Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
  • E01C13/06—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003
  • E01C13/065—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003 at least one in situ layer consisting of or including bitumen, rubber or plastics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D121/00—Coating compositions based on unspecified rubbers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D123/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D123/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment

Definitions

• the present invention relates to compositions and methods for modifying recreational surfaces, and more particularly to compositions and methods for modifying the characteristics of particulate recreational surfaces for human beings and/or animals such as training tracks, race tracks, golf course bunkers and so on.
• Substitute ground surface materials have been proposed and are generally known. These include a mixture of raw granulated plastics material with a bitumen emulsion and water described in Australian Patent Application No. 57764/86 to DENE-HUNT LTD, and U.S. Patent No. 3,708,319 to NIMERICK, which discloses the application of a drying oil optionally containing one or more particulated water-swellable polymers to the surface of fine particulate material to prevent the material from being blown about by wind or washed along by water.
• compositions for mixture with a particular material such as sand to form the top layer of an exercise area discloses a composition for mixture with a particular material such as sand to form the top layer of an exercise area, the composition comprising a resilient granular filler coated with an oil component.
• a material for use as a substitute soil material is that disclosed in Australian Patent Application No. 67541/87 in the name of EN-TOUT-CAS pic, which comprises sand or other particulate or granulate mineral material treated with a binder of synthetic polymer material in an oil, the oil being substantially non-fluid at ambient temperatures so as to produce an inert, discrete material permanently capable of being raked.
• the substitute soil material is said to provide a suitable surface for the training of horses.
• EN-TOUT-CAS material presently marketed under the trade mark EQU ⁇ TRACK.
• the EN-TOUT-CAS composition however suffers from a number of shortcomings. These include the need for extensive pre-preparation to mix the particulate material with the binder prior to laying it on a surface.
• the EN-TOUT-CAS composition being formed from ethyl vinyl acetate, has a tendency to form solid clods of earth which can create a hazard for horses when the earth is kicked up during running.
• the EN-TOUT-CAS composition tends to become very hard in wet or cold conditions, and very sticky in hot, dry conditions, leading to an inconsistency in the properties of the treated ground surface.
• EQUITRACK treated surfaces tend to solidify and require replacement. This treatment is accordingly now considered to have a limited life span. There is therefore a need for a method of treating a recreational surface, composition which is capable of being applied in-situ to a recreational surface, to provide a treated surface whose properties will not vary unduly in varying weather conditions.
• a composition which will provide a substantially stable recreational surface during varying load conditions.
• the present invention provides, in one embodiment, a method for treating a particulate recreational surface, the method including the step of combining the particulate surface material with a sprayable composition in an amount sufficient to bind the surface material, the composition comprising a synthetic polymer material selected from natural and synthetic rubbers, olefins, copolymers of olefins, polyolefins, copolymers of polyolefins, mixtures of olefins and polyolefins, and mixtures of one or more of the foregoing dispersed or dissolved in a fluid oil component whereby to form a treated particulate surface.
• a synthetic polymer material selected from natural and synthetic rubbers, olefins, copolymers of olefins, polyolefins, copolymers of polyolefins, mixtures of olefins and polyolefins, and mixtures of one or more of the foregoing dispersed or dissolved in a
• the present invention provides a composition for treating a particulate recreational surface, the composition comprising a synthetic polymer material selected from natural and synthetic rubbers, olefins, copolymers of olefins, polyolefins, copolymers of polyolefins, mixtures of olefins and polyolefins, and mixtures of one or more of the foregoing dispersed or dissolved in a fluid oil component.
• the oil component preferably has a viscosity selected so as to be substantially fluid at ambient temperatures.
• the composition is preferably capable of being combined in-situ with a particulate recreational surface.
• particulate surfaces treated with compositions according to the present invention do not tend to form hard agglomerates, or do not tend to form such agglomerates to any significant extent. This enables the treated surface and any agglomerates formed therein to break down readily when a shear force is applied to the surface, such as for example a horse's hoof landing on the surface.
• polymer materials for use in compositions according to the present invention may include natural and synthetic rubbers, olefins, copolymers of olefins, polyolefins, copolymers of polyolefins, and mixtures of olefins and polyolefins. More specific examples include dienes, polyisobutylene, copolymers of ethylene/propylene, copolymers of styrene/butadiene, and copolymers of styrene/butylene.
• the polymer material is preferably selected so as to be water-imbibing to varying degrees depending on environmental conditions.
• the molecular weight of the polymer material is preferably reasonably high.
• a suitable molecular weight of a polymer material for compositions according to the present invention is at least about 20,000 and preferably in the range of about 70,000 to about 400,000.
• the proportion of synthetic polymer to oil component may vary within the above molecular weight ranges depending on the desired characteristics of the composition. These include dryness, stickiness, permeability and so on.
• a minor proportion of polymer may be combined with a major proportion of a heavy oil component, to yield a sticky composition.
• a major proportion of polymer may be combined with a minor proportion of light oil, to yield a dry composition.
• a low molecular weight polymer combined with an oil component of high viscosity is likely to yield a composition which is relatively permeable.
• the polymer material may be present in the composition in any suitable amount by weight.
• the polymer material is present in amounts in the range of about 1 to about 20% by weight, and most preferably about 3 to about 6% by weight.
• the polymer material employed in compositions according to the present invention preferably comprises a copolymer of ethylene and propylene. It is presently preferred that the ethylene/propylene copolymer contains about 50% ethylene by weight.
• a presently preferred copolymer material of ethylene and propylene is VISTALON 404 (trade mark) produced by Exxon Corporation, which is a solid copolymer of ethylene and propylene.
• the oil component of a composition according to the present invention preferably has a viscosity selected such that the oil is substantially fluid at ambient temperatures.
• the viscosity of the oil component may be in the range of up to about 2500 centistokes and preferably about 10 to about 1000 centistokes at 40 °C.
• the oil component may be selected from organic oils, petroleum based oils, bitumen or gas oil, siliconised oils, molasses, latexes, and alginates.
• the oils preferably contain low aromatics, and in the case of petroleum based oils are preferably predominantly paraffinic.
• the oil component may be present in the composition in any suitable amount.
• the oil component is present in the composition in amounts in the range of about 80 to about 99% by volume, and most preferably about 94 to about 97% by volume.
• the composition provided in accordance with the present invention may also contain one or more U.V. stabilisers to reduce the effect of ultraviolet light on the treated particulate surface. Whilst not considered essential to the invention, the addition of U.V. stabilisers assists in maintaining the composition fluid longer. It has also been found in one preferred embodiment that the use of a U.V. stabiliser comprising a thiodipropionic acid surprisingly produces a synergistic U.V. stabilisation and antioxidation effect.
• IRGANOX a trade mark of Ciba-Geigy
• Another suitable U.V. stabiliser comprises benzophenone.
• One or more antioxidants to stabilise the composition may also be added to compositions according to the present invention. Any antioxidant present in the composition may be present in amounts in the range of about 0.5 to about 3% and preferably about 1 to about 2% by weight of the composition.
• suitable antioxidants are those based on phenol, such as a phenol-based IRGANOX.
• pigments may be added to the composition. Any pigments as are generally presently known in the art are suitable for addition to compositions of the present invention. Pigments may be added to compositions according to the present invention as required during blending of the synthetic polymer and oil components.
• a composition according to the invention may be blended with one or more particulate materials such as sand, soil, clay, sawdust, wood fibre, plastics, which may or may not comprise fillers and/or re-enforcing fibres of plastics, waxes, rubber, cork, wool, shredded carpet or like materials. Blending may occur either in-situ or prior to laying on a particulate surface.
• particulate materials such as sand, soil, clay, sawdust, wood fibre, plastics, which may or may not comprise fillers and/or re-enforcing fibres of plastics, waxes, rubber, cork, wool, shredded carpet or like materials. Blending may occur either in-situ or prior to laying on a particulate surface.
• the polymer material may be added to the oil component in particulate form to facilitate dispersion.
• the polymer is preferably cut into pieces to promote dispersion or dissolution in the oil.
• a composition according to the invention may be further characterised by reference to its viscosity.
• the viscosity of the composition is at least about 300 centistokes, and more preferably will range from about 300 centistokes to about 8000 centistokes.
• the viscosity more preferably ranges from about 600 to about 1000 centistokes, while for such uses as race tracks the viscosity more preferably ranges from about 1500 to about 3500.
• compositions according to the present invention have generally been observed to possess a tackiness quality whilst being both cohesive and adhesive.
• composition according to the present invention comprises the following: mineral oil about 2175 parts by weight
• antioxidant phenol-based Irganox
• the particulate surface material is preferably selected from materials which will not tend to agglomerate so as to form substantially solid clods, or will not tend to so agglomerate to any significant extent when combined with compositions according to the present invention.
• One suitable surface material consists of or includes sand.
• Particle sizes up to about 6mm in diameter have been found to be particularly suitable for the practice of the present invention. It has been observed that the more similar the particle size, the less compaction is likely to occur, whilst the more variable the particle size, the greater the compaction obtainable.
• a composition according to the present invention may be combined with the particulate surface material either in-situ, or in a pre-preparation step by mixing the composition with the particulate surface material.
• pre-treatment of the particulate surface material and subsequent laying of the particulate surface material onto a suitable surface is also envisaged as being within the scope of the present invention.
• the composition is preferably blended with the particulate surface to be treated, such as by mechanical methods, including harrowing and/or raking to the desired depth.
• composition is preferably applied to the particulate surface material in an amount which is sufficient to bind the surface material.
• amount of composition applied to a surface varies with the type and composition of the particulate it is blended with, and the desired result.
• composition according to the present invention Whilst it is not generally intended for the composition according to the present invention to constitute the entire binder surface, it can perform such a function. It is generally intended that a composition according to the invention complements or improves the binding of a surface that is already bound or compacted by normal standards. Put another way, it is preferred that the composition of the present invention improves the natural binding of the surface achieved by materials constituting the surface, namely clays, compost and a variety of particulate sizes. Accordingly, whilst the composition of the present invention can be blended with a particulate surface material prior to laying it on a suitable surface, it has been found to be more convenient to spread the composition of the invention directly on to the already laid particulate surface and blend it in-situ.
• the particles of the particulate surface material are preferably coated with a composition according to the present invention.
• the particulate material is preferably selected so as to have limited air entrainment, thus producing a soft cushioned feel to the surface of the ground.
• a composition according to the present invention may be combined with the particulate surface material to be treated by in-situ treatment, such as by spraying or other application.
• in-situ treatment such as by spraying or other application.
• application rates in the range of about 0.2 to about 5 litres of the composition per square metre of particulate surface, followed by in-situ blending by harrowing or raking to a depth of approximately 75 mm generally achieve the desired characteristics of the treated surface.
• the composition is initially applied at a rate in the range of about 1 to about 2 litres per square metre, and more preferably approximately 1.5 litres per square metre of surface to be treated.
• One preferred method of treating a particulate surface material according to the present invention comprises contacting the surface to be treated with a composition according to the invention, preferably by spraying, and harrowing or raking the surface to the desired depth. It is preferred if the surface is allowed to settle/consolidate to the desired firmness before use or rainfall occurs.
• the surface may be consolidated by compaction, rolling or other known methods.
• the composition is applied to the surface to be treated without the application of heat.
• the composition may be heated.
• compositions according to the invention have been found to impart to the surface the ability to retain a greater amount of air which assists in producing a cushioned or springy feel about the surface. This springiness can be further improved by the addition of fibres or particulates of other substances such as cork, rubber, shredded carpet, polymers and so on.
• a particulate surface treated according to the present invention has been found to conform to the weight and shape of the object pressing on it, to form a firm full bank of surface at the angle in which the movement is going. This has been found to result in a reduced likelihood of slipping on the surface.
• compositions according to the present invention are not in any way limited to the treatment of surfaces for horses, but include other particulate surfaces such as golf course bunkers and so on.
• An ethylene/propylene copolymer containing about 50% ethylene was placed in a blender with a petroleum oil component having a viscosity of about 100 centistokes at about 40° C at a ratio of about 1 part copolymer to about 1 part oil component by weight.
• the composition was heated to about 170°C while it was dissolved by stirring.
• the resultant composition was found to have a kinematic viscosity of 2600 centistokes.
• composition was then sprayed through a perforated plastic three metre tube (similar equipment to a water laying truck) onto an existing dry particulate sand surface at an application rate of one litre per square metre, and thoroughly blended by harrowing down to a depth of 75 mm.
• the surface was then compacted by rolling (tamping can also be used in some situations) to a race ready state.
• the thus-treated surface was found to exhibit a considerable degree of spring cushioning, aeration and resilience, whereby a horse's hoof did not sink into the sand to the same degree as would be expected with untreated sand.
• the hoof was also found to have a much firmer takeoff point than it would normally have on other surfaces, thus allowing the animal to move across the surface with less effort.
• composition according to the foregoing description experienced heavy rain at regular intervals over a 30 day period without loss of track surface or leaching of the product down into the substrate.
• Example 2 the polymer content of the composition of Example 1 was reduced by half.
• the viscosity of the resulting composition was approximately 770 centistokes.
• the composition was applied to a particulate surface at a rate of approximately 1 litre per square metre, and was found to have particularly desirable results for sections of golf courses bunkers, reducing water and wind erosion and binding the particulate surface.
• Example 2 the polymer content of the composition of Example 1 was increased to 300 parts by weight and the molecular weight and the viscosity of the oil component markedly reduced compared to that of example 1, to obtain a particulate surface having the desired characteristics at an application rate of approximately 2 litres per square metre.
• a particulate surface treated with this composition exhibited characteristics similar to those of a particulate surface treated with the composition of Example 1.
• Example 2 a blend of 75 parts by weight polyisobutylene and 25 parts by weight of an ethylene/propylene copolymer with a light oil and 50 parts by weight antioxidant was prepared and applied to a particulate surface at a rate of approximately 1.5 litres per square metre to a depth of 75mm, to achieve a treated surface having the desired characteristics.
• a particulate surface treated with this composition exhibited similar characteristics to a particulate surface treated with the composition of Example 1.
• Example 2 a blend of 184 parts by weight of a styrene/butadiene copolymer having 95% styrene and 92 parts by weight of an ethylene/propylene copolymer having 50% propylene with a light mineral oil and 1.5% by weight antioxidant/U.V. stabiliser was prepared.
• the resulting composition was applied to a dusty particulate surface at an application rate of approximately 4 litres per square metre. It was noted that the particulate surface absorbed a considerable amount of the composition.
• a particulate surface treated with this composition exhibited similar characteristics to a surface treated with the composition of Example 1, with the exception that it was drier.
• compositions according to the present invention have been found to assist in stabilising the treated surface, usually but not always a particulate surface, and also serves to prevent dust generation and surface erosion. It also provides a surface cushioning effect.
• compositions according to the present invention unlike compositions of the prior art, does not generally form a solid clod but enables the treated surface to re-break.
• the combination of the synthetic polymer material and oil component has been found to impart a considerable degree of firmness to the treated surface so that displacement of the surface is limited on impact. This causes buoyancy in the surface or less sinking in the surface, and a greatly improved pad for moving off.
• compositions according to the present invention are suitable for treating many other surfaces, including any surface which requires a degree of stabilisation to counter prevailing weather conditions such as wind or rain, heavy traffic areas, golf course bunkers and so on.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

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• 1994
  • 1994-04-15 AU AUPM5109A patent/AUPM510994A0/en not_active Abandoned
• 1995
  • 1995-04-13 JP JP7526566A patent/JPH09512205A/ja active Pending
  • 1995-04-13 EP EP95915072A patent/EP0756613A4/en not_active Ceased
  • 1995-04-13 WO PCT/AU1995/000211 patent/WO1995028451A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-04-13 NZ NZ283700A patent/NZ283700A/en unknown
  • 1995-04-13 BR BR9507375A patent/BR9507375A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (6)

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