WO1995028827A1 - Procede pour la production d'une couche d'humus sur des decharges et autres sols menaces par l'erosion et hostiles a la vegetation - Google Patents

Procede pour la production d'une couche d'humus sur des decharges et autres sols menaces par l'erosion et hostiles a la vegetation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995028827A1
WO1995028827A1 PCT/DE1994/000460 DE9400460W WO9528827A1 WO 1995028827 A1 WO1995028827 A1 WO 1995028827A1 DE 9400460 W DE9400460 W DE 9400460W WO 9528827 A1 WO9528827 A1 WO 9528827A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compost
humus
soil
vegetation
plants
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1994/000460
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johanna Lottner
Matthias Kurth
Original Assignee
Büro Für Landnutzungsplanung Helmut Bronk
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DE4240580A priority Critical patent/DE4240580A1/de
Application filed by Büro Für Landnutzungsplanung Helmut Bronk filed Critical Büro Für Landnutzungsplanung Helmut Bronk
Priority to PCT/DE1994/000460 priority patent/WO1995028827A1/fr
Publication of WO1995028827A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995028827A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B09B1/004—Covering of dumping sites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04—Biological compost
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00—In situ
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/30—Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a layer of humus on mining dumps and other soils which are at risk of erosion and are hostile to vegetation and which are to be used for agriculture.
  • the simple upheaval of humus-multiplying plants such as sea plants and seaweed (DE-OS 1 812 745 and 3 810 748) are also known.
  • bitumen emulsion In order to create growth-promoting conditions in a minimum, it is known to apply a layer of straw into which seeds are subsequently introduced together with nutrients and which is then sprayed with a bitumen emulsion (DD-WP 54 383). Instead of bitumen emulsion, other setting compositions such as latex, gypsum and cement emulsions are also provided on a growth layer (DE-PS 2 803 251; DD-PS 287 864).
  • DE-OS 2 353 278 it is known to introduce a layer of a peat and / or sludge mixture, even in a dry, briquetted state, in desert soils, etc. under the possible planting level of conceivable vegetation.
  • the humus content of a soil influences the possible nutrient content and the exchange capacity, the water storage capacity, the crumb structure and thus the fertility of the soil Floor.
  • the above-mentioned processes are consequently generally lacking in that they can be used for specific horticultural soils, but are only limited to these areas and cannot be used economically in larger dimensions, and then further problems such as large transport routes and costs to step in.
  • a reclamation in andei. Smaller and delimitable areas are also conceivable, insofar as this is at all suitable for promoting or even causing the formation of a humus layer.
  • fertilization is achieved with them, which is very different depending on the components used, but does not bring about the properties of a soil of sufficient humosity that are required for classification as agriculturally usable soil, without being influenced in any way by Heavy metals etc. takes place.
  • a simple incorporation of manure also means that this must first be broken down in order to achieve a positive effect in the soil.
  • the invention is based on the object of developing a method for humus management on larger areas, with which a humus content close to the surface is developed on vegetation-free soils, in particular mining dumps, which enables permanent agricultural use.
  • the object is achieved in that, for the preparation of mining tipping and other soils which are at risk of erosion and are hostile to vegetation, for agricultural use after a leveling or in connection therewith, a known mineral basic improvement takes place first.
  • a first compost layer of relatively low uniform thickness is applied and incorporated into the surface by means of known technical devices to a depth of 10 cm or less.
  • the compost required is produced by using Harvesting of available usable areas, so-called landscape maintenance areas, use of crop vegetation on adjacent areas available as surplus area for compost processing is carried out by cutting them when a usable mass is reached and making them available as mowing material on grown soil or
  • the tipping ground is piled up like a rent and is constantly ventilated at a height of more than 60 cm, the rent is covered and after the 20th day for the first time and after the 40th day it is shifted a second time.
  • compost is applied evenly across the entire area, seeds of known humus-multiplying and area-covering plants are sown which, after greening has taken place and immediately before reapplication, are broken up and worked into the soil. After mineral intermediate fertilization has been carried out, compost is again applied and worked in to a depth of about 5 to 10 cm. Furthermore, a seed of substrate-specific agricultural crops follows, for. B. the seeds of alfalfa. After greening, these are used and normal agricultural use begins. Stable manure is replaced by compost until the soil-specific average of mild humus is reached.
  • the good effect of the compost is increased compared to stable manure by the content of easily soluble nutrients. So essentially such properties of the soil are present those that are necessary for permanent agricultural use.
  • the green cover is only wrapped up immediately before further reapplication.
  • compost thus becomes the determining nutrient carrier on raw soils, a very expedient procedure with regard to the necessary humus formation. It is also a method that a farmer can carry out at any time with average technical equipment from his farm, using a humus and The provision of fertilizer can be dispensed with by intensive livestock farming.
  • soil masses are piled up to a tipping point which are initially unsuitable for further use because they lack the necessary properties of a sorptive soil which is said to be suitable for agricultural or forestry use.
  • a sorptive soil which is said to be suitable for agricultural or forestry use.
  • Using known methods for example in open-cast mining operations using a shovel excavator, there is a deep relaxation. Of course , this can also be done by deep plowing.
  • the area is leveled according to the desired terrain profile using the technology that is already available in the open-pit operation, for example a bulldozer.
  • a cut of grass is necessary anyway, with the crop being brought to a composting site located between the landscaping area and the dump site.
  • This can be located on the landscape maintenance area as close as possible to the dump site, or already in a suitable place on the dump site itself.
  • the further use of the crop depends on the cutting time of the starting material. If the grass is introduced with too high a moisture content (wet), it is very nitrogen-rich and air-impermeable and is therefore used mixed in a ratio of 2: 1 with woody shredder material. This makes the mass loose and permeable to air. Under normal harvest conditions, admixtures of this type can be dispensed with.
  • the substances are first decomposed by bacteria and fungi, the product of which is an unstable humus form, which is only converted into a permanent humus by soil animals.
  • This work includes Earthworms and insects. All living beings desired in the formation of humus are very in need of oxygen, so an even air supply must be ensured.
  • the ventilation in the compost heap only reaches a depth of 60 cm. Deeper layers are to be supplied with oxygen through 10 cm wide ventilation ducts, which should be spaced I m apart. The pile is thoroughly aerated by repositioning it several times. Repeated addition of water and / or diluted faeces enables even better composting.
  • the addition of lime contributes significantly to the fermentation process. One calculates 1 kg quicklime or 2 kg carbonated lime per cubic meter of mass to be posted.
  • the composting area is designed so that there is easy access and exit. It is advantageously sheltered from the wind, shady and dry.
  • the direct support of the composting masses on the grown soil is therefore wishes when the soil moisture can rise and rain worms are allowed access. If the compost is already being processed on the dump site, vaccination with earthworms is very useful.
  • the pile is expediently laid out in an elongated form in a rent-like manner.
  • the way to be composted is layered well chopped and humus-rich clay soil is introduced in layers. Piles standing in the rotting process are protected by a straw or herb cover.
  • the finished compost heap is covered with a 5 - 10 cm thick earth material and kept without vegetation.
  • 3 ha of landscape maintenance area can provide a humus supply of 300 dt / ha. This corresponds to a normal amount of compost.
  • the compost is subsequently applied to the areas to be prepared for agricultural use and worked into the soil to a depth of 5 to 10 cm by means of flat plowing or discs.
  • mineral fertilization carried out as melioration fertilization which comprises, for example, the chemicals lime, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash in a ratio of 50:20:20:15 in a melioration group 3 according to DIN with a desired pH value of 7, the following will be given humus-rich, area-covering plants are sown in order to simultaneously prevent the soil from drying out.
  • Grass and / or herbal mixtures and legumes are particularly suitable for this.
  • the seed is in turn combined with a supplementary mineral fertilization.
  • a supplementary mineral fertilization Once a usable greening has taken place, the vegetation is broken over and surface worked into a depth of 15 cm or less. This is followed by a new compost application. This compost is in turn worked in close to the surface to a depth of 5 to 10 cm. This is followed by a second sowing of substrate-specific agricultural crops, eg. B. alfalfa, which is used after greening.
  • the former tipping area has thus achieved properties that permit further agricultural use.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la production d'une couche d'humus sur des décharges et autres sols menacés par l'érosion et hostiles à la végétation, de manière à permettre l'exploitation agricole de tels terrains. Ceci s'effectue par incorporation d'aires générées se présentant sous forme d'étendues excédentaires, en vue de produire du compost à base végétale. Conformément à l'invention, après amendement du sol, un compost, obtenu par croissance de zones cultivées environnantes, est appliqué sur les surfaces nivelées de décharges et labouré à une faible profondeur déterminée, à proximité de la surface, après quoi, on effectue un ensemencement avec des plantes de recouvrement du sol et d'accroissement de l'humus. Lorsque les plantes sont en feuilles, on effectue une fumure intermédiaire, suivie d'un labourage profond de la couverture végétale. Du compost est alors nouvellement appliqué et enfoncé dans le sol, et des plantes pouvant être utilisées en agriculture sont ensuite semées.
PCT/DE1994/000460 1992-11-30 1994-04-23 Procede pour la production d'une couche d'humus sur des decharges et autres sols menaces par l'erosion et hostiles a la vegetation WO1995028827A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4240580A DE4240580A1 (de) 1992-11-30 1992-11-30 Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Humusschicht auf Kippen und anderen erosionsgefährdeten und vegetationsfeindlichen Böden
PCT/DE1994/000460 WO1995028827A1 (fr) 1992-11-30 1994-04-23 Procede pour la production d'une couche d'humus sur des decharges et autres sols menaces par l'erosion et hostiles a la vegetation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4240580A DE4240580A1 (de) 1992-11-30 1992-11-30 Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Humusschicht auf Kippen und anderen erosionsgefährdeten und vegetationsfeindlichen Böden
PCT/DE1994/000460 WO1995028827A1 (fr) 1992-11-30 1994-04-23 Procede pour la production d'une couche d'humus sur des decharges et autres sols menaces par l'erosion et hostiles a la vegetation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995028827A1 true WO1995028827A1 (fr) 1995-11-02

Family

ID=6474237

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1994/000460 WO1995028827A1 (fr) 1992-11-30 1994-04-23 Procede pour la production d'une couche d'humus sur des decharges et autres sols menaces par l'erosion et hostiles a la vegetation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE4240580A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995028827A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2449001C1 (ru) * 2010-11-19 2012-04-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Газпром" Способ рекультивации нарушенных земель
CN112385501A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-02-23 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 在中度盐碱地上种植野韭的方法
KR102255693B1 (ko) * 2021-02-22 2021-05-25 주식회사 인화무역 시서스의 재배방법

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4240580A1 (de) * 1992-11-30 1994-06-01 Buero Landnutzungsplanung Dipl Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Humusschicht auf Kippen und anderen erosionsgefährdeten und vegetationsfeindlichen Böden
US5695301A (en) * 1995-11-16 1997-12-09 Bhp Copper, Inc. Method of controlling erosion and creating an environment for the formation of a growth medium
US6488733B2 (en) * 2001-01-02 2002-12-03 Council For Scientific And Industrial Research Method for the faster multiplication of earthworms, and production of vermicompost from the distillation waste of industrial aromatic crops
CN109699229A (zh) * 2019-02-22 2019-05-03 兰州大学 一种盐碱化土地建植苜蓿高羊茅混播草地的方法

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU478040B2 (en) * 1972-03-09 1974-09-12 Benno Holly Vojtech Composite humus fertilizer
FR2478427A1 (fr) * 1980-03-24 1981-09-25 Inst Okhrany Okruzhajuschei Procede microbiologique de remise en culture de depots de deblais industriels
US4553351A (en) * 1982-07-21 1985-11-19 Ministere De L'energie Et Des Ressources Method of treating a soil
DD276225A1 (de) * 1988-10-13 1990-02-21 Inst Landschafts Forschung Und Verfahren zur wiederurbarmachung von flaechen aus filteraschen braunkohlengefeuerter kraftwerke fuer eine landwirtschaftliche pflanzenproduktion
EP0536716A1 (fr) * 1991-10-07 1993-04-14 ALLIED COLLOIDS GmbH Procédé de reculture de sols qui n'ont pas été cultivés pendant longtemps et/ou de surfaces d'exploitation industrielles au moyen de boues d'épuration
DE4240580A1 (de) * 1992-11-30 1994-06-01 Buero Landnutzungsplanung Dipl Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Humusschicht auf Kippen und anderen erosionsgefährdeten und vegetationsfeindlichen Böden

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DD143641A1 (de) * 1979-01-26 1980-09-03 Guenter Doering Verfahren zur biologischen versiegelung von halden
SU978750A1 (ru) * 1981-02-19 1982-12-07 Министерство Лесного Хозяйства И Охраны Природы Эсср Состав дл рекультивации
SU1445574A1 (ru) * 1987-02-17 1988-12-23 Украинский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Почвоведения Им.А.Н.Соколовского Способ рекультивации земель в зоне буровых скважин
DE3935533A1 (de) * 1989-10-25 1991-05-02 Georg Schmaelzle Vorrichtung und verfahren zum ausbringen von mulch, kompost oder dergleichen
DE4100758A1 (de) * 1991-01-12 1992-07-23 Schluttig Alexander Dr Verfahren zur entfernung von schadstoffen aus substraten, vorzugsweise boeden mittels hoeherer pflanzen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU478040B2 (en) * 1972-03-09 1974-09-12 Benno Holly Vojtech Composite humus fertilizer
FR2478427A1 (fr) * 1980-03-24 1981-09-25 Inst Okhrany Okruzhajuschei Procede microbiologique de remise en culture de depots de deblais industriels
US4553351A (en) * 1982-07-21 1985-11-19 Ministere De L'energie Et Des Ressources Method of treating a soil
DD276225A1 (de) * 1988-10-13 1990-02-21 Inst Landschafts Forschung Und Verfahren zur wiederurbarmachung von flaechen aus filteraschen braunkohlengefeuerter kraftwerke fuer eine landwirtschaftliche pflanzenproduktion
EP0536716A1 (fr) * 1991-10-07 1993-04-14 ALLIED COLLOIDS GmbH Procédé de reculture de sols qui n'ont pas été cultivés pendant longtemps et/ou de surfaces d'exploitation industrielles au moyen de boues d'épuration
DE4240580A1 (de) * 1992-11-30 1994-06-01 Buero Landnutzungsplanung Dipl Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Humusschicht auf Kippen und anderen erosionsgefährdeten und vegetationsfeindlichen Böden

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 9031, Derwent World Patents Index; Class J01, AN 90-231994 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 9423, Derwent World Patents Index; Class C04, AN 94-184540 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2449001C1 (ru) * 2010-11-19 2012-04-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Газпром" Способ рекультивации нарушенных земель
CN112385501A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-02-23 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 在中度盐碱地上种植野韭的方法
KR102255693B1 (ko) * 2021-02-22 2021-05-25 주식회사 인화무역 시서스의 재배방법

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Publication number Publication date
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