aperture lm by lm) to be secured to the wires 16,17 defining a mesh opening and to fit into a respective opening 18 of the net.
  • Large panel aperture 21 is thus in the position of use at the panel end which faces outwardly of the chimney 10; the panel also has a somewhat smaller second aperture 22 (in this embodiment 0.75 long by a width tapering from 0.75m) at its other or inner end.
  • the second and smaller aperture 22 is positioned in its position of use at the upper or top side of the cone shaped panel 20, as seen in Fig.2.
  • Each cone shaped panel 20 is thus constructed so that wind entering through the large aperture 21 will be deflected inwardly and upwardly into the chimney 10, along and perhaps also spiralling upwardly around central column or support 11; in a preferred embodiment there will be a wind deflection in the panel exceeding an angle of 30°. With the cone extended horizontally, and with fresh wind entering the chimney from aperture 22, there will be minimum risk of air upflowing from below leaking out of an aperture 22.
  • the natural updraft in the chimney can be expected to cause the cone-shaped panels, in particular the edge 23, to be pushed upwardly, so that the sheet 24 substantially or completely closes off the large opening 21, preventing the escape of the updraft air laterally from the chimney.
  • each cone shaped panel 20 may be constructed in such a way that a stronger wind will blow straight in through large aperture 21 and exit through second aperture 22 into the chimney 10 without being deflected or without being substantially deflected.
  • a very strong wind can blow in laterally from one side of chimney 10 through one or more of the large apertures 21, and through second aperture 22 and travel across the inside of chimney 10 and exit through the opposite wall areas (at an approximately opposite position as some deflection will take place); the wind will turn the opposite panel inside out, so that the second aperture of the opposite panel is outside the net of the chimney wires 16,17; the wind enters the large opening of the opposite panel and exits through the second aperture 22 on the (approximate) opposite side of chimney 10.
  • a net with a smaller mesh size than that of the net openings 18 is fixed outwardly of each respective net opening 18. The net will thus prevent a cone shaped panel 20 being blown or sucked out of or away from the chimney 10.
  • Cone shaped panels are a preferred embodiment for the invention, but the panels could be of any shape which provides a wind inlet (from outside the chimney) and wind outlet (to inside the rings and lattice framework); and with connection means positioned to allow a panel to hang down (or up) so as to cover the net openings 18 (in the absence of strong outside wind forces, to minimise leakage of wind already in the chimney).
  • the panels can hang down, so that together they act to form an outer curtain wall for the chimney 10 (the sheet 25 covering the opening 21).
  • the large diameter rings form the circumference of the chimney, along with the vertical wires and cross-wires.
  • the cone shaped panels remain substantially closed unless a external wind force bears on the chimney.
  • the second aperture has an expandable opening, adopting its maximum (opened) position at a selected impinging wind force.
  • an inner tube (not shown), of a diameter larger that the central shaft 11 but smaller than that of the large diameter rings 14, can be suspended in the chimney, around the chimney shaft 11, the inner tube being of a flexible material, or in an alternative embodiment of a semi-rigid material.
  • the inner tube has openings corresponding to (preferably aligned with) the panel aperture 22, whereby to deflect impinging wind so that it will flow upwardly within the inner tube and thus within the chimney.
  • the inner tube openings are directly connected to the respective panel apertures 22.
  • fans and wind turbines located at the bottom end of the chimney, in known fashion, suitably to use the wind in the chimney to generate electrical energy.
  • each chimney panel section 40 can be wound down i.e. it can be collapsed as shown for panel section 40a of the upper chimney unit, to a position where it is only minimally subject to the cross-wind force, and there possibly be stowed away.
  • the panel section 40a can be raised back to the operating position as shown for the lower chimney unit.
  • the circular rings 34 are suspended from the central shaft 31 by suspension cables 35 in similar fashion to those of the embodiment of Fig.l, and in this embodiment are fixed to the central shaft by spokes 32.
  • Interconnected cable mesh wires 36 and 37 are used to connect the circular rings in sections to each other.
  • Collapsible cylindrical panel sections 40 provide a wall or cladding spaced from the central shaft 31, in this embodiment being however mounted inside the cable mesh wires 36,37, and they are respectively connected to the circular rings from the topmost ring downwards.
  • the panel sections are mounted on pulleys 41, in this embodiment at the top of each section (though only shown at the top of the top-most section in the drawings, for clarity), but in alternative embodiments at the bottom or at both top and bottom.
  • the panel sections are in this embodiment fitted with electronic sensors 42 adapted to sense the wind speed and thus the wind force, and to generate a signal when the force exceeds a pre-set value; in an alternative embodiment there are sensors only for some of the panels, preferably those of the topmost chimney unit.
  • the wind speed is measured only when weather conditions dictate, and by ground based means such as the release and observation of weather balloons.
  • the signal from one or more of the sensors 42 triggers a response mechanism 43 which will react to excess wind speeds to wind down the panel sections, usefully in concertina fashion.
  • the response mechanism reacts to a ground based signal, which may itself have been instigated by a signal from a sensor 42.
  • the panel sections 40 may be wound down together, or one section at a time, all sections being left in place as long as possible even in conditions of increasing wind speeds. Alternatively, as the wind speed increases towards the danger level, more sections can progressively be lowered to the position shown for section 40a.
  • the erected chimney can be designed to withstand the normal maximum wind speeds, so that the partial or full collapsing procedure is only activated for the exceptional wind speeds which occur perhaps two or three times a year.
  • the chimney be designed to withstand when erected a cyclonic wind speed of 150 km/hr, which might occur for perhaps 20 hours each year, when for the rest of the year it need only withstand a lesser maximum wind speed of perhaps 100 km/hr or 60 km/hr, with therefore a great saving in construction cost yet allowing full erected chimney operation for over 99% of the hours available throughout the year.
  • the erection of the panels from the 40a position can also be made automatic, when the sensors indicate that the wind speed has dropped to an safe level.
  • the minimum wind speed we foresee for sensor activation of the winding-down gear would be 29 Km/hr. This relatively low threshold might be set when the material of the panel sections is expensive to replace, with therefore care being necessary if panel life is to be acceptable.
  • the panels can be collapsed to ground level, which may be advantageous despite the extra time required for the occasional collapse and re-erection, if frequent panel replacement is contemplated. With all the panel sections collapsed, the chimney operation is shut down.
  • the chimney may have a diameter of 10m or more, and a height from 20m to 5000m.
  • the chimney can be connected to a power plant utilising the updraft to produce electricity for the national grid or for large factories, and can be installed in remote locations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une cheminée (10) constituée d'éléments qui peuvent se déplacer séparément vers l'intérieur de celle-ci sous l'effet d'une pression exercée par le vent. Ladite cheminée (10) est constituée d'une charpente en réseau qui entoure une colonne centrale (11) et qui porte des panneaux (20) qui peuvent s'ouvrir vers l'intérieur de la charpente pour laisser entrer l'air. Ces panneaux (20) peuvent être abaissés en cas de vent fort.
PCT/IB1995/000586 1994-07-29 1995-07-25 Cheminee WO1996004443A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LK1068794 1994-07-29
LK10687 1994-07-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996004443A1 true WO1996004443A1 (fr) 1996-02-15

Family

ID=19720967

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB1995/000586 WO1996004443A1 (fr) 1994-07-29 1995-07-25 Cheminee

Country Status (2)

Country Link
IN (1) IN182906B (fr)
WO (1) WO1996004443A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7735483B2 (en) * 2003-03-27 2010-06-15 Christos Papageorgiou Floating solar chimney
JP2014224393A (ja) * 2013-05-16 2014-12-04 日立造船株式会社 塔状物構造、ユニット構造体及び塔状物の施工方法
WO2015074164A1 (fr) * 2013-11-20 2015-05-28 李耀中 Appareil d'auto-génération d'énergie éolienne et procédé de génération d'énergie électrique associé
WO2018032124A1 (fr) * 2016-08-18 2018-02-22 李耀中 Procédé d'utilisation de fluide naturel pour générer une puissance constante

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2222516A1 (fr) * 1973-03-21 1974-10-18 Uss Eng & Consult
US3994108A (en) * 1975-01-16 1976-11-30 Tower Technology Inc. Tower structure
DE2640177A1 (de) * 1976-09-07 1978-03-16 Hans Dr Ing Sonnenschein Kuehlturm, insbesondere fuer thermische kraftwerke
FR2472154A1 (fr) * 1979-12-20 1981-06-26 Metalliques Entrepr Cie Fse Conduit de refroidissement pour echangeur thermique du type aerorefrigerant
EP0034541A2 (fr) * 1980-02-18 1981-08-26 Electricite De France Cheminée ou conduit vertical pour l'écoulement de gaz

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2222516A1 (fr) * 1973-03-21 1974-10-18 Uss Eng & Consult
US3994108A (en) * 1975-01-16 1976-11-30 Tower Technology Inc. Tower structure
DE2640177A1 (de) * 1976-09-07 1978-03-16 Hans Dr Ing Sonnenschein Kuehlturm, insbesondere fuer thermische kraftwerke
FR2472154A1 (fr) * 1979-12-20 1981-06-26 Metalliques Entrepr Cie Fse Conduit de refroidissement pour echangeur thermique du type aerorefrigerant
EP0034541A2 (fr) * 1980-02-18 1981-08-26 Electricite De France Cheminée ou conduit vertical pour l'écoulement de gaz

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7735483B2 (en) * 2003-03-27 2010-06-15 Christos Papageorgiou Floating solar chimney
JP2014224393A (ja) * 2013-05-16 2014-12-04 日立造船株式会社 塔状物構造、ユニット構造体及び塔状物の施工方法
WO2015074164A1 (fr) * 2013-11-20 2015-05-28 李耀中 Appareil d'auto-génération d'énergie éolienne et procédé de génération d'énergie électrique associé
CN104884793A (zh) * 2013-11-20 2015-09-02 李耀中 自产风力的装置及其发电的方法
CN104884793B (zh) * 2013-11-20 2017-09-12 李耀中 自产风力的装置及其发电的方法
WO2018032124A1 (fr) * 2016-08-18 2018-02-22 李耀中 Procédé d'utilisation de fluide naturel pour générer une puissance constante

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN182906B (fr) 1999-08-07

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