WO1996000134A1

WO1996000134A1 - Method and installation for separating usable materials from mixtures

Info

Publication number: WO1996000134A1
Application number: PCT/DE1995/000695
Authority: WO
Inventors: Elmar Klomfass; Eberhard Stodt; Konrad KÖHNEN; Erwin Kaldenbach
Original assignee: Lindemann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh
Priority date: 1994-06-23
Filing date: 1995-05-23
Publication date: 1996-01-04
Also published as: DE4421681A1; EP0766606A1

Abstract

In order to separate usable materials cleanly from mixtures containing several different constituents, the invention proposes a method and an associated installation comprising a compact system with several separation zones (I, II, III, IV) designed so that their interaction with the constituents to be separated takes advantage of the different properties of the various constituents.

Description

Process and device for separating valuable materials from material mixtures

Technical field

The invention relates to a method and a device for separating valuable materials from material mixtures of different components with at least one hard material component, such as e.g. Metals, stones, and at least one elastic material component, e.g. Rubber, foams, as well as added light materials.

Such material mixtures are to be separated in recycling processes in order to obtain the reusable materials contained and reusable.

State of the art

Devices for separating material mixtures, which essentially consist of conveyor systems and separation systems, are generally known. The separation systems used include Baffles or partitions as well as rotating rollers are used.

This arrangement is used in the separation of material mixtures from hard materials and organic parts as a so-called throwing spinner. So-called centrifugal bunkers or inclined plate belt separators serve the same purpose.

In addition to the known magnetic separating drums or tapes, devices are known for separating non-metals and non-ferrous metals from a material mixture in accordance with DE 37 10 335 A1. consist of a slide and an impact surface designed as a rotatable deflection drum.

In conveyor technology, vibratory conveyor systems operated with unbalance motors are also known, in which an acceleration of the throwing force is forced on the transported goods. It is known from EP 0 139 783-AI to use a vibratory conveyor system with unbalance motors attached to each long side of the conveyor trough for the processing of scrap, debris or the like in order to free-mix the mixture applied to the inclined vibrating trough by means of a conveyor separate at least two components. The conveyor trough is moved both horizontally and vertically by the two unbalance motors, so that it carries out an oscillating movement with a vertical and a horizontal component. Depending on their nature, the components of the mixture are either moved downwards or upwards in the direction of inclination of the conveyor trough. Solid components with low internal damping, e.g. non-ferrous metals, will slide down in the direction of inclination of the conveyor chute, while softer components, e.g. rubber, which have a higher internal damping, will be conveyed upwards by the oscillating movement of the conveyor trough. When processing non-ferrous scrap, which also contains, for example, rubber waste, cable scrap and the like, the non-ferrous components along the conveyor trough are consequently moved and the rubber waste and cable scrap are moved to a considerable extent in the opposite direction.

In order to achieve a better separation result from rubber, it has already been proposed to arrange the unbalance generator at a distance from the conveyor trough.

In addition, devices for separating material mixtures from materials with different densities (DE-Gbm 92 18 369.7) or for pneumatically separating light and heavy, particulate material (EP 0 423 208 B1) are also known, in which they are specifically specific light components can be separated using special air-blowing devices. Finally, air-assisted separators are also known as air sources, as described, for example, in DE 41 18 675.

It is disadvantageous that material mixtures of the type described at the outset, namely with the components metals, stones, rubber, foams, fibrous light materials in recycling processes cannot be separated according to type with these known devices.

Presentation of the invention

The invention is therefore based on the object of mixing specifically mixed components, such as at least one hard material component, e.g. Metals, stones and at least one elastic material component, such as rubber, foams and admixed light materials, to separate the valuable materials from the other constituents in a compact process.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by a method by means of a compact system of a plurality of separation zones, which, in terms of their interaction with the substance components to be separated, can each be designed according to their properties. According to the method steps according to the invention, the properties of the material components to be separated are first determined, then at least one first elastic material component is separated off in a first separation zone, then at least one second elastic material component is separated off in a second separation zone and at least one elastic material component is separated off in at least one further separation zone and separated off at least one hard material component.

Since the material mixtures mentioned at the beginning often contain light materials, it is advisable to separate them off in the first separation zone. With a particularly large density Different from the material components, the process provides for a further separation of light substances in a floating zone, which takes place after at least a third separation zone. In order to optimize the process with regard to its efficiency, the properties of the material components are recorded and determined from the respective material mixture, then the material mixture or the components are fed to the respective separation zones and finally the technical parameters for the separation zones are set in accordance with the properties of the material components.

To carry out the method, the device according to the invention consists of a compact system of conveyor belt, rotating impact surface, at least one inclined vibrating conveyor trough with an unbalance distance and air feeds, which forms the separation zones and can be changed with respect to the respective distances of its equipment parts from one another within the system according to the properties of the material components is. In an embodiment of the device according to the invention, the first separation zone is formed from the conveyor belt and the rotating impact surface, which can expediently also contain an adjustable magnetic separator, the second separation zone is delimited by the rotating impact surface and a separation apex and the further separation zone is composed of at least one inclined vibratory conveyor trough shown with unbalance distance. An air nozzle is assigned to the first separation zone in order to separate the light materials. For the further separation of light materials, an air cooker is provided in the levitation zone after the vibrating conveyor trough.

Further details of the device that supplement and support the principle of the invention can be found in the claims. It is characteristic of the idea of the invention for all parts of the device that they can be set, changed or regulated in accordance with the properties of the material components within a compact system. For this purpose, a control and regulating device can be provided synchronously with the process, which records and defines the parameters of the material components and then adjusts the device parts assigned to the separation zones. The tests carried out by the method according to the invention and with the device surprisingly brought about a practically pure separation of material mixtures of the type mentioned at the outset, with the result that, for example, the degree of separation of rubber parts from a presorted rubber-PVC mixture with the proportions approx. 10% rubber in the grain sizes 15 ... 45 mm to <5% and the PVC concentration to> 97% could be achieved.

Brief description of the drawings

Show in the drawings

Fig. 1 shows the schematic flow of the method with the scheme of an inventive

Facility,

Fig. 2 shows the schematic representation of Fig. 1, in which the rotating impact surface

Contains magnetic separator.

Best way to carry out the invention

The invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 and 2 is a compact system according to the invention for separating valuable materials from material mixtures with components of specifically different densities based on the separation zones I, II, III and a further separating floating zone IV.

The first separation zone I consists of a conveyor belt 11 and a rotating impact surface 13, preferably a roller-shaped deflection drum, which can be changed in its direction of rotation and speed as a function of the properties of the material components to be separated, and according to FIG Throwing parabolas of the adjustable magnetic separator 15 for a magnetic material component H ³ may be formed, the impact surface 13 being at least partially roughened to change the coefficient of friction. An air nozzle 12, not shown, is arranged between the end of the conveyor belt 11, the inclination and / or speed of which can be adjusted depending on the properties of the components to be separated, and the rotating impact surface 13.

The second separation zone II is made up of the rotating impact surface 13 and a separating apex 16 which can be pivoted, adjusted in height or with respect to the angle, height and / or the distances to the rotating impact surface 13 and / or to an inclined vibrating conveyor trough depending on the properties of the separating substance components is adjustable, limited. If necessary, further separation vertices 16, not shown, can be assigned to the separation zones I, II, III in order to improve the separation result.

The third separation zones III each consist of an inclined vibrating conveyor trough 14, the vibrating conveyor trough 14 shown on the right in FIGS. 1 and 2 being followed by an air source 17 as a separating levitation zone IV. The vibrating conveyor troughs 14 expediently have at least one unbalance generator 19 which is arranged at a distance from the vibrating conveyor trough 14 and which can preferably be a speed-controlled unbalance motor. The inclination of the vibrating conveyor troughs 14 is in turn adjustable depending on the properties of the material components to be separated.

To set the device parts 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 19 assigned to the separation zones I, II, III, IV depending on the recorded and defined parameters of the material components (H, E, L), a control and control device (18) is provided, which is only indicated in connection with the separation zones I, II, III, IV and the device parts 11 to 17 and 19.

1, a material mixture to be separated, consisting of hard recyclable components H, such as Metals, stones, etc., elastic material components E, e.g. Rubber, foams etc., and admixed light materials L, e.g. fibrous substances, via the feed container 10 to the conveyor belt 11 as a mixture designated H + E + L in this example.

In accordance with the basic principle of the method according to the invention, the substance components to be separated are already determined according to their properties for the design of the separation zones I, II, III, IV. This can be carried out using suitable software via the control and regulating device 18.

Thereafter, in the first separation zone I, at least one first elastic, specifically relatively light material component E ^{1 is} separated off via the rotating impact surface 13, with the air nozzle 12 being able, if necessary, to first separate light materials L ¹ , such as fibrous materials, the removal of which is not shown is, and can be realized with conventional suction systems. In the second separation zone II, a second elastic, specifically heavier substance component E ^{2 is first} separated off functionally via the rotating impact surface 13. A further elastic material component E ³ , which comes from the impact surface 13, is then in the separation zones III by means of inclined vibrating conveyor troughs 14 Has skipped separation zone II and separates the elastic material component E ¹ , which has passed the first separation zone I, and the hard material components H ¹ , H ² . In the case of extremely large differences in density, a separation zone is provided as a floating zone IV, which separates a further light material component L ² from the hard material component H ² by means of an air oven 17.

2, the rotating impact surface 13 contains a magnetic separator 15 for the separation of magnetic hard materials H ³ , the separation of the other material components H, E, L being analogous to the method steps according to FIG. 1.

In both variants according to FIGS. 1 and 2, it is possible to set the method steps via the control and regulating device 18 such that the separation zones I, II, III, IV can be designed according to the properties of the substance components H, E, L to be separated. This control and regulating device 18 also fulfills the functions for recording the properties of the material components, their supply to the respective separation zones I, II, III, IV and the setting thereof.

Industrial applicability

The invention can be used in recycling processes for the material mixtures defined at the outset.

In the sense of the invention it is also possible to use more than those described

Compile furnishing components and configurations to create a single variety

To achieve separation of valuable materials from the material mixtures described. Reference list

I = First separation zone

11 = second separation zone

III = further separation zone

IV = separating levitation zone

E ¹ = elastic material component E ² = elastic material component E ³ = elastic material component H ¹ = hard material component H ² = hard material component H ³ = magnetic material component L ¹ = light material component L ² = light material component

10 = feed container 11 = conveyor belt

12 = air nozzle

13 = rotating impact surface

14 = inclined vibratory conveyor trough with unbalance distance

15 = magnetic separator

16 = parting line

17 = air stove

18 = control and regulating device

19 = unbalance generator

Claims

claims

1.Procedure for separating valuable materials from material mixtures with components of specifically different densities with at least one hard material component and at least one elastic material component by means of a compact system of several separation zones (I, II, III, IV), which with regard to their interaction with the material components to be separated (E , H, L) can be interpreted according to their properties.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a determination of the material components to be separated is made according to their properties, then at least one first elastic material component (E ¹ ) is separated off in a first separation zone (I), then in a second separation zone ( II) at least one second elastic material component (E ² ) is separated off and finally at least one elastic material component (E ¹ , E ³ ) and at least one hard material component (H ¹ , H ² ) are separated off in at least one further separation zone (III).

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that in the first separation zone (I) there is a first separation of light substances (L ¹ ).

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that after at least one separation zone (III) a separation of light substances (L ² ) takes place in a floating zone (IV).

5. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the properties of the material components (E, H, L) from the respective

Material mixture recorded and determined, then the material mixture is fed to the respective separation zones (I, II, III, IV) and finally the technical parameters for the separation zones (I, II, III, IV) according to the properties of the material components (E, H, L) can be set.

6. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, consisting of a compact system of conveyor belt (11), rotating Auφrallfläche (13), at least one inclined vibrating conveyor trough (14) and air feeds (12, 17), which separation zones (I, II, III, IV) and can be changed with regard to the respective distances of its furnishings from one another within the system in accordance with the properties of the material components (E, H, L).

7. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the separation zone (I) from the conveyor belt (11) and the rotating Auφrallfläche (13) is formed, the separation zone (II) from the rotating Auφrallfläche (13) and a parting apex

(16) is limited and the separation zone or zones (III) consists of at least one inclined

Vibrating conveyor trough (14) exist.

8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the separation zone (I) is associated with an air nozzle (12).

9. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the conveyor belt (11) in its inclination and / or speed depending on the properties of the material components to be separated (E, H, L) is adjustable.

10. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the rotating Auφrallfläche (13) in its direction of rotation and speed depending on the properties of the material components to be separated (E, H, L) is variable.

11. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the rotating impact surface (13) is designed as a roller-shaped deflection drum.

12. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the rotating Auφrallfläche (13) is designed as a magnetic separator (15) for separating a magnetic substance component H ³ .

13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the magnetic separator (15) in a circular arc or radially within the rotating Auφrallfläche (13) is adjustable according to the Wurφarabeln the material components (E, H, L).

14. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the rotating Auφrallfläche (13) is at least partially variable in terms of its coefficient of friction, such as by roughening.

15. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the respective separation zone (I, II, III, IV) at least one further separation apex (16) can be assigned.

16. The device according to claim 7 and / or 15, characterized in that the or the parting parting (16) are arranged pivotably.

17. The device according to claim 7 and / or 15, characterized in that the or the parting parting (16) are adjustable in height.

18. Device according to claim 7 and / or 15, characterized in that the parting or parting (16) with respect to the angle of the height and / or the distances to the rotating Auφrallfläche (13) corresponding to the properties of the material components to be separated (E, H, L) are adjustable.

19. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the vibrating conveyor trough (14) in the levitation zone (IV) is followed by an air cooker (17) for the separation of light materials (L ² ).

20. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the vibrating conveyor trough (14) has at least one, at a distance from the vibrating conveyor trough (14) arranged imbalance generator (19).

21. Device according to claim 7 and 19, characterized in that the unbalance generator (19) is a speed-controlled unbalance motor.

22. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the vibrating conveyor trough (14) is adjustable in its inclination depending on the properties of the material components to be separated (E, H, L).

23. Device according to one or more of claims 5 to 22, characterized by a control and regulating device (18) for receiving and defining the parameters of the material components (E, H, L) and for setting the separation zones (I, II, III , IV) associated equipment parts (11 to 17 and 19).