WO1996001704A1 - Procede, dispositif et installation de traitement aerobie de boues - Google Patents

Procede, dispositif et installation de traitement aerobie de boues Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996001704A1
WO1996001704A1 PCT/AT1995/000144 AT9500144W WO9601704A1 WO 1996001704 A1 WO1996001704 A1 WO 1996001704A1 AT 9500144 W AT9500144 W AT 9500144W WO 9601704 A1 WO9601704 A1 WO 9601704A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
explosion
chamber
oxygen
elongated
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT1995/000144
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dietrich Ranner
Original Assignee
Dietrich Ranner
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dietrich Ranner filed Critical Dietrich Ranner
Priority to EP95923118A priority Critical patent/EP0768925A1/fr
Publication of WO1996001704A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996001704A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/26—Activated sludge processes using pure oxygen or oxygen-rich gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00—In situ
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the aerobic treatment of sludge, for example sewage sludge in sewage treatment plants and sludge layers from dying organisms in water by introducing oxygen into the sludge mass.
  • Sludges from organic microbial processes e.g. Sewage sludge
  • need for various reasons e.g. for the purpose of rapid mineralization and to break down odorous substances from an aerobic treatment, i.e. the ongoing supply of oxygen.
  • the invention therefore aims to supply oxygen or air enriched with oxygen to the sludges to be mineralized, first of all to eliminate the disadvantageous consequences of the nitrate treatment and compared to known ones
  • SPARE BLADE (RULE 26) Process to achieve a much better aeration of sludge in order to increase the degradation performance and reduce the oxygen consumption.
  • the oxygen abruptly by means of explosion gases from the ignition of a gas mixture for example an H 2 / O 2 mixture, a methane / O 2 mixture, a propane / O 2 Mixture or the like is supplied as a transport medium at locally limited places inside the sludge mass.
  • a gas mixture for example an H 2 / O 2 mixture, a methane / O 2 mixture, a propane / O 2 Mixture or the like.
  • the invention has therefore found a solution by means of which the large amount of energy required for distributing the oxygen in the sludge, ie a high gas pressure, is provided, but on the other hand the amount of gas is kept small, as a result of which a strong outgassing with sludge whirling is prevented.
  • the combustion of small amounts of H 2 in air or oxygen-enriched air leads in the process according to the invention both to the desired pressure peaks and to the required small amounts of gas which get into the sludge per combustion cycle.
  • the oxygen-hydrogen mixture is ignitable in concentration ranges from 4.7 to 93.9% by volume (hydrogen). With appropriate mixture formation, sufficient oxygen can therefore be introduced into the medium to be aerated.
  • the amount of oxygen entered should not be greater than the amount of oxygen that can be breathed or consumed by the aerobic bacteria. Minor excesses in the amount of oxygen, which do not exceed 5% in the methane gas, can be safely tolerated. With a suitable measuring and control device, the required limit values can easily be met. It is particularly expedient for the aerobization of the sludge if, in a process variant according to the invention, the oxygen is intermittent to the sludge at a pressure between 15 and 50, preferably 20 bar in one
  • the intervals between the individual fumigations can be between 10 sec and 30 min.
  • a simple device system is frequently used for the aeration of sewage sludge and of oxygen-poor waters, which essentially makes use of perforated hoses, via which oxygen or air is introduced into the sludge with a slight overpressure relative to the surrounding medium.
  • the perforations in the hoses are pierced with special needles to form valve flaps that are intended to prevent water from entering the hose as soon as the gas supply is interrupted. It can be seen immediately that in such systems the air bubbles that arise rise immediately and precisely vertically above the hose due to the weight difference. In the water, oxygen distribution by convection can still be expected, but this is impossible in the mud or sediment.
  • the invention provides a remedy here by a device for carrying out the method according to the invention, which is characterized in that an elongated, e.g. an explosion chamber of 40 to 200 m long, in particular formed by a pressure-resistant hose or pipe, is provided in the jacket of which openings which can be closed and which are in particular formed as pressure relief valves, are arranged in the explosion chamber, by 5 - 50 cm apart, in a manner known per se, at least one ignition device is provided.
  • the pressure-resistant hose, on which the valves are arranged at a distance from one another becomes a mixture of oxygen or of oxygen-enriched air and hydrogen or a carbon-containing gas, such as methane, butane, propane and the like, and oxygen in one under low pressure explosive relationship.
  • REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26) trained combustion chamber leads to a desired sudden pressure rise, which leads to the fact that oxygen or oxygen-containing gas escapes from the valves attached to the tube under high pressure, but in a relatively small amount.
  • Ignition device is located in a combustion chamber which is arranged at one end of the elongate explosion chamber and which is provided or connected with an in particular adjustable throttle and a relief valve which restores the state before the combustion after each combustion. If the explosive gas mixture is ignited at one end of the hose or pipe by means of the ignition device, a pressure wave races through the entire hose, whereby all valves open one after the other and a certain one, due to the dimensioning of the valves, the gas pressure before the explosion and the mixing ratio of the gas adjustable amount of gas is shot into the surrounding medium. In this case, very high pressures of between 15 and 50, preferably 20, bar can be generated in the medium to be ventilated for a short time and locally, which is conducive to the penetration of the medium to be aerated with oxygen.
  • a significant advantage also results from the fact that the pressure wave leading the explosion wave opens the valves of the explosion chamber before the explosion wave itself reaches the respective valve, so that the entire energy of the combustion taking place in the area of the valve is used to accelerate the escaping oxygen-containing gas stream. Due to the pressure increase due to the combustion of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture or the mixture of a carbon-containing gas and oxygen, the same blow-out pressures occur on all valves regardless of the length of the hose, which would not be the case with an explosive gas supply at one end of the hose .
  • ERSATZBLAH (RULE 26) Connection is established, the hydrogen and oxygen, especially as air, can be supplied.
  • each hose is assigned its own gas supply, which increases explosion safety.
  • An embodiment in which the mixing chamber is provided with three separate gas connections, each of which is preferably connected to the mixing chamber via a check valve, also works in this sense, one gas connection being connected to an oxygen source and the other two gas connections being connected to a hydrogen source stand, of which one source of hydrogen provides the basic hydrogen load and the second source of hydrogen the hydrogen ignition gas.
  • the explosion chamber can be connected to a distributor line for the ignitable gas mixture, a check valve, for example a check valve designed with a gas-permeable porous body, similar to the check valve for acetylene gas lines, preferably being provided at the connection point.
  • a check valve for example a check valve designed with a gas-permeable porous body, similar to the check valve for acetylene gas lines, preferably being provided at the connection point.
  • the ignition device is designed as a glow element, for example glow rod or glow plug.
  • the ignition device can be arranged at that end of the elongate explosion chamber which lies from the connection point of the elongate explosion chamber to the distributor line.
  • the glow rod or glow plug is kept hot, it is ensured that an explosion always occurs when an ignitable gas mixture flowing in the longitudinal direction of the explosion chamber reaches the glow element. If the supply point for the ignitable mixture and the glow element are arranged at the opposite ends of the explosion chamber, the ignitable mixture flows in countercurrent to the explosion wave.
  • the elongate explosion chamber can be connected to a collecting pipe in the region of its end remote from the connection point to the distributor line for the ignitable gas mixture, which in turn is connected to a water separator or to a
  • REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (REG ⁇ 26) Separator for carbonaceous components of the burned gas is connected. This measure allows the oxygen still present in the burned-out gases to be obtained.
  • the water separator and / or the separator for carbon-containing components (CO 2 ) of the burned-out gas when using carbon-containing gases is connected to a compressor, the output of which is connected to a mixing and control chamber for the components, in particular, contained in stores, for example H 2 and O 2 or carbon-containing gas and O 2 .
  • An embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized by particular simplicity with high functional reliability, in which the valves closing or controlling the openings in the jacket of the elongated explosion chamber are formed by elastic sleeves which enclose the elongated explosion chamber under tension, after lifting off the respective sleeve under the pressure acting on the inner wall of the cuff via the opening in the jacket of the elongated chamber, which escapes the oxygen-carrying explosion gas through the gap between the two end faces of the cuff and the jacket of the elongated explosion chamber.
  • the gas travels a relatively long way from the nozzle-like openings in the jacket through the elastic sleeve to the trailing edge, whereby it cools down so much through expansion that the ignition temperature required for methane-air mixtures fell below approximately 500 ° C becomes.
  • each sleeve is arranged between two fixed support rings provided on the jacket of the elongated explosion chamber.
  • ERSATZBLA ⁇ RULE 26 Another subject of the invention is a system for treating sludge by supplying oxygen, in which, according to the invention, in the sludge layer to be treated, several elongate explosion chambers with gas outlet openings in the explosion chamber jacket, the distance from one another preferably between 500 to 700 mm, optionally also 50 to 500 mm in the longitudinal direction of the explosion chamber amounts to be embedded.
  • Each elongated explosion chamber can form a treatment unit (ventilation unit) for the sludge on its own, so completely independently of any other explosion chambers provided in the system. This ensures that outside the explosion chamber serving to ventilate the sludge, the formation of flammable or explosive gas mixtures outside the pipes 6 is excluded.
  • a plurality of explosion chambers can be connected to a common distributor line for the fresh gas mixture and a common collector pipe for the burned-out gas mixture.
  • the embedding depth of the explosion chamber is between 300 to 500 mm below the surface of the sludge layer, but can also be up to 700 mm, especially if explosion chambers that are completely independent of one another are used.
  • Explosion pressure expands and performs a peristaltic movement and transmits a shock wave to the surrounding medium to promote ventilation.
  • FIG. 6 a detail modified compared to FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 7 shows a system modified from FIG. 5, in which the gases are supplied separately to each explosion chamber,
  • FIG. 8 shows a circuit diagram for the gas supply suitable for a system according to FIG. 7,
  • FIG. 9 shows an end of an explosion chamber with the elements for
  • Fig. 10 is a view of the device of FIG. 9 in the direction of arrow X.
  • FIG. 11 schematically shows in a longitudinal section the ignition device which is connected to the second end of the explosion chamber (which does not have the gas supply device).
  • a memory 1 for hydrogen or a carbon-containing gas such as
  • Methane, butane, propane, etc. a storage 2 for oxygen and one
  • Compressor station 3 the gases mentioned are fed to a mixing and control chamber 4, the mixing ratio between the three components being adjustable to the desired ratio.
  • the gas mixture passes via a distributor line 5 to the hoses 6 forming the elongated explosion chamber, the jacket of which is equipped with valves 7 for the closure of
  • Openings 15 in the hose jacket is equipped.
  • the ignition devices 8 As soon as the gas has reached the ignition devices 8, it is ignited there.
  • the resulting explosion wave rushes through the hose 6 in the opposite direction to the flow of the fresh gas, wherein - as already described - oxygen-containing gas shoots out of the valves 7.
  • Non-return devices 9 prevent ignition of the gas mixture in the
  • REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26) Distribution line 5 The kickback protection can be formed by a flap which is provided with a gas-permeable, porous body, similar to the kickback protection in acetylene lines for welding machines. For safety reasons, the distribution line is still protected with an Ex flap 10.
  • the ignition device 8 can be formed by an incandescent rod which is kept at least at the ignition temperature at all times and does not require any special clock control. If 8 spark plugs are used as the ignition device, a control for the supply of the ignition energy is required, a sensor for detecting the presence of an ignitable mixture in the area of the spark plug being required. The burned-out gas is the one flowing in from the distribution line 5
  • Fresh gas is pressed into a manifold 11, where a pressure regulator 12 ensures that there is an adjustable gas pressure in the entire system, formed by the construction elements designated 4 to 11.
  • the cycle time (interval between two explosions) is therefore dependent on the quantity of fresh gas supplied and the length of the hoses 6.
  • the time in which the sludge experiences gassing due to the explosive supply of oxygen with the explosion gas can be between 10 seconds and 30 min lie.
  • the duration of a single sudden fumigation is in the millisecond range.
  • the gas is freed of water in a water separator 13. If carbon-containing gases are used as carriers for the oxygen for aerobization, the collecting pipe 11 is connected to a separator for the carbon-containing components (CO 2 ) of the burned-out gas. Because of the still high oxygen content, the gases freed from water or the carbon-containing components are pressed again into the mixing and control chamber 4 via a compressor 14, where the recirculated gas is enriched with oxygen, air and hydrogen, and again into the distributor line 5 for supplying the hoses 6 is supplied.
  • CO 2 carbon-containing components
  • valve 7 also contributes to the success of the method according to the invention.
  • a possible embodiment is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the valve 7 has the following tasks:
  • REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26) 1.) Sealing of the hose 6 forming the explosion chamber against the medium surrounding the hose.
  • the valve 7 shown in Fig. 2 meets the above requirements and corresponds essentially to the known bicycle hose valves.
  • An elastic sleeve 16 is pulled onto the hose 6 with the openings 15 in such a way that it exerts a certain prestress on the hose 6.
  • the gas pressure acting on the cross-sectional area of the openings 15 is lower than the pressure of the prestressed sleeve 16, no gas emerges from the hose 6.
  • the pressure wave leading to the explosion lifts the cuff 16
  • the area on the inside of the cuff to which the gas pressure is exerted suddenly increases and there are, e.g. the channels 17 shown in Fig. 3 between the hose 6 and the sleeve 16, from which the gas jet emerges well bundled from the gaps 18 in the planes of the two end faces 21 of the sleeve 16.
  • the cuff 16 is arranged between two rings 28, which prevents the cuff from moving along the hose 6 formed by a PE pipe.
  • the openings 15 can be arranged in an annular groove 43 of the PE pipe.
  • the elongated explosion chambers e.g. Hoses 6 can be installed permanently in sewage treatment plants. In lakes they can be laid in the mud at a depth of 300 to 500 mm, but also up to 700 mm, using a device according to FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows a hose 6 laid in a soft sludge sediment 22.
  • the gas jets emerging from the valves 7, which form a kind of tulip, are designated 23 in FIG. 5.
  • the hoses 6 already provided with the valves 7 can be laid in the soft sludge layer 22 of a body of water from a raft 24.
  • a reel 25 is mounted on the raft 24, from which the hose 6 is pulled off and through a bottom opening 26 of the raft 24
  • the sword 27 is inserted into the mud layer 22.
  • the sword 27 cuts into the soft sludge layer 22 and has a vertical guide channel 28 for the hose 6 on its front side in the laying direction P.
  • the hoses 6 can also be accommodated in the sand or gravel of the lake bed.
  • Each tube 6 forms an aeration unit for the sludge 22 on its own and completely independently of the other tubes which may also be provided.
  • the tube 6 can have a length of 40-200 m and is in
  • valves 7 15 ventilation area equipped with valves 7, which are mounted at a distance of 50 cm on pipe 6.
  • Each individual valve 7 consists of a highly elastic sleeve 16, which is put over openings 15, which are arranged in a groove 43 on the PE pipe 6, thus on the one hand hindering the penetration of water into the pipe 6, on the other hand, the escape of oxygen under appropriate conditions Allows printing.
  • the tube 6 is provided on one side with a mixing chamber 33 (FIGS. 9, 10) and on the other with the ignition device 8 (FIG. 11).
  • Main supply lines 51, 52 and 53 turn gas into the mixing chamber
  • the ignition device 8 mounted at the other end of the tube 6 consists of a combustion chamber with an adjustable throttle
  • the system essentially works like a two-stroke engine. After the combustion there is a slight overpressure in tube 6. 5 Air and hydrogen base load flow from lines 51 and 52 via throttles and check valves with a relatively high bias pressure into the mixing chamber 33. From line 53 an additional amount of hydrogen with a slight overpressure above the pressure prevailing in tube 6. Since the relief valve 31 is closed at the other end of the tube 6, the residual gas can
  • the main lines 51, 52, 53 are dimensioned such that the same pressure is applied to all tubes 6. This ensures that the same conditions prevail in all tubes 6.
  • non-return devices valves 37, 38, 39
  • a non-return safety device 32 can also be provided between the mixing chambers 33 and the tube 6.
  • the gas supply consists of an air enrichment system and a hydrogen supply 58.
  • the air enrichment system consists of a compressor 55 with a capacity of preferably 300 N ⁇ vVh and a liquid oxygen tank 56 (content preferably 11000 liters), with evaporator 57 and a delivery capacity of e.g. up to 150 N Vh.
  • the oxygen enrichment from the tank 56 will approximately double the oxygen content of the air, that is to say 40%.
  • a controlled system and a downstream buffer store, preferably 6 m 3 ensure constant enrichment and gas pressure.
  • the hydrogen system 58 consists of a bundle of hydrogen bottles (batteries) on a semitrailer and corresponding pressure reducers for supplying the base load (line 52) and the ignition gas (line 53).

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)

Abstract

Selon un procédé de traitement aérobie de boues, par exemple des boues de curage dans des installations d'épuration et des couches de boue constituées d'organismes mourants dans des eaux, on injecte de l'oxygène dans la masse de boue. L'oxygène est injecté brusquement dans des endroits délimités à l'intérieur de la masse de boue par des gaz qui servent de milieu de transport de l'oxygène et qui se dégagent lors de la détonation d'un mélange de gaz, par exemple d'un mélange de H2/O2, d'un mélange de méthane/O2, d'un mélange de propane/O2 ou similaire. Un dispositif permettant la mise en ÷uvre de ce procédé comprend une chambre d'explosion allongée, ayant par exemple entre 40 et 200 m de longueur, constituée notamment d'un tuyau flexible (6) ou rigide résistant à la pression. Des soupapes (7) mutuellement écartées de 5 à 50 cm, notamment des soupapes de surpression, et des ouvertures fermables (15) sont ménagées dans l'enveloppe du tuyau (6). Au moins un détonateur (8) est monté de manière connue en soi dans la chambre d'explosion.
PCT/AT1995/000144 1994-07-07 1995-07-05 Procede, dispositif et installation de traitement aerobie de boues WO1996001704A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95923118A EP0768925A1 (fr) 1994-07-07 1995-07-05 Procede, dispositif et installation de traitement aerobie de boues

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA1347/94 1994-07-07
AT0134794A AT401384B (de) 1994-07-07 1994-07-07 Verfahren zur aeroben behandlung von schlämmen, vorrichtung zur erzeugung des transportmediums für sauerstoff zur durchführung des verfahrens und anlage unter verwendung der vorrichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996001704A1 true WO1996001704A1 (fr) 1996-01-25

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AT1995/000144 WO1996001704A1 (fr) 1994-07-07 1995-07-05 Procede, dispositif et installation de traitement aerobie de boues

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0768925A1 (fr)
AT (1) AT401384B (fr)
WO (1) WO1996001704A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1007160A (en) * 1974-04-02 1977-03-22 Earl M. Mattes Composition for explosively fracturing wells
FR2585405A2 (fr) * 1985-07-25 1987-01-30 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Dispositif tubulaire perdu pour la fermeture de trous de forages
EP0292736A2 (fr) * 1987-05-29 1988-11-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'alimentation en gaz de matières solides en vrac
DE4001320A1 (de) * 1989-11-02 1991-05-08 Herbert Dr Ing Klapperich Anordnung zur mikrobiologischen sanierung eines kontaminierten erdbodens
EP0489705A2 (fr) * 1990-12-03 1992-06-10 Aga Aktiebolag Procédé et dispositif pour l'injection de gaz contenant de l'oxygène

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD228535B1 (de) * 1984-11-16 1989-08-02 Dresden Komplette Chemieanlag Verfahren zum abfahren und inertisieren von biogasanlagen
DE3840123A1 (de) * 1988-11-29 1990-05-31 Ruhrkohle Carborat Gmbh Aerobe biologische abwasserreinigung

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1007160A (en) * 1974-04-02 1977-03-22 Earl M. Mattes Composition for explosively fracturing wells
FR2585405A2 (fr) * 1985-07-25 1987-01-30 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Dispositif tubulaire perdu pour la fermeture de trous de forages
EP0292736A2 (fr) * 1987-05-29 1988-11-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'alimentation en gaz de matières solides en vrac
DE4001320A1 (de) * 1989-11-02 1991-05-08 Herbert Dr Ing Klapperich Anordnung zur mikrobiologischen sanierung eines kontaminierten erdbodens
EP0489705A2 (fr) * 1990-12-03 1992-06-10 Aga Aktiebolag Procédé et dispositif pour l'injection de gaz contenant de l'oxygène

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0768925A1 (fr) 1997-04-23
ATA134794A (de) 1996-01-15
AT401384B (de) 1996-08-26

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