FR3039083A1 - DEVICE FOR SEPARATING PARTICLES THROUGH A LARGE DRUM FOR SEPARATION - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for separating two particle fractions by means of a large preferably polygonal separating drum (12) of a very large size with respect to the particles, exceeding the particle size so much to take advantage of the interferences between the rotation of the drum and the flight of the particles, making it possible to use the tangential and radial vectors of the force and the speed of the particles with respect to the diameter of the drum.

Description

The present invention relates to a separator of several fractions of particles using a large separation drum.

Traditionally, separators use gravitational and aeraulic effects to separate two types of particles of different shapes, sizes or weights.

Figure 1 shows an upstream conveyor (A) which throws the products to a separating wall (B). Often, this wall has a roller (C) to avoid the prolonged stay products above the wall. But this roll is normally of a reduced size and does not play a proper role in the separation of two fractions of particles, falling in conveyors (E1) and (E2).

Thanks to a blower (D), the particles are supported in their flight above the separating wall. The heavy or dense products fall in front of the wall, the light products or a form having a large surface fall behind the partition wall (B) through the blower.

Figure 2 shows a configuration in which the momentum is used. The particle falls against an articulated valve (F) which opens according to the force of impact.

Figure 3 shows a similar configuration. The impact is recorded by a microphone (G) which opens the hinged flap (F) according to the amplitude or the frequency of the acoustic signal.

There are no mechanical configurations that use the three effects of gravity, aeraulic and momentum at the same time. This is why a mechanical separator based on the three principles at the same time is innovative.

The device according to the invention makes it possible to make a mechanical separation according to the surface, the initial speed and the mass of a particle.

The device according to the invention comprises according to a first characteristic a drum (1) of a very large size relative to the particles. For example, the diameter of the drum is five times the size of a particle. It greatly exceeds the size of the particles to take advantage of the interferences between the rotation of the drum and the flight of the particles. This difference in size makes it possible to use the tangential and radial vectors of the force and the speed of the particles relative to the diameter of the drum.

The device according to the invention comprises according to a second characteristic a belt conveyor (2) positioned upstream of the drum whose speed is adjustable ideally according to the jet of the particles to be obtained.

The device according to the invention comprises according to a third characteristic a blower (3) ideally giving an air jet parallel to the extension of the conveyor positioned upstream (2).

According to a fourth characteristic, the device according to the invention comprises a drum (1) which is not round (11) but which has a polygonal shape (12).

The device according to the invention comprises, according to a fifth characteristic, a downstream suction (4) which makes it possible to prolong the flight of the particles above the peak and downstream of the rotor.

According to a sixth characteristic, the device according to the invention comprises an upstream separation in two different fractions on the conveyors (61) and (62).

According to a seventh characteristic, the device according to the invention comprises a downstream separation into two different fractions on the conveyors (63) and (64).

Figure 1 shows a simplified side view of a ventilation sorter.

Figure 2 shows a simplified side view of an impact splitter.

Figure 3 shows a simplified side view of a separator according to an acoustic signal.

Figure 4 shows the devices (2), (3), (63) and (7) of the device and the polygonal variant (12) of the drum (1).

Figure 5 shows the round variant (11) of the drum.

Figure 6 shows the downstream suction (4).

Figure 7 shows the slide (5) in place of the conveyor belt.

Figure 8 shows two fractions sorted upstream of the drum on the conveyors (61) and (62).

Figure 9 shows two fractions sorted downstream of the drum on the conveyors (63) and (64).

With reference to these drawings, the device comprises a drum (1) which allows the particles to interact with the surface of the drum.

The initial speed of the belt conveyor (2) allows the particles to be thrown towards the drum.

The conveyor ideally has a forward speed adjustment.

Depending on the horizontal distance between conveyor (2) and drum (1) and depending on the height of fall between conveyor (2) and drum (1), this speed can be adapted. The inclination of the conveyor relative to the horizontal can be modified in order to obtain a landing of the particles close to the tangential vector of rotation speed of the drum or on the contrary in order to obtain an almost radial landing on the surface of the drum.

Thus, the velocity vectors in the momentum equation are influenced by the landing angle of the particles on the drum.

The air jet coming from the blower (3) can accentuate this radial or tangential landing effect.

At the same moment the quantity of movement intervenes. During landing, the particle bounces according to the pulse equation.

Indeed heavy particles projected against the drum with a large initial velocity will be rejected far, especially if their landing angle is close to the radial.

Particles landing more tangentially on the drum with less initial velocity will bounce less.

Thus, particle separation in front of the drum can be performed in two fractions.

That of the short rebound and that of the important rebound.

The fraction of particles bouncing little will be rejected in the conveyor near the drum (61).

The much bouncing particle fraction will be rejected in the conveyor remote from the drum (62).

If the air jet is set to carry the particles easily above the crest of the drum, a downstream separation in two different conveyors (63) and (64) is possible too.

The conveyors (61), (62), (63) and (64) can be replaced by containers or containers if the quantity of the products remains limited.

In order to facilitate the flight of the light particles above the drum, the speed of the drum can be increased in FIG. 4 in which the drum rotates in the counterclockwise direction.

Also, an axial fan suction (4) can be installed to facilitate flight above the ridge of the drum.

In order to favor the removal of the particles upstream of the drum, the drum can perform a reversal of rotation, that is to say in FIG. 4 it will rotate in the direction of clockwise.

If a chute (5) or vibratory table is installed in place of the belt conveyor, the forward speed will be less but possibly sufficient to use the effects described above.

A polygonal drum (12) allows the jet of air to be altered over time. Thus, dead zones of air can not settle. A round drum (11) can create stationary air streams creating unwanted side effects on particle flying.

The drum is included in a cowling (7) which prevents free flight of the particles.

Claims (7)

1) Apparatus for separating particles characterized in that it comprises a drum (11,12) and means (2,5) for projecting the particles towards it, such as conveyor, slide, vibratory table, the drum (11, 12) being of a very large size relative to the particles, greatly exceeding the size of the particles in order to take advantage of the interferences between the rotation of the drum and the flight of the particles, making it possible to use the tangential and radial vectors of the force and speed of the particles with respect to the diameter of the drum. 2) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the drum is preceded by a belt conveyor (2) positioned upstream of the drum whose speed is adjustable ideally according to the jet of the particles to be obtained. 3) Device according to claim 2 characterized in that it comprises a blower (3) giving an air jet ideally parallel to the extension of the conveyor positioned upstream (2). 4) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the drum is not round (11) but has a polygonal shape (12). 5) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a downstream suction means (4) for extending the flight of particles above the peak and downstream of the rotor. 6) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises two conveyors (61) and (62) on the upstream side of the drum to separately collect two different fractions. 7) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises two conveyors (63) and (64) on the downstream side of the drum to separately collect two different fractions.