WO1995017667A1 - Labelling - Google Patents
Labelling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995017667A1 WO1995017667A1 PCT/GB1994/002805 GB9402805W WO9517667A1 WO 1995017667 A1 WO1995017667 A1 WO 1995017667A1 GB 9402805 W GB9402805 W GB 9402805W WO 9517667 A1 WO9517667 A1 WO 9517667A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- immunological
- identifiable species
- species
- item
- identifiable
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/5308—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for analytes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. nucleic acids, uric acid, worms, mites
Definitions
- the present invention relates to labelling of a substance or an item and finds an application in labelling of a substance or an item for the purpose of identifying said substance or item.
- a method suitable for use in labelling of a substance or an item which method includes providing a substance or an item with a non-immunological identifiable species.
- a method suitable for use in labelling of a substance or an item which method includes providing a substance or an item with a non-immunological identifiable species and with an immunological identifiable species.
- a method suitable for use in identifying a substance or an item which method includes providing a substance or an item with a non-immunological identifiable species and performing a detection step to establish the presence or absence of a non-immunological identifiable species.
- a method suitable for use in identifying a substance or an item which method includes providing a substance or an item with a non-immunological identifiable species and with an immunological identifiable species and performing a detection step to establish the presence or absence of a non-immunological identifiable species and an immunological identifiable species.
- a method suitable for identifying a substance or an item which method includes performing a detection step to establish the presence or absence of a non-immunological identifiable species.
- a method suitable for identifying a substance or an item which method includes performing a detection step to establish the presence or absence of a non-immunological identifiable species and the presence or absence of an immunological identifiable species.
- the present invention may find application in covert labelling of a substance or an item.
- a "label” may be, for example, one kind of non-immunological identifiable species, or a plurality of kinds of non-immunological identifiable species, or one kind of non-immunological identifiable species and one kind of immunological identifiable species, or one kind of non-immunological identifiable species and a plurality of different kinds of immunological identifiable species, or a plurality of different kinds of non-immunological identifiable species and one kind of immunological identifiable species, or a plurality of different kinds of non-immunological identifiable species and a plurality of different kinds of immunological identifiable species.
- any suitable identifiable species that may be detected may find application as an identifiable species in accordance with the present invention.
- a substance or an item may be provided with a label (as hereinbefore mentioned) in any suitable manner.
- a non-immunological identifiable species may be any species capable of taking part in non-immunological specific interaction.
- a non- immunological identifiable species may be a species capable of taking part in a non-immunological specific binding reaction.
- an identifiable species may be, for example, a non-antigenic ligand or a binder species for a non-antigenic ligand. Examples of such species are ligand and binder species capable of undergoing non-immunological specific protein binding. Examples of non-antigenic ligands are steroids, carbohydrates, immunoglobulins, vitamin D and biotin. Examples of binder species for non-antigenic ligands are serum proteins, receptors, lectins, protein A, protein G, vitamin D binding protein and avidin.
- an immunological identifiable species may be any species capable of taking part in an immunological specific interaction.
- an immunological identifiable species may be a species capable of taking part in an immunological specific binding reaction.
- an identifiable species may be, for example, an antigenic ligand or a binder species for an antigenic ligand. Examples of such species are ligand and binder species capable of undergoing immunological binding.
- antigenic ligands are peptides, proteins (e.g. protein antigens), haptens, enzyme molecules and fragments of enzyme molecules.
- binder species for antigenic ligands are polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies and fragments of antibodies.
- An example of an antigenic ligand is fluorescein and an example of a binder species for fluorescein is anti-fluorescein-antibody.
- a non-antigenic ligand may be detected by a method which includes tat use* of its corresponding binder species and a binder species for a non-antigenic ligand may be detected by a method which includes the use of its corresponding non-antigenic ligand.
- an antigenic ligand may be detected by a method which includes the use of its corresponding binder species and a binder species for an antigenic ligand may be detected by a method which includes the use of its corresponding antigenic ligand.
- a binder species may be considered to be a specific reaction partner for a ligand and that a ligand may be considered to be a specific reaction partner for a binder species.
- Any suitable method of detection may be employed such as those known in the non-immunological field and those known in the immunological field.
- any form of suitable assay may be employed.
- a detection method may include the use of a tracer.
- a label may be introduced to the fluid by mixing therein.
- a label may be introduced during manufacture of the paste or solid.
- a label may be incorporated into a substance.
- the label may be provided in any suitable manner (e.g. by application to the item) .
- a label may be applied to an item in any suitable manner.
- a label may be incorporated into a composition for application to an item.
- a composition may be, for example, an ink, or ink medium, or ink composition, or a paint composition for application to an item by suitable means.
- a label may be incorporated into an ink, or ink medium, or ink composition, or a paint composition suitable for application to an item.
- the ink or ink medium may be, for example, an invisible ink or invisible ink medium, or invisible ink composition.
- composition which includes one or more non-immunological identifiable species, or one or more non-immunological identifiable species and one or more immunological identifiable species.
- the composition may be, for example, an ink composition which includes one or more non-immunological identifiable species, or one or more non-immunological identifiable species and one or more immunological identifiable species.
- one or more non- immunological identifiable species, or one or more non- immunological identifiable species and one or more immunological identifiable species may indicate "one kind of non-immunological identifiable species, or a plurality of kinds of non-immunological identifiable species, or one kind of non-immunological identifiable species and one kind of immunological identifiable species, or one kind of non- immunological identifiable species and a plurality of different kinds of immunological identifiable species, or a plurality of different kinds of non-immunological identifiable species and one kind of immunological identifiable species, or a plurality of different kinds of non-immunological identifiable species and a plurality of different kinds of immunological identifiable species".
- constituents of a composition may be chosen such that there is no unacceptable interference between an identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species included in a label and other constitutions of a composition such as to cause unacceptable deterioration in properties of the composition; also constituents of the composition may be such as to cause no unacceptable deterioration in properties of " an identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species included in the label.
- the label may be such that an identifiable species or plurality of identifiable species included therein may still be detected after application to an item, and after exposure of the item to such conditions as the item may encounter (e.g. in shipping and/or storage) .
- the present invention may be utilised to provide a substance or an item with a label in such a manner that the nature of the label (e.g. the nature of an identifiable species or of a plurality of identifiable species included therein) is not known to unauthorised persons; also it may be arranged that the amount of a label provided is unknown to unauthorised persons. If desired it may be arranged that the existence of a label may be unknown to unauthorised persons. Where an item is labelled it may be arranged that a location of a label is unknown to an unauthorised person.
- a label e.g. the nature of an identifiable species or of a plurality of identifiable species included therein
- a label may only need to be known by essential staff since knowledge of the nature of a label is not necessarily required by staff involved in providing a substance or an item with a label, nor by staff involved in quality control testing, nor by an individual in conducting a test to see if a particular label (e.g. a particular species therein) is present (since test reagents need not be identified other than by, for example, a reference code) .
- a substance or an item may be provided with a label, in any suitable concentration.
- a suitable concentration may be such that, for example, the amount of label present would render it difficult, or substantially impossible, for an unauthorised person to identify the label (e.g. to identify identifiable species or plurality of -1 - identifiable species included therein) by "conventional" methods (e.g. chemico-physical methods such as chromatography) but such that the amount of label used would be sufficient to facilitate detection by an authorised person using authorised detection reagents.
- compositions suitable for use in labelling of a substance or an item, may contain a label at a concentration of 0.1-80,000 ⁇ g/1.
- the present invention may find application in, for example, labelling for any suitable purpose; thus, for example, labelling may be carried out in order that a substance or an item may be identified so as to authenticate the substance or item.
- the present invention may find application in identifying a substance or an item for the purpose of distinguishing a genuine substance or a genuine item from a counterfeit substance or a counterfeit item.
- the present invention may find application in identifying a substance or an item for the purpose of monitoring movement of a substance or an item (e.g. in a chain or network); thus, for example, the movement of a substance or an item may be monitored for the purpose of monitoring the performance of a distribution chain or network, or, for example, the movement of a substance or an item may be monitored for the purposes of detecting diversion of goods (e.g. by an intermediate agent in a marketing chain or network) .
- the present invention may find application in, for example, labelling of any suitable substance or item. It is to be understood that “labelling” may also be considered to be “tagging” and that a “label” may also be considered a “tag”.
- any suitable substance e.g. a solid, a liquid or any other suitable substance
- any suitable item may be labelled. It is to be understood that in this Specification the term “item” embraces “article”; thus any suitable item or article may be labelled.
- “substance or item” as used in this Specification may be construed as embracing any matter whatsoever that is suitable, or may be rendered suitable, for labelling and anything whatsoever that is suitable, or may be rendered suitable, for labelling.
- a chosen substance or a chosen item with a selected label it may be possible, for example, to distinguish that substance or item from other substances and items by testing to detect the selected label.
- the presence of a selected label may indicate that a substance or item tested is the chosen substance or chosen item whereas the absence of such selected label or labels may indicate that a substance or item is not the chosen substance or chosen item.
- substances and items which may be labelled are: perfume, bank notes, art work, documents of realisable value, fashion clothes, watches, electrical goods, books, passports, medicines, any high value goods (e.g. luxury goods) , any high volume sales items, prestige high value articles, chemical formulations, meats and meat products (e.g. Kosher meats and foods) , and packaging for various goods.
- the present invention may find application in, for example, labelling of a substance or an item in a manner which is aimed at inhibiting fraudulent sales of forgeries, unauthorised copies and bogus goods.
- labelling may be used, for example, to permit a genuine manufacturer to identify, unequivocally, a substance or an item produced by the manufacturer and distinguish such a substance or item from a non-genuine substance or item.
- This offers the possibility of a genuine manufacturer to seek to inhibit loss of revenue -which may be caused by the presence of non-genuine substances or items in a given market.
- manufacturers may be able to discover substances of items which, although not provided by them, bear their brand names and/or packaging.
- the present invention may, for example, be utilised to label a substance or an item to indicate batch number and/or "best before" date.
- a label may be applied to an article in any suitable arrangement; thus, for example, a composition (e.g. an ink) containing a label may be applied to an item in the form of a desired set of markings (e.g. numbers or letters or shapes or designs).
- a composition e.g. an ink
- markings e.g. numbers or letters or shapes or designs
- Labelling of substances and items in accordance with the present invention may be effected, by way of example, by:
- a label as immediately hereinbefore disclosed in (a) to (j) may comprise one or more non-immunological identifiable species or one or more non-immunological identifiable species and one or more immunological identifiable species.
- a label comprises more than one identifiable species a substance or an item may be provided with such species either in any appropriate order, or simultaneously (e.g. where a label comprising more than one identifiable species is in a composition) .
- one or more non-immunological identifiable species may be detected in any suitable manner.
- one or more non-immunological identifiable species, or one or more non-immunological identifiable species and one or more immunological identifiable species may be detected, in situ (e.g. ( whilst still attached to an item) .
- one or more non- immunological identifiable species, or one or more non- immunological identifiable species and one or more immunological identifiable species may be retrieved from a substance or item and subjected to detection.
- one or more non-immunological identifiable species, or one or more non-immunological identifiable species and one or more immunological identifiable species may be subjected to detection in situ (e.g. whilst still attached to an item) , or alternatively, one or more non-immunological identifiable species, or one or more non-immunological identifiable species and one or more immunological identifiable species may be retrieved (e.g. by extraction by a suitable method) from a substance or item and subjected to detection..
- Retrieval of a label may be effected in any suitable manner.
- the liquid may be evaporated to leave a residue and the residue may be treated with a suitable liquid medium (e.g. a buffer
- an identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species included in a label is or are to be retrieved from a substance which is not a liquid
- the substance may be dissolved or otherwise treated to give a liquid containing an identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species, which liquid may then be subjected to detection or treated as immediately hereinbefore disclosed by evaporation and treatment with a liquid medium to give a liquid sample which may be subjected to detection.
- an identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species included in a label may be extracted from an item (e.g. to give a liquid containing identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species) and subjected to detection in any suitable manner.
- identifiable species may be retrieved separately, or together or, if appropriate, in any suitable combination.
- solvent may be removed after extraction and a suitable buffer may be added (e.g. an immunoassay buffer such as PBS pH 7.4) .
- a suitable buffer e.g. an immunoassay buffer such as PBS pH 7.4
- any solvent or solvent system used may be chosen such as to be appropriate to an identifiable species or to a plurality of identifiable species included in a label.
- a solvent or a solvent system may be chosen such that the use thereof does not cause unacceptable changes in an identifiable species or plurality of identifiable species included in a label.
- the identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species may be immobilised in any suitable manner so as to permit detection (e.g. by a specific protein binding assay (e.g. a non-immunoassay procedure or an immunoassay procedure) by any other suitable detection procedure.
- a specific protein binding assay e.g. a non-immunoassay procedure or an immunoassay procedure
- a non-specific chemical method may be used to immobilise an identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species on a suitable support material (e.g. on nitrocellulose paper) ; for example, an identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species may be retrieved, provided in a suitable liquid medium (e.g. a buffer solution), and the identifiable species or plurality of identifiable species may be immobilised on a suitable support by means of a non ⁇ specific chemical method.
- a suitable support material e.g. on nitrocellulose paper
- a suitable liquid medium e.g. a buffer solution
- an identifiable species or plurality of identifiable species may be retrieved, provided in a suitable liquid medium (e.g. a buffer solution) , and then may be immobilised on a suitable support material (e.g. polystyrene) by non ⁇ specific adsorption.
- a suitable liquid medium e.g. a buffer solution
- a suitable support material e.g. polystyrene
- specific interaction may be used to immobilise a retrieved identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species.
- a specific reaction partner for an identifiable species may be used to effect attachment to a support material by use of specific interaction with an identifiable species.
- an identifiable species is a ligand
- a binder species e.g. an antibody or a non-immunological binder species
- a ligand may be used to effect attachment of an identifiable species to a support material.
- reaction partner may be used to bring about immobilisation of an identifiable species in any convenient manner.
- a specific reaction partner may be associated with a support material before or after undergoing specific interaction with a specific reaction partner.
- a specific reaction partner for an identifiable species may be directly associated with a support material (e.g. by covalent linkage) or may be indirectly associated with a support material via another species and linfts (e.g. specific or non-specific in nature).
- a specific a reaction partner is a binder species
- a second binder species being an antibody which second binder species is binder species for the reaction partner; in this configuration the second binder species may be attached to a support material in any convenient manner and at any convenient time and may be allowed to undergo specific binding with the reaction partner before or after the reaction partner has undergone specific interaction with an identifiable species.
- a specific reaction partner for an identifiable species may be arranged to be associated with a support material (before or after reaction with an identifiable species ) by means of an auxiliary binder or an auxiliary ligand system (e.g. by means of a further ligand-binder system) .
- an identifiable species Once an identifiable species has been immobilised on a support material it may be detected in any suitable way such as those known in the immunological field and in the non-immunological field.
- a suitable binder species for an identifiable species may be arranged to be associated with a tracer species capable of giving rise to a detectable signal.
- an identifiable species is a binder species for a ligand
- a suitable ligand may be arranged to be associated with a tracer species capable of giving rise to a detectable signal.
- any suitable tracer species may be utilised as desired in accordance with the present invention;
- examples of such tracer species are enzymes, fluorescent compounds, chemiluminescent components, bioluminescent compounds, radioisotopes and dyes.
- an enzyme may be detected by any suitable technique such as direct detection, detection by substrate plus chromogenic substance, detection by coupled enzyme reactions or detection by enzyme cycling methods (e.g. enzyme amplification) .
- a signal from a tracer species may be determined, for example, by any suitable chemical or biochemical method or in any suitable manner.
- a liquid or liquid sample containing an identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species may be subjected to detection by means of providing a thin film of the liquid or liquid sample on a suitable solid surface and drying this film to provide on the solid surface a thin layer of material to be subjected to detection.
- the solid surface may be, for example, a glass microscope slide, a glass rod or a petri dish. Where the solid surface is in a suitable form (e.g. a microscope slide or a glass rod) a thin film of liquid or liquid sample may be provided thereon by dipping the solid surface into the liquid or liquid sample.
- a suitable form e.g. a microscope slide or a glass rod
- a thin layer of material on a suitable solid surface obtainable as immediately hereinbefore disclosed may be subjected to detection in any suitable manner, for example, by adding identification reagents or by any suitable method (e.g. an assay method) .
- an identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species in a liquid or liquid sample may be detected by adding suitable identification reagents to the liquid or liquid sample.
- Detection in situ of an identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species may be carried out using any suitable procedure, for example procedures known in the immunological field or non-immunological protein binding field; it will be appreciated that in an in situ procedure, an item itself may act as a support material in a detection procedure.
- in situ detection of an identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species may be effected using a specific reaction partner or specific reaction partners, which may be associated with suitable tracer species.
- tracer species may be detected in situ .
- An identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species may be detected, for example, in any suitable form of assay.
- a non-competitive sandwich assay configuration may be used (e.g. after retrieval of an identifiable species or a plurality of identifiable species) .
- a specific reaction partner for an identifiable species e.g. which specific reaction partner is or may be attached to a support material
- another antibody which in turn may be directly or indirectly associated with a tracer species
- a tracer species may be utilised to facilitate detection of the identifiable species.
- antibody may be denatured and the identifiable species recovered for use in a further (e.g. competitive) assay which may be used to confirm results of the non-competitive assay.
- test-kit suitable for use in identifying a substance or an item, which test-kit includes a specific reaction partner for a non- immunological identifiable species, or a specific reaction partner for a non-immunological identifiable species and a specific reaction partner for an immunological identifiable species.
- composition suitable for use in labelling of a substance or an item which composition includes a non-immunological identifiable species, or a non-immunological identifiable species and an immunological identifiable species.
- a composition in accordance with the immediately preceding aspect of the present invention may be an ink composition, or an ink vehicle composition, or paint composition.
- An ink vehicle composition may be a composition which contains a mixture of substances normally found in ink compositions except for a colourant dye.
- An ink vehicle composition may have a dye added to it in order to make a coloured ink.
- a combination comprising a non-immunological identifiable species associated with a solubilising agent.
- a combination comprising a non- immunological identifiable species, associated with a first solubilising agent and an immunological identifiable species associated with a second solubilising agent.
- the first solubilising agent and the second solubilising agent may be, for example, the same kind of solubilising agent or different kinds of solubilising agent.
- the first solubilising species and the second solubilising species are the same kind of species
- a non-immunological identifiable species may be associated with one sample of the solubilising agent and an immunological identifiable species may be associated with another sample of solubilising agent.
- An solubilising agent may be a surfactant.
- a combination comprising a non- immunological identifiable species associated with a surfactant.
- the first surfactant and the second surfactant may be the same kind of surfactant or different kinds of surfactant.
- a non-immunological identifiable species or a non- immunological identifiable species and immunological identifiable species may be associated with a surfactant in any suitable manner, for example by conjugation with a reactive site or sites of a surfactant. It will be appreciated that conjugation may be by covalent bonding.
- Polyethylene glycol is an example of a surfactant which may be utilised in accordance with the present invention.
- a non-immunological identifiable species may be associated (e.g. conjugated) with polyethylene glycol.
- a non-immunological identifiable species may be associated (e.g. conjugated) with one sample of polyethylene glycol, and an immunological identifiable species may be associated with another sample of polyethylene glycol.
- a combination as immediately hereinbefore disclosed may be soluble in both aqueous and organic liquids. This may offer advantages, for example, when seeking to introduce a non-immunological identifiable species or a non- immunological identifiable species and an immunological identifiable species to an ink which has organic components (e.g. an organic solvent).
- organic components e.g. an organic solvent
- a combination comprising a non- immunological identifiable species associated with a first insolubilising medium and an immunological identifiable species associated with a second insolubilising medium.
- the first insolubilising medium and the second insolubilising medium may be the same kind of insolubilising medium or different kinds of insolubilising medium.
- the first insolubilising medium and the second insolubilising medium are the same kind of insolubilising medium
- a non- immunological identifiable species may be associated with one sample of insolubilising medium and an immunological identifiable species may be associated with another sample of insolubilising medium.
- the insolubilising medium may be, for example, a medium which is of a type, and of sufficient particle size, such that it does not dissolve in chosen organic or aqueous solvents whereby a non-immunological identifiable species or a non-immunological identifiable species and an immunological identifiable species associated with insolubilising medium is also rendered substantially insoluble in chosen organic or aqueous solvents.
- the insolubilising medium may be, for example, microparticles of micron and sub-micron size (e.g. latex particles, polystyrene microparticles, microcellulose particles and glass powder particles) . Microparticles of micron and sub-micron size are commercially available.
- any suitable means may be utilised to associate a non-immunological identifiable species, or a non-immunological identifiable species and an immunological identifiable species with insolubilising medium.
- any suitable method of attachment may be utilised, for example, those known in the art for attaching species (e.g. biochemical species) to a microparticle.
- species e.g. biochemical species
- attachment examples include adsorption and covalent bonding.
- a combination of a label associated with an insolubilising medium may comprise a non-immunological identifiable species attached to an insolubilising medium comprising a microparticle or microparticles, or may comprise a non-immunological identifiable species attached to an insolubilising medium comprising a microparticle or microparticles and an immunological identifiable species attached to an insolubilising medium comprising a microparticle or microparticles.
- a combination as immediately hereinbefore disclosed may be substantially insoluble in chosen organic or aqueous solvents .
- such a combination may be formed as a homogeneous suspension in organic or aqueous media of high viscosity (e.g. 0.8% hydroxylpropylmethyl cellulose solution) and such a suspension may offer advantages in, for example, assisting providing substantially uniform concentrations of non-immunological identifiable species or non- immunological identifiable species and immunological identifiable species when included in a label.
- the present invention may provide, inter alia , for the labelling or tagging of a substance or an item by means of a label which is biodetectable.
- a non-immunological identifiable species or a non- immunological identifiable species and an immunological identifiable species may be possible to arrange for a non-immunological identifiable species or a non- immunological identifiable species and an immunological identifiable species to become attached to a component of a composition (e.g. a component of an ink vehicle composition) .
- a labelled substance or a labelled item wherein the substance or item is labelled with a non-immunological identifiable species or a non- immunological identifiable species and an immunological identifiable species.
- an identifiable species may be detected qualitatively or quantitatively; it will be understood that a quantitative detection (which may be considered, for example, to be measurement) may be carried out in conjunction with a calibration curve.
- Detection of an identifiable species may be effected by any suitable technique such as those known in the field, for example in the field of protein binding assay (e.g. immunological assay and non-immunological assay) .
- protein binding assay e.g. immunological assay and non-immunological assay
- antibody as used in this Specification embraces whole antibody and antibody fragments such as Fab and (Fab), and, accordingly, the term “antibodies” as used herein embraces whole antibodies and antibody fragments as may be appropriate.
- antibodies may be prepared as desired by any suitable method, for example those known for the raising of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies.
- a binder comprising an antibody for an antigenic ligand may be prepared by raising antibodies respectively to an antigenic ligand.
- any suitable support material such as those known in the art may be utilised; examples of support materials are polystyrene (which may be used in any convenient form) and nitro-cellulose (which may be used in any convenient form) .
- the present invention may offer, for example, an advantage of utilising more than one method of detection (e.g. sequentially) in a given detection procedure; also the present invention may offer an advantage of high sensitivity of detection by use of a combination of a ligand and a binder which combination has a high affinity (e.g. picogra me quantities may be detected) .
- a combination of a ligand and a binder which combination has a high affinity e.g. picogra me quantities may be detected
- one or more non-immunological identifiable species or one or more non-immunological identifiable species and one or more immunological identifiable species may be used to effect labelling.
- such a species or species may be used with other identifiable species (e.g. separate identifiable species or those which form part of an entity or entities) .
- one or more non- immunological identifiable species or one or more non- immunological identifiable species and one or more immunological identifiable species may be used together with one or a plurality or any combination of other identifiable species such as, for example, a "masked" ligand, an enzyme molecule, a fragment of an enzyme molecule, a binder for an enzyme molecule, a binder for a fragment of an enzyme molecule, a nucleic acid, or a species capable of undergoing specific interaction with a nucleic acid, or with an entity which provides a plurality of identifiable species.
- identifiable species such as, for example, a "masked" ligand, an enzyme molecule, a fragment of an enzyme molecule, a binder for an enzyme molecule, a binder for a fragment of an enzyme molecule, a nucleic acid, or a species capable of undergoing specific interaction with a nucleic acid, or with an entity which provides a plurality of identifiable species.
- Biotin (Vitamin H) was added (100 ng/ml) to a commercially available ink vehicle composition to provide a labelled ink vehicle composition.
- a sample (0.1 ml) of the labelled ink vehicle composition was applied to a petri dish and dried at 40°C.
- biotin of the biotinamido ⁇ caproate-BSA conjugate competed with biotin (if any) in extraction liquid samples for binding with the avidin of the avidin-peroxidase conjugate.
- the fraction bound to the plates was measured. Signal was developed by use of known procedures using peroxidase reaction with ABTS as a chromogen.
- Example 1 The procedures disclosed in Example 1 were generally followed with the exception that an ink vehicle composition was provided with the antigenic ligand carboxyfluorescein (80 ng/ml) in addition to biotin as in Example 1.
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was activated, a diaminooctane derivative was formed and a ligand was coupled to the derivatives.
- polyethylene glycol of average MW 20,000 (ex Sigma) (5 g) was dissolved in 1,4 dioxan (80 ml) and of 1,1' carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) (ex Sigma) (1.5 g) was added.
- CDI 1,1' carbonyldiimidazole
- activated PEG was precipitated from dioxan by addition of cold diethyl ether (300 ml) . After standing on ice for 15 min solid product was recovered by filtration.
- CDI-activated PEG 2.5 g was added to a solution of diaminooctane (0.5 g in 30 ml sodium bicarbonate/ carbonate buffer (pH 9.6) and 20 ml 1,4-dioxan) . After mixing for 24 hr the resulting reaction mixture was dialysed to remove unreacted diamine. Thus, PEG- diaminooctane derivative was prepared.
- SyBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The resulting product was a combination comprising PEG-diaminooctane-5 (6) -carboxyfluorescein.
- Example 3 The product of Example 3 was followed with the exception that biotinamidocaproate N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (ex Sigma) (10 mg) wa ⁇ used in place of 5(6)- carboxyfluore ⁇ cein.
- Example 3 The combination prepared in Example 3 was added (at a concentration of 50 mg/1) to a commercially available ink vehicle composition to give a labelled ink vehicle composition.
- the labelled ink vehicle composition (200 ⁇ l) was applied to a petri dish, spread to form a thin layer, and allowed to dry at 37°C for 2 hr to form a "test" dish.
- a "control” dish was prepared in the same way using unlabelled ink vehicle composition.
- the dry ink layers were treated for about 5 minutes with a conjugate comprising anti-5 (6) -carboxyfluorescein antibody-HRP (400 ⁇ l) in a binding buffer.
- the binding buffer was PBS containing 0.2% gelation, 10 mg/ml BSA, 0.05% Tween 20, 0.001% thimerosal and 20 mg/ml rhodamine B base.
- the peroxidase substrate solution was 0.5 mg/ml of 2,2 azino-bis (3-ethylbenz-thiazaline-6-sulfonic acid [ABTS], in 150 mM sodium acetate/citric acid buffer (pH 4.1) containing 60 ⁇ l of 34% v/v hydrogen peroxide/100 ml of buffer. )
- Example 5 The procedure of Example 5 was followed with the exception that the combination prepared as in Example 4 was also added to an ink vehicle combination and thus an avidin-HRP conjugate was also used in addition to anti- 5(6) -carboxyfluorescein antibody to detect identifiable species.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7517282A JPH09506972A (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1994-12-22 | Marking method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9326277.2 | 1993-12-23 | ||
GB939326277A GB9326277D0 (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1993-12-23 | Labelling |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995017667A1 true WO1995017667A1 (en) | 1995-06-29 |
Family
ID=10747085
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1994/002805 WO1995017667A1 (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1994-12-22 | Labelling |
PCT/GB1994/002796 WO1995017669A1 (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1994-12-22 | Labelling |
PCT/GB1994/002824 WO1995017670A1 (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1994-12-22 | Labelling |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1994/002796 WO1995017669A1 (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1994-12-22 | Labelling |
PCT/GB1994/002824 WO1995017670A1 (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1994-12-22 | Labelling |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (4) | JPH07203987A (en) |
DE (1) | DE4446042A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2714474A1 (en) |
GB (5) | GB9326277D0 (en) |
WO (3) | WO1995017667A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2306741A (en) | 1995-10-24 | 1997-05-07 | Sharp Kk | Illuminator |
GB2319337B (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1999-09-29 | Probe Fx Patents Limited | Compositions and methods for tracing or identifying goods or their theft |
DE19735628C2 (en) * | 1997-08-18 | 1999-10-14 | Johannes Puff | Procedure to prevent counterfeiting of a non-personal means of access authorization |
IL138178A0 (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 2001-10-31 | Tracking Technologies Inc | Identifiable marking compositions and methods |
DE10002819B4 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2004-07-08 | Sension, Biologische Detektions- Und Schnelltestsysteme Gmbh | Detection system for checking the originality of an object and test device for performing the test |
DE10047051A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-04-11 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Procedure for the validation of biochemically coded value and security documents |
DE10222075A1 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-12-11 | Henkel Kgaa | Identification procedure for product protection |
US8080097B2 (en) | 2003-11-06 | 2011-12-20 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | System and a method for the creation of edible, optically invisible images |
EP1704256A4 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2008-01-16 | Us Genomics Inc | Detection and quantification of analytes in solution using polymers |
JP2006168084A (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-29 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Laminated coating film structure |
JP2006167558A (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-29 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Repair coating film and repair coating method |
JP2006172025A (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-29 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Laminated coated film structure |
EP1999873A2 (en) | 2006-03-13 | 2008-12-10 | SMI Holding, Inc. | Automatic microparticle mark reader |
DE102009004739A1 (en) * | 2008-06-14 | 2009-12-17 | Helling, Günter, Dr. | Multilayer degradable polymer system as security element |
Citations (2)
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EP0327163A2 (en) * | 1988-02-02 | 1989-08-09 | Biocode, Inc. | Detection of chemicals by immunoassay |
WO1990014441A1 (en) * | 1989-05-22 | 1990-11-29 | Cetus Corporation | Methods for tagging and tracing materials with nucleic acids |
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FR2341865A1 (en) * | 1976-02-19 | 1977-09-16 | Api Labor | SUPPORT FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES AND METHOD OF ASSESSMENT USING THIS SUPPORT |
US4197104A (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1980-04-08 | General Electric Company | Magnetic tag process |
US4228237A (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1980-10-14 | Calbiochem-Behring Corp. | Methods for the detection and determination of ligands |
US4318981A (en) * | 1980-04-24 | 1982-03-09 | Miles Laboratories, Inc. | Homogeneous specific binding assay employing an intramolecularly modulated photogenic enzyme substrate label |
US4434150A (en) * | 1981-10-19 | 1984-02-28 | Ortho Diagnostic Systems, Inc. | Immunological reagents employing polymeric backbone possessing reactive functional groups |
DE3211102A1 (en) * | 1982-03-25 | 1983-10-06 | Schwarz Klaus Billett Automat | METHOD FOR AUTHENTICITY CONTROL OF PAPER SECTIONS AND USE OF A COLOR REACTION SYSTEM SUITABLE FOR THIS |
US4499052A (en) * | 1982-08-30 | 1985-02-12 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Apparatus for distinguishing multiple subpopulations of cells |
US4687732A (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1987-08-18 | Yale University | Visualization polymers and their application to diagnostic medicine |
WO1985001442A1 (en) * | 1983-09-28 | 1985-04-11 | Summa Medical Corporation | Lectin composition and method for diagnosis of cancer |
WO1985004189A1 (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1985-09-26 | Teodorescu Marius C | Bacteriophages as recognition and identification agents |
WO1987004794A1 (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1987-08-13 | Microbiological Associates, Inc. | Latex agglutination using avidin/biotin system |
GB8608629D0 (en) * | 1986-04-09 | 1986-05-14 | Biotechnica Ltd | Labelling |
GB8620430D0 (en) * | 1986-08-22 | 1986-10-01 | Plessey Co Plc | Marking of articles |
GB8621261D0 (en) * | 1986-09-03 | 1986-10-08 | Barnard G J R | Enhanced luminescent assay |
US4959306A (en) * | 1986-11-28 | 1990-09-25 | Sclavo, Inc. | Labeling design for a binding assay reagent |
US4826762A (en) * | 1987-10-23 | 1989-05-02 | Massachusetts Industry Of Technology | Enzymatic temperature change indicator |
FR2649518B1 (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1991-10-18 | Bioprobe Systems Sa | HIGH SECURITY ENCRYPTED MARKING METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PROTECTION OF VALUABLE OBJECTS |
GB9010138D0 (en) * | 1990-05-04 | 1990-06-27 | Slater James H | An ultrasensitive microtrace procedure for monitoring the origin,movement and fate of any liquid or solid material |
GB9020364D0 (en) * | 1990-09-18 | 1990-10-31 | Cambridge Consultants | Time temperature indicator |
GB9218131D0 (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1992-10-14 | Slater James H | A method of marking a liquid |
-
1993
- 1993-12-23 GB GB939326277A patent/GB9326277D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-12-22 JP JP32011694A patent/JPH07203987A/en active Pending
- 1994-12-22 JP JP7517278A patent/JPH09508199A/en active Pending
- 1994-12-22 WO PCT/GB1994/002805 patent/WO1995017667A1/en active Application Filing
- 1994-12-22 FR FR9415462A patent/FR2714474A1/en active Pending
- 1994-12-22 JP JP7517290A patent/JPH09509372A/en active Pending
- 1994-12-22 WO PCT/GB1994/002796 patent/WO1995017669A1/en active Application Filing
- 1994-12-22 GB GB9425923A patent/GB2286673A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-12-22 JP JP7517282A patent/JPH09506972A/en active Pending
- 1994-12-22 GB GB9425922A patent/GB2286672A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-12-22 GB GB9425925A patent/GB2286044A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-12-22 WO PCT/GB1994/002824 patent/WO1995017670A1/en active Application Filing
- 1994-12-22 DE DE19944446042 patent/DE4446042A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-12-22 GB GB9425924A patent/GB2286674A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0327163A2 (en) * | 1988-02-02 | 1989-08-09 | Biocode, Inc. | Detection of chemicals by immunoassay |
WO1990014441A1 (en) * | 1989-05-22 | 1990-11-29 | Cetus Corporation | Methods for tagging and tracing materials with nucleic acids |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2714474A1 (en) | 1995-06-30 |
JPH09506972A (en) | 1997-07-08 |
WO1995017670A1 (en) | 1995-06-29 |
JPH09508199A (en) | 1997-08-19 |
JPH09509372A (en) | 1997-09-22 |
GB9425922D0 (en) | 1995-02-22 |
JPH07203987A (en) | 1995-08-08 |
DE4446042A1 (en) | 1995-06-29 |
GB2286672A (en) | 1995-08-23 |
GB9425924D0 (en) | 1995-02-22 |
GB9425923D0 (en) | 1995-02-22 |
GB2286674A (en) | 1995-08-23 |
WO1995017669A1 (en) | 1995-06-29 |
GB9326277D0 (en) | 1994-02-23 |
GB9425925D0 (en) | 1995-02-22 |
GB2286673A (en) | 1995-08-23 |
GB2286044A (en) | 1995-08-02 |
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