WO1995024793A2 - Arrangement and method for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission - Google Patents

Arrangement and method for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995024793A2
WO1995024793A2 PCT/SE1995/000159 SE9500159W WO9524793A2 WO 1995024793 A2 WO1995024793 A2 WO 1995024793A2 SE 9500159 W SE9500159 W SE 9500159W WO 9524793 A2 WO9524793 A2 WO 9524793A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
picture
signal
photo
diodes
logic circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1995/000159
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO1995024793A3 (en
Inventor
Robert Forchheimer
Björn WASELL
Original Assignee
Ivp Integrated Vision Products Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ivp Integrated Vision Products Ab filed Critical Ivp Integrated Vision Products Ab
Priority to AU19050/95A priority Critical patent/AU1905095A/en
Publication of WO1995024793A2 publication Critical patent/WO1995024793A2/en
Publication of WO1995024793A3 publication Critical patent/WO1995024793A3/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/41—Bandwidth or redundancy reduction
    • H04N1/411—Bandwidth or redundancy reduction for the transmission or storage or reproduction of two-tone pictures, e.g. black and white pictures
    • H04N1/413—Systems or arrangements allowing the picture to be reproduced without loss or modification of picture-information
    • H04N1/417—Systems or arrangements allowing the picture to be reproduced without loss or modification of picture-information using predictive or differential encoding
    • H04N1/4175—Systems or arrangements allowing the picture to be reproduced without loss or modification of picture-information using predictive or differential encoding involving the encoding of tone transitions with respect to tone transitions in a reference line

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arrangement for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission or document reading comprising photo-diodes arranged on a substrate in matrix form, which photo-diodes, in conjunction with picture-processing and signal-processing circuits connected to the photo-diodes, are executed in integrated form on one and the same substrate.
  • the invention also relates to a method for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission or document reading, for which photo-diodes arranged on a substrate in matrix form are used, which photo-diodes, in conjunction with picture-processing and signal-processing circuits connected to the photo-diodes, are executed in integrated form on one and the same substrate.
  • the unidimensional picture representation used in telefax transmission makes it advantageous, when reading a document in a fax, to make use of optical sensors arranged in linear form. These convert the picture signal into an electrical signal, which is then usually transmitted in serial form to a microprocessor, in which the signal is compressed in such a way that its information content can be transmitted in a less space-consuming and more rapid fashion, for example by means of burst length coding.
  • reading can be executed rapidly with today's fax transmission methods, it is difficult rapidly to convert the information in a document into a form suitable for transmission because the signal is transmitted uncompressed in serial form from the optical sensor to the microprocessor. Serial transmission to the microprocessor and compression are highly time-consuming operations.
  • EP, A, 0323 183 is an integrated circuit which comprises a number of photo-sensors with picture-processing and signal-processing circuits arranged on the same substrate.
  • the signal-processing circuits are not, however, arranged to perform compression of the information intended for transmission.
  • A, 8301398-7 is an arrangement for an array of photo-diodes arranged in the form of a matrix, which are connected to an picture-processing processor of the kind that permits parallel signal processing.
  • the arrangement is characterized in that it comprises a circuit of a combinative or seguential kind, which is also arranged on the aforementioned substrate, and which is used in order to make a numerical and/or positional determination of picture elements which, via the diode matrix and the picture-processing processor, are found to satisfy one or other predetermined digital condition.
  • This circuit is primarily so arranged as to be used for industrial applications such as quality control and particle counting.
  • the object of the present invention is to present an arrangement for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission or document reading, which is based on the above-mentioned combination of photo-diodes, a signal- processing processor and a circuit of a sequential or combinative kind arranged on a substrate, and which solves the above-mentioned problems associated with telefax transmission.
  • the aforementioned picture-processing and signal-processing circuits comprise a first logic circuit, which is so arranged as to detect picture elements in a signal read in by the photo-diodes, which picture elements satisfy a predetermined digital condition, a second logic circuit, which is so arranged as to detect the edges of the aforementioned picture elements, a third logic circuit, which is so arranged as to eliminate elements detected by preceding circuits from the stored signal, and a digital network of a combinative or sequential kind, which is so arranged, with reference to the detected picture elements, as to convert the signal into a compressed form suitable for telefax transmission or document reading.
  • the aforementioned third logic circuit is so arranged as to test the connectivity between objects in consecutive lines in the picture.
  • the aforementioned digital network is so arranged as to convert the signal read in into burst length coding.
  • a method in accordance with the invention is characterized in that picture elements in a signal read in by the photo- diodes, which picture elements satisfy a predetermined condition, are detected in a first logic circuit, in that the edges of the aforementioned picture elements are detected in a second logic circuit, in that picture elements detected by the preceding circuits are eliminated from the stored signal in a third logic circuit, and in that the signal read in is converted in a digital network of a combinative or sequential kind connected to the circuit, with reference to the detected picture elements, into a compressed form suitable for telefax transmission or document reading.
  • the connectivity between objects on consecutive lines in the picture is tested in the aforementioned third logic circuit, after which the connectivity information is converted in the digital network into a form suitable for telefax transmission.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram for an arrangement in accordance with the invention constructed on a single substrate.
  • Advantageous embodiments of units contained in the arrangement are shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, and Fig. 4a - Fig. 4d show signals stored in the register at different times .
  • the signals detected by the photo-diodes are converted into digital form before they are processed in the picture-processing processor, which is linked to a digital signal-processing circuit 17.
  • the photo-diode matrix, the picture-processing processor 3 and the signal-processing circuit 17 are arranged on a common substrate. Both the picture-processing processor 3 and the signal-processing circuit 17 are capable of performing parallel operations that are executed at clock cycle intervals.
  • the array of picture registers 5 and the accumulator register 9 are used for the intermediate storage of pictures.
  • the GLU unit 6 is so arranged in a previously disclosed fashion as to identify from a picture A supplied from the accumulator register 9 objects that are indicated by a picture coming from the data bus, and as to detect the edges of the aforementioned object in the picture, which originates either from the diode matrix 1 or the array of picture registers 5.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the GLU unit is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the NLU circuits 7 are so arranged as to identify the edges of the objects and to invert a picture coming from the GLU unit 6. Each local area in the picture is compared with a template, and when the picture coincides with the template, this is marked with a logical zero or one.
  • the PLU circuits 8 are so arranged as to execute point logical operations of the type AND, OR and EXCLUSIVE OR between two pictures from the accumulator register and from the NLU circuits. For example, EXCLUSIVE OR operations are used for identifying differences between the aforementioned pictures.
  • the information obtained in this way is transmitted to a digital network 17, in which the information is encoded in a form suitable for transmission.
  • This network is so arranged as to determine the number of picture points which satisfy a digital condition.
  • One possible embodiment of this network is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the output signal will contain numerical values which correspond to the number of consecutive ones or the number of consecutive zeros.
  • a digital number which represents the information read in is thus obtained at the output 18 from the network.
  • This result is read out in serial form to further signal-processing circuits, such as Huffman encoders, or directly to an appropriate communication circuit. Because all information processing is done in parallel, a compressed output signal can be obtained on the output 18 from the network very shortly after reading in the picture signal.
  • Figure 4a shows a first line signal read in by the photo- diode matrix, which signal is digitalized and stored in a picture register 5.
  • the GLU unit 6 and the NLU unit 7 are used in combination to detect the edge of the first object in the picture, that is the first area with one or more consecutive ones (black field).
  • the result which can be appreciated from Fig. 4b, is stored in the accumulator register 9 while the digital network 17 determines the number of consecutive zeros as far as that edge identification.
  • the signal stored in the A-register 9 is then able, together with the signal stored in the picture register 5, to act as the input signal for the GLU circuit 6.
  • This circuit has the capacity during a single clock cycle interval to detect the whole of the first object, see Fig. 4c, irrespective of its length.
  • the length of the detected object is then determined in the digital network 17, the output signal from which is now a number which represents the length of the object.
  • the new result picture is also transmitted to the PLU circuits, which are able to perform logical EXCLUSIVE OR operations between two pictures.
  • the result picture is compared here with the originally stored picture, which results in a new picture being obtained, in which the first object can no longer be seen, see Fig. 4d.
  • This new picture is stored in a picture register 5, after which the operations in accordance with the above are repeated on the new picture.
  • Obtained at the output 18 from the network 17 are numbers which correspond to the number of consecutive zeros and ones in a picture, i.e. in all essential respects the code which is used at present for the telefax transmission.
  • the picture information is thus compressed to a significant degree in the circuit indicated above.
  • circuits described above are also well suited to other types of compression coding.
  • the circuits can be used, for example, to make comparisons at any time between consecutive pictures, so that additional signal information is transmitted only for those areas in which the signals differ. It is possible in this way to take advantage of the fact that two consecutive lines in a telefax transmission often exhibit considerable similarities.
  • the invention can naturally also be used when the input signals are not binary but, for example, contain both grey scale and colour, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art.

Abstract

The present invention relates to an arrangement and a method for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission or document reading. The arrangement comprises photo-diodes (1) arranged on a substrate in matrix form, which photo-diodes, in conjunction with picture-processing and signal-processing circuits linked to the photo-diodes and control logic, are executed in integrated form on one and the same substrate. The aforementioned picture-processing and signal-processing circuits comprise a first logic circuit (6), which is so arranged as to detect picture elements in a signal read in by the photo-diodes, which picture elements satisfy a predetermined digital condition. A second logic circuit (7) is so arranged as to detect the edges of the aforementioned picture elements, and a third logic circuit (8) is so arranged as to eliminate elements detected by preceding circuits from the stored signal. The signal is finally converted in a digital network (17) of a combinative or sequential kind into a compressed form suitable for telefax transmission or document reading.

Description

Arrangement and method for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission
The present invention relates to an arrangement for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission or document reading comprising photo-diodes arranged on a substrate in matrix form, which photo-diodes, in conjunction with picture-processing and signal-processing circuits connected to the photo-diodes, are executed in integrated form on one and the same substrate.
The invention also relates to a method for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission or document reading, for which photo-diodes arranged on a substrate in matrix form are used, which photo-diodes, in conjunction with picture-processing and signal-processing circuits connected to the photo-diodes, are executed in integrated form on one and the same substrate.
The unidimensional picture representation used in telefax transmission makes it advantageous, when reading a document in a fax, to make use of optical sensors arranged in linear form. These convert the picture signal into an electrical signal, which is then usually transmitted in serial form to a microprocessor, in which the signal is compressed in such a way that its information content can be transmitted in a less space-consuming and more rapid fashion, for example by means of burst length coding. Although reading can be executed rapidly with today's fax transmission methods, it is difficult rapidly to convert the information in a document into a form suitable for transmission because the signal is transmitted uncompressed in serial form from the optical sensor to the microprocessor. Serial transmission to the microprocessor and compression are highly time-consuming operations.
Previously disclosed in EP, A, 0323 183 is an integrated circuit which comprises a number of photo-sensors with picture-processing and signal-processing circuits arranged on the same substrate. The signal-processing circuits are not, however, arranged to perform compression of the information intended for transmission.
Previously disclosed in SE, A, 8301398-7 is an arrangement for an array of photo-diodes arranged in the form of a matrix, which are connected to an picture-processing processor of the kind that permits parallel signal processing. The arrangement is characterized in that it comprises a circuit of a combinative or seguential kind, which is also arranged on the aforementioned substrate, and which is used in order to make a numerical and/or positional determination of picture elements which, via the diode matrix and the picture-processing processor, are found to satisfy one or other predetermined digital condition. This circuit is primarily so arranged as to be used for industrial applications such as quality control and particle counting.
The object of the present invention is to present an arrangement for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission or document reading, which is based on the above-mentioned combination of photo-diodes, a signal- processing processor and a circuit of a sequential or combinative kind arranged on a substrate, and which solves the above-mentioned problems associated with telefax transmission. This is achieved in that the aforementioned picture-processing and signal-processing circuits comprise a first logic circuit, which is so arranged as to detect picture elements in a signal read in by the photo-diodes, which picture elements satisfy a predetermined digital condition, a second logic circuit, which is so arranged as to detect the edges of the aforementioned picture elements, a third logic circuit, which is so arranged as to eliminate elements detected by preceding circuits from the stored signal, and a digital network of a combinative or sequential kind, which is so arranged, with reference to the detected picture elements, as to convert the signal into a compressed form suitable for telefax transmission or document reading.
According to one particular characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned third logic circuit is so arranged as to test the connectivity between objects in consecutive lines in the picture.
According to a further particular characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned digital network is so arranged as to convert the signal read in into burst length coding.
A method in accordance with the invention is characterized in that picture elements in a signal read in by the photo- diodes, which picture elements satisfy a predetermined condition, are detected in a first logic circuit, in that the edges of the aforementioned picture elements are detected in a second logic circuit, in that picture elements detected by the preceding circuits are eliminated from the stored signal in a third logic circuit, and in that the signal read in is converted in a digital network of a combinative or sequential kind connected to the circuit, with reference to the detected picture elements, into a compressed form suitable for telefax transmission or document reading.
According to a particular characteristic of a method in accordance with the invention, the connectivity between objects on consecutive lines in the picture is tested in the aforementioned third logic circuit, after which the connectivity information is converted in the digital network into a form suitable for telefax transmission.
The invention is described below in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a simplified block diagram for an arrangement in accordance with the invention constructed on a single substrate. Advantageous embodiments of units contained in the arrangement are shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, and Fig. 4a - Fig. 4d show signals stored in the register at different times .
Fig. 1 shows a diode matrix 1 comprising a number of photo- diodes (PD = photo-diode) which is connected via a data bus 2 to an picture-processing processor 3. The signals detected by the photo-diodes are converted into digital form before they are processed in the picture-processing processor, which is linked to a digital signal-processing circuit 17. The photo-diode matrix, the picture-processing processor 3 and the signal-processing circuit 17 are arranged on a common substrate. Both the picture-processing processor 3 and the signal-processing circuit 17 are capable of performing parallel operations that are executed at clock cycle intervals.
The picture-processing processor comprises an array of picture registers 3 (Pn = picture register) linked to first logic circuits 6 (GLU = global logical unit) , which facilitates the calculation of certain global picture characteristics, and an accumulator register 9 (A = accumulator register) . The array of picture registers 5 and the accumulator register 9 are used for the intermediate storage of pictures. The GLU unit 6 is so arranged in a previously disclosed fashion as to identify from a picture A supplied from the accumulator register 9 objects that are indicated by a picture coming from the data bus, and as to detect the edges of the aforementioned object in the picture, which originates either from the diode matrix 1 or the array of picture registers 5. An advantageous embodiment of the GLU unit is shown in Fig. 3.
The picture processing circuits also contain other logic circuits 7 (NLU = neighbourhood logical unit) and third logic circuits 8 (PLU = point logical unit) . The NLU circuits 7 are so arranged as to identify the edges of the objects and to invert a picture coming from the GLU unit 6. Each local area in the picture is compared with a template, and when the picture coincides with the template, this is marked with a logical zero or one. The PLU circuits 8 are so arranged as to execute point logical operations of the type AND, OR and EXCLUSIVE OR between two pictures from the accumulator register and from the NLU circuits. For example, EXCLUSIVE OR operations are used for identifying differences between the aforementioned pictures. The information obtained in this way is transmitted to a digital network 17, in which the information is encoded in a form suitable for transmission.
The digital network 17, which has parallel input and serial output, is connected to the processor 3. This network is so arranged as to determine the number of picture points which satisfy a digital condition. One possible embodiment of this network is shown in Fig. 2. In the case of the customary burst length coding for the telefax transmission, this means that the output signal will contain numerical values which correspond to the number of consecutive ones or the number of consecutive zeros. A digital number which represents the information read in is thus obtained at the output 18 from the network. This result is read out in serial form to further signal-processing circuits, such as Huffman encoders, or directly to an appropriate communication circuit. Because all information processing is done in parallel, a compressed output signal can be obtained on the output 18 from the network very shortly after reading in the picture signal.
The reading-in and signal processing of a unidimensional, binary picture signal, a line in a black-and-white telefax document, is explained in simplified terms below with reference to Figs. 4a-4d.
Figure 4a shows a first line signal read in by the photo- diode matrix, which signal is digitalized and stored in a picture register 5. In a first operation in the circuit, the GLU unit 6 and the NLU unit 7 are used in combination to detect the edge of the first object in the picture, that is the first area with one or more consecutive ones (black field). The result, which can be appreciated from Fig. 4b, is stored in the accumulator register 9 while the digital network 17 determines the number of consecutive zeros as far as that edge identification.
The signal stored in the A-register 9 is then able, together with the signal stored in the picture register 5, to act as the input signal for the GLU circuit 6. This circuit has the capacity during a single clock cycle interval to detect the whole of the first object, see Fig. 4c, irrespective of its length. The length of the detected object is then determined in the digital network 17, the output signal from which is now a number which represents the length of the object.
The new result picture, see Fig. 4c, is also transmitted to the PLU circuits, which are able to perform logical EXCLUSIVE OR operations between two pictures. The result picture is compared here with the originally stored picture, which results in a new picture being obtained, in which the first object can no longer be seen, see Fig. 4d. This new picture is stored in a picture register 5, after which the operations in accordance with the above are repeated on the new picture.
Obtained at the output 18 from the network 17 are numbers which correspond to the number of consecutive zeros and ones in a picture, i.e. in all essential respects the code which is used at present for the telefax transmission. The picture information is thus compressed to a significant degree in the circuit indicated above.
Once compression of the first line is complete, a new line picture can be read in, after which the operations in accordance with the above are repeated on it.
The circuits described above are also well suited to other types of compression coding. The circuits can be used, for example, to make comparisons at any time between consecutive pictures, so that additional signal information is transmitted only for those areas in which the signals differ. It is possible in this way to take advantage of the fact that two consecutive lines in a telefax transmission often exhibit considerable similarities.
The invention can naturally also be used when the input signals are not binary but, for example, contain both grey scale and colour, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art.
It is obvious that the invention must not be regarded as being restricted to the embodiment shown in the drawing or the example described above, and that it may be varied in many ways within the scope of the idea of invention; for instance, it may be used with a type of coding other than burst length coding.
It is also obvious that the invention can be used in other document reading contexts, for example in so-called scanners.

Claims

Patent Claims
1. Arrangement for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission or document reading comprising photo-diodes (1) arranged on a substrate in matrix form, which photo-diodes, in conjunction with picture- processing and signal-processing circuits (3, 17) connected to the photo-diodes and control logic, are executed in integrated form on one and the same substrate, characterized in that the aforementioned picture-processing and signal-processing circuits (3, 17) comprise a first logic circuit (6), which is so arranged as to detect picture elements in a signal read in by the photo-diodes, which picture elements satisfy a predetermined digital condition, a second logic circuit (7), which is so arranged as to detect the edges of the aforementioned picture elements, a third logic circuit (8), which is so arranged as to eliminate elements detected by preceding circuits from the stored signal, and a digital network (17) of a combinative or sequential kind, which is so arranged, with reference to the detected picture elements, as to convert the signal into a compressed form suitable for telefax transmission or document reading.
2. Arrangement in accordance with Patent Claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned third logic circuit (8) is so arranged as to test the connectivity between objects in consecutive lines in the picture.
3. Arrangement in accordance with one or other of the preceding Patent Claims, characterized in that the aforementioned digital network (17) is so arranged as to convert the signal read in into burst length coding.
4. Method for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission or document reading, whereby photo-diodes (1) arranged in matrix form are used, which photo-diodes, in conjunction with picture- processing and signal-processing circuits (3, 17) connected to the photo-diodes and control logic, are integrated on one and the same substrate, characterized in that picture elements in a signal read in by the photo-diodes, which satisfy a predetermined digital condition, are detected in a first logic circuit (6) , in that the edges of the aforementioned picture elements are detected in a second logic circuit (7) , in that picture elements detected by the preceding circuits (6, 7) are eliminated from the stored signal in a third logic circuit (8), and in that the signal read in is converted in a digital network (17) of a combinative or sequential kind connected to the circuit, with reference to the detected picture elements, into a compressed form suitable for telefax transmission or document reading.
5. Method in accordance with Patent Claim 4, characterized in that the connectivity between objects on consecutive lines in the picture is tested in the aforementioned third logic circuit, and that the connectivity information is converted in the digital network into a form suitable for telefax transmission.
PCT/SE1995/000159 1994-03-03 1995-02-16 Arrangement and method for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission WO1995024793A2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU19050/95A AU1905095A (en) 1994-03-03 1995-02-16 Arrangement and method for reading in and compression of data for telefax transmission

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9400761A SE9400761L (en) 1994-03-03 1994-03-03 Device and method for loading and compressing data for facsimile transmission
SE9400761-4 1994-03-03

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WO1995024793A2 true WO1995024793A2 (en) 1995-09-14
WO1995024793A3 WO1995024793A3 (en) 1995-10-05

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7136097B1 (en) 1999-10-04 2006-11-14 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Camera system for high-speed image processing including selection of at least one frame based on processed results

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US5014334A (en) * 1989-05-11 1991-05-07 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Signal encoding and decoding system

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US4499499A (en) * 1982-12-29 1985-02-12 International Business Machines Corporation Method for identification and compression of facsimile symbols in text processing systems
WO1984003810A1 (en) * 1983-03-15 1984-09-27 Robert Forchheimer Device for an array of photo diodes arranged in a matrix
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7136097B1 (en) 1999-10-04 2006-11-14 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Camera system for high-speed image processing including selection of at least one frame based on processed results

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1995024793A3 (en) 1995-10-05
SE501875C2 (en) 1995-06-12
AU1905095A (en) 1995-09-25
SE9400761D0 (en) 1994-03-03
SE9400761L (en) 1995-06-12

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