WO1995017562A1 - Structure de façade, immeuble equipe de cette structure de façade, et element de construction trouvant application dans cette structure de façade - Google Patents
Structure de façade, immeuble equipe de cette structure de façade, et element de construction trouvant application dans cette structure de façade Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995017562A1 WO1995017562A1 PCT/NL1994/000325 NL9400325W WO9517562A1 WO 1995017562 A1 WO1995017562 A1 WO 1995017562A1 NL 9400325 W NL9400325 W NL 9400325W WO 9517562 A1 WO9517562 A1 WO 9517562A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- construction
- frontage
- accordance
- posts
- foundation
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
- E04B2/58—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
Definitions
- the invention pertains to a frontage construction comprising vertical posts with intermediate stacked building elements which are provided with indentations in their sides for the purposes of inter-coupling and of coupling with the posts, whereby the Posts are at least partially enveloped by the building elements, which building elements contain a core of isolating material, and contain an outer shell on one major side, which is provided with mutually-complementary profiles on its upper and lower sides.
- the invention additionally pertains to a building equipped with such a frontage construction and a building element applicable in the frontage construction.
- a frontage construction of the type mentioned in the introduction, and additionally a building and building element, are known from the International patent application with publication number WO 92/01124.
- the frontage construction known from this publication contains building elements which can be stacked between vertical posts, whereby the building elements are provided with indentations within which the posts are at least located, and whereby horizontal beams are present between the building elements for the purposes of coupling of the building elements in the vertical sense.
- This known frontage construction can be disassembled in a manner whereby the building elements can be fully re-utilised.
- the frontage can be built without the involvement of specialised professional tradesmen such as plasterers, pointers and stucco-plasterers.
- a goal of the invention is to provide a frontage construction of the type referred to in the introduction, which frontage construction conforms even more closely to the required constructional criteria.
- the frontage construction in accordance with the invention is characterised in that the building elements are provided on their left-hand and right-hand sides with additional profiles, which profiles are complementary to each other, and which profiles are located on the outer shell.
- the posts provide for a moisture- proof sealing of the vertical seams between the building elements and additionally for a wind-proof seal, whereby sufficient thermal-isolation should be achieved
- the invention is attributable to the insight (among other things) that the reason heretofore lies in the fact that gaps arise in the frontage construction as a result of the fact that the known posts bend somewhat as a result of temperature differences between the exterior and interior.
- the posts lie with one side exposed to the outside air (via gaps between the building elements) and with the opposite side exposed to the interior.
- the construction as indicated in figure 3a and 3b can also be understood to be covered by the prior discussion regarding the fact that the building elements at least partially surround the posts. A portion of the post is thereby located outside the building elements, and only a portion of the post is surrounded by the building elements.
- the wording indicating that the posts are at least partially surrounded by the building elements means that the indentations in the side walls of the building elements are shaped in such a manner that they serve for the enclosure of an external component (not being part of a neighbouring building element) .
- the profiles can, in fact, have any desired form or shape.
- An embodiment of the trontage construction in accordance with the invention is characterised in that the further profiles at least extent into the core on the left-hand and right-hand sides thereof.
- the sealing is improved in this manner.
- a further improvement of the sealing can be obtained if the profiles are formed by chamfers and if the plane of chamfering of at least the further chamfers contains a lengthwise kink.
- the kink is preferably located on the separation line between the outer shell and the core.
- the indentations and profiles. in the upper and lower sides of the building elements result in a sufficient sealing effect. Because the posts are partially surrounded by the building elements, they are situated with one side close to the outer- frontage side, and as a result hereof, the sealing between the neighbouring building elements should preferably be better than that of the sealing between two building elements which are situated upon each other. This is achieved by allowing the chamfers to extend somewhat into the core.
- a further embodiment of the frontage construction in accordance with the invention is characterised in that the posts are provided with an isolating layer on their sides facing the outer frontage side.
- the measure which involves the provision of the post with an isolating layer can also be taken separately from the aforementioned measures, and, when used for isolation, has a positive effect with respect to the adherence to the constructional requirements.
- a further embodiment of the frontage construction in accordance with the invention is characterised in that a portion of the posts is located outside the building elements, to which portion a wall is affixed at a distance from the building elements.
- the posts can be hereby located partially on the inner frontage side or on the outer frontage side.
- the frontage acquires a higher isolation factor with an improved thermal accumulation.
- larger and more rigid posts can be employed, whereby greater stability is achieved; this i ⁇ especially advantageous when several building layers are employed.
- pipes can be located in the cavity. This measure can also be taken separately from the aforementioned measure for the reduction of the possibility of gap formation.
- a further embodiment is characterised in that frontispiece panels are removably affixed to the building elements.
- the frontispiece panels are preferably located at a distance from the building elements. In this manner, air or an isolating material i ⁇ situated between the frontispiece panels and the building elements, leading to a better overall isolation.
- an advantageous embodiment of the frontage construction in accordance with the invention is characterised in that the posts are coupled together on their upper and/or lower ends by means of separation elements. In this manner, the posts are accurately positioned at a predetermined distance, whereby the building elements fit closely together; in this way the chance of gap-forming is strongly reduced.
- a further advantage of this embodiment is that it allows for adjustment po i bi 1it i as in the placement of the posts with the correct separation, whereby a high degree of dimensional accuracy of the posts is achieved.
- the measure of coupling the posts via separation elements can also be taken separately from the other aforementioned measures, and, when employed in isolation, has a positive effect with respect to the adherence to the constructional requirements.
- An embodiment of the frontage construction in accordance with the invention is characterised in that the posts are affixed to a wall-plate at their top ends and are affixed to a foundation at their lower ends. In this way, a situation is achieved whereby the posts, with the aid of the separation elements, are rigidly maintained at the singly adjusted separation distance from each other, whereby a high degree of dimensional accuracy is achieved for the frontage construction. In this way, the wall plate provides extra stability to the frontage construction.
- An advantageous embodiment hereof is characterised in that the frontage construction contains an adapter piece which is located in a cavity between the shell, the core, and the foundation, and contains a further adapter piece which is located in a further cavity between the shell, the core, and the wall plate.
- a further embodiment is characterised in that the foundation includes a supporting construction and a profiled foundation beam affixed to the supporting construction.
- the supporting construction can be of, for example, poured concrete, to which supporting construction the foundation beam, which is preferably made of steel, is affixed.
- An advantage of the application of such a foundation beam is that the posts can be adjustably affixed thereto (because slotted holes or grooves are present in the foundation beam, for example) , and that a dimensionally- accurate coupling between two posts is achieved after the posts have been affixed to the foundation beam.
- the supporting construction preferably contains a prefabricated beam or prefabricated stack bearers, whereby the foundation can be disassembled and reused.
- the foundation contains separate foundation elements and coupling elements, which coupling elements connect the foundation elements together at their corners, and moreover contains a profiled foundation beam which is affixed to the foundation elements.
- the foundation beam is preferably a corner-profile affixed to an edge of the supporting construction, or is a C-profile affixed on top of the supporting construction.
- this frontage is suitable for use in permanent construction.
- This is contrary to the known frontage construction which, a ⁇ a result of the lesser dimensional accuracy and poorer adjustability, only meets the requirements for semi-permanent construction in respect of isolation capacity and rigidity.
- the construction in accordance with the invention is so solid that no wind-around straps or gluings are required. In this manner, the frontage construction can be also totally dismantled.
- a panel is known from the International patent application with publication number WO 92/01124, which panel consists of two shells with a core between them, whereby the shells are provided at the sides with profiles in order to assist the coupling process with neighbouring panels.
- This known construction is, however, only composed of panels and does not include any posts (present at least partially) between the panels. In this way, the atore entioned problems which can occur in the use of posts cannot arise.
- the profiles are located solely in the shells and not in the core.
- FIGURE 1 shows a horizontal cross-section view of an embodiment of the frontage construction in accordance with the invention
- FIGURE 2 is a vertical cross-section view of the frontage construction
- FIGURE 3 shows a horizontal cross-section view of a second embodiment of the frontage construction in accordance with the invention, with cavity;
- FIGURE 4 depicts the application of frontispiece panels in the frontage construction in accordance with the invention
- FIGURE 5 shows a frontage construction in accordance with the invention, without building elements
- FIGURES 6 and 7 depict different variations on the foundation of the frontage construction in accordance with the invention.
- FIGURE 8 shows an example of an embodiment of the frontage construction in accordance with the invention
- FIGURE 9 shows an example of an embodiment of a foundation in accordance with the invention
- FIGURE 10 depicts an example of an embodiment of a ceiling construction in accordance with the invention.
- FIGURE 11 shows an example of an embodiment of a corner construction in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 1 depicts a horizontal cross-section view of a first embodiment 1 of the frontage construction in accordance with the invention.
- the frontage construction is composed of posts 3, which posts 3 are provided on both sides 5, 7 with an isolating layer of e.g. multiplex, and is composed of building elements 9 stacked between the posts 3.
- the building elements 9 have a core 11 of isolating material, which core 11 is provided on both major sides with an exterior shell 13 and an interior shell 15, respectively.
- the shells 13, 15 are preferably made from a light and strong material such as polymer glass-fibre reinforced cement.
- the sides of the building elements 9 are provided with indentations 17, 19 (see also figure 2) within which the posts 3 and a coupling beam 21, respectively, are located, for the purposes of coupling the building elements in a vertical sense.
- the posts 3 are completely enclosed by the building elements 9.
- a vertical cross-section view of the frontage construction is depicted in figure 2.
- the building elements and posts are situated upon a foundation which is formed by a supporting construction comprised of a prefab or poured concrete beam 23 to whicn a profiled foundation beam in the form of a steel corner profile 25 is affixed.
- An adapter piece 27 is located on the foundation beam, which adapter piece 27 fills the gap present between the corner profile 25 and the lowermost building element 9.
- the outer shell 13 and inner shell 15 have chamfers 29 on their upper and lower sides.
- the chamfer on the upper side is complementary to the chamfer on the lower side, whereby a good sealing is achieved between two building elements stacked upon each other. It is also as a result of the indentations 19 and the coupling beam 21 that a moisture and draught-proof coupling is obtained.
- a wall plate 71 is affixed to the posts.
- a further finishing piece 28 is located between the uppermost building element 9 and the wall plate 71.-
- the left-hand and right-hand sides of the shells 13, 15 have further chamfers 31 for purposes of sealing of the gaps between two neighbouring building elements 9 - see figure l.
- the further chamfers 31 extend to the left-hand and right-hand side of the core 11.
- the plane of chamfering contains a lengthwise kink 33 on the separation line between the outer and inner shell 13, 15, respectively, and the core 11, whereby the penetration of water becomes practically impossible.
- the frontage can also be provided with a cavity.
- Figures 3a, 3b and 3c each show a horizontal cross-section of a second embodiment 35, 35' and 35" of the frontage construction in accordance with the invention, with a cavity.
- a more rigid post 37 with a wider cross-sectional area can also be employed.
- the posts 37 are hereby only partially enveloped by building elements 39 and have a portion 41 outside the building elements on the inner frontage side.
- the portion 43 enclosed by the building elements has a T-shaped cross- ⁇ ection in this particular embodiment, which portion 43 i ⁇ provided with an isolating layer 45 on the outward-facing side.
- An inner wall 47 is located at a distance from the building elements 39. This inner wall can consist of either large plates or smaller stacked plate elements which cite ai taxed to the posts 41.
- the inner wall 47 can also be applied right up against the building elements 39.
- an outer wall can also be applied to the outer portion of the frontage.
- Figures 4a and 4b show the usage of removable frontispiece panels 49 in the case of the frontage construction in accordance with the invention.
- the inner ⁇ hells 51 of the building elements 53 are provided with fixing holes 55, within which holes fixing pins 57 present on the panels can be inserted.
- the pins 57 are preferably longer than the depth of the holes 55, whereby the frontispiece panels 49 remain at a distance from the building elements 53 and whereby the thus- formed separation cavity serves as extra isolation means.
- the frontispiece-panels or profiled panels 49, 49' and 49" can be mounted in both a horizontal as well as a vertical position, as is depicted in figure 4a and 4b.
- Frontispiece panels can also be affixed to the outer shell 59 of the building elements 53. It is also possible to fix the plates v.'ith the aid of hanging means 57' .
- Figures 5a and 5b depict a further embodiment 61 of the frontage construction in accordance with the invention. For the sake of clarity, no building elements have been shown here.
- the frontage construction has similar posts 63 as were employed in the first embodiment.
- the posts 63, 63' can be embodied in a variety of profiles and with various strengths, depending upon the stability criteria and the number of construction layers.
- the posts 63 are situated at a desired mutual separation-distance from each other in such a manner that the building elements which are to be stacked between them fit together accurately with their shells.
- This desired mutual separation is achieved by coupling the posts 63 by separation elements 65, affixed to the upper and lower ends of the posts 63.
- the separation elements 65 and the posts 63 have positioning means with which they are interconnected at a predetermined distance from each other. These positioning means are on the one hand formed by pins 67 present on the upper and lower ends of the posts 63, and on the other hand by holes 69 situated at predetermined regular intervals in the coupling elements 65.
- the pins 67 are provided with external screw-thread to which threaded nuts can be affixed.
- the posts 63 are connected at their upper ends to a wall plate 71 with a steel profile, within which profile slotted holes through which the pins 69 protrude are present, and with which the connection between the wall plate 71 and the posts 63 can also be reali ⁇ ed.
- the posts are affixed at their lower ends to a foundation 73.
- this foundation is also dismantable and is formed by a supporting construction consisting of prefabricated stack bearers 75, upon which stack bearers 75 a (preferably steel) profiled foundation beam 77 is fixed, said foundation beam 77 consisting, for example, of a C- profile.
- the foundation beam 77 is also provided with blind holes in order to improve adjustability, through which blind holes the pins 67 protrude, and with which pins the separation elements 65 and the foundation beam 77 are affixed to the posts 63.
- Figure 5b depicts by way of example an embodiment of the frontage construction whereby the posts 63 * rest on a prefabricated concrete beam 77' which i-r placed upon prefabricated stack bearers 75'.
- an edge profile 71' is employed instead of a v/all plate 71.
- Figure 5b additionally shows a clamping plate 68 and a foot plate 68* whereby a possibility for adjustment is created.
- FIG. 6 shows a foundation 79 with a supporting construction consisting of a prefabricated beam 81 to the side of which a foundation beam 83 in the form of a corner profile has been affixed.
- Figure 7 shows another embodiment whereby separate foundation elements 85 are employed, which elements are fixed to each other at their corner points 87 via coupling elements 89. These foundation elements 85 additionally form a floor for a building using this frontage construction. Corner profiles 91 are affixed to the free Sides of these foundation elements 85 and the posts 93 are attached to these pro iles.
- Other foundation constructions such as the fixing of a post via a foot plate or an anchor railing are also possible.
- Figure 8 shows by way of example a further embodiment in cross section of a frontage construction 95 containing building elements 959, a foundation 951 and a ceiling construction 953. Building elements are stacked upon the foundation between non- depicted posts (see igure 5) . This ceiling construction is subseguently applied.
- Figure 9 shows by way of example in more detail an embodiment 951 of the foundation of figure 8.
- the foundation is consist of (prefabricated) foundation stack bearers 110. Galvanised steel filling plates 111 are placed upon the foundation stack bearers, which plates ensure accurate termination.
- a (pref bricated) concrete plate 105 is applied on top of the foundation beams, upon which plate the building elements 959 are placed.
- the building elements are provided with a frontispiece wall 102 and a wooden plinth 103. The connection between the frontispiece wall 102 and a deck floor 104 is covered v/ith this wooden plinth.
- the concrete plinth 105 has a number of functions. Because of this concrete plinth, it i ⁇ possible to allow the building elements 959 to commence above ground-level, with the result that these elements remain cleaner. An adjustment-possibility i ⁇ also created in this manner. There is also less chance of damage to the building elements as a result of the use of the concrete plinth at ground level.
- An isolation 107 (for example, in the form of steel wool) is applied to the interior of the concrete plinth 105 and is covered with a finishing foil 106.
- isolated channel plate floor sections are located on the inside of the foundation beams 109.
- Figure 10 depicts an embodiment of a ceiling construction 953 from figure 8.
- the building elements 959 are provided with frontispiece walls 309 at their inner sides.
- the uppermost building element is provided with a frontispiece wall at its inner side, to which wall a lowered ceiling 310 is fixed.
- the ceiling construction itself contains fixation means 307 for the fixation of the ceiling construction to the post, the building elements, the roof beans 306 and a tube 308 to form the overhang.
- Roof plates 305 are fixed to the roof beams. Subsequently, an isolation layer 304 is applied on top of this, which layer is covered in turn with roof coverage 303.
- the roof is further provided v/ith a roof trim and a side- board 302.
- Figure lla depicts a corner construction 955 for application in a frontage construction (lor example, that of figure 8) .
- a corner module 504 connects two building elements 959.
- the corner module is provided with isolation 506 and a foil 505 for covering the foil.
- tubes 503 and plates 502 (of, for example, multiplex) , the building elements are interconnected via the corner construction.
- the building elements in turn can be provided with frontispiece walls 508, which walls can be employed in the frontage construction in accordance with the invention for purposes of interconnecting support beams for the building of several storeys, etc.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69432716T DE69432716D1 (de) | 1993-12-23 | 1994-12-22 | Fassadenkonstruktion und mit einer solchen versehenes gebäude sowie in einer solchen fassadenkonstruktion anwendbares bauelement |
AU12842/95A AU1284295A (en) | 1993-12-23 | 1994-12-22 | Frontage construction and building equipped with the frontage construction, and building element applicable in the frontage construction |
EP95904036A EP0796378B1 (fr) | 1993-12-23 | 1994-12-22 | Structure de fa ade, immeuble equipe de cette structure de fa ade, et element de construction trouvant application dans cette structure de fa ade |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL9302246A NL9302246A (nl) | 1993-12-23 | 1993-12-23 | Gevelconstructie, alsmede gebouw voorzien van de gevelconstructie en bouwelement toepasbaar in de gevelconstructie. |
NL9302246 | 1993-12-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995017562A1 true WO1995017562A1 (fr) | 1995-06-29 |
Family
ID=19863304
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NL1994/000325 WO1995017562A1 (fr) | 1993-12-23 | 1994-12-22 | Structure de façade, immeuble equipe de cette structure de façade, et element de construction trouvant application dans cette structure de façade |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0796378B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU1284295A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69432716D1 (fr) |
NL (1) | NL9302246A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1995017562A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006011818A1 (fr) * | 2004-07-27 | 2006-02-02 | Longsdale, Craig, Wallace | Systeme de construction |
WO2006116823A1 (fr) * | 2005-05-04 | 2006-11-09 | Easybuild Australia Pty Ltd | Panneau mural, procede de construction et son systeme de fixation |
WO2008109917A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-18 | D & L Rugari Transport Pty Ltd | Structure de paroi |
AU2006243830B2 (en) * | 2005-05-04 | 2011-11-03 | Easybuild Australia Pty Ltd | A wall panel, method of construction and attachment system therefor |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2537629A2 (fr) * | 1982-05-12 | 1984-06-15 | Iotti Construction Monitoring | Procede de fabrication d'elements de cloisons pour batiments |
FR2601711A1 (fr) * | 1986-07-17 | 1988-01-22 | Roland Lapoudge | Panneaux universels de conception modulaire |
WO1992001124A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-03 | 1992-01-23 | Rewa Budel B.V. | Systeme d'elements de mur |
-
1993
- 1993-12-23 NL NL9302246A patent/NL9302246A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1994
- 1994-12-22 AU AU12842/95A patent/AU1284295A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-12-22 WO PCT/NL1994/000325 patent/WO1995017562A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1994-12-22 EP EP95904036A patent/EP0796378B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-22 DE DE69432716T patent/DE69432716D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2537629A2 (fr) * | 1982-05-12 | 1984-06-15 | Iotti Construction Monitoring | Procede de fabrication d'elements de cloisons pour batiments |
FR2601711A1 (fr) * | 1986-07-17 | 1988-01-22 | Roland Lapoudge | Panneaux universels de conception modulaire |
WO1992001124A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-03 | 1992-01-23 | Rewa Budel B.V. | Systeme d'elements de mur |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006011818A1 (fr) * | 2004-07-27 | 2006-02-02 | Longsdale, Craig, Wallace | Systeme de construction |
WO2006116823A1 (fr) * | 2005-05-04 | 2006-11-09 | Easybuild Australia Pty Ltd | Panneau mural, procede de construction et son systeme de fixation |
AU2006243830B2 (en) * | 2005-05-04 | 2011-11-03 | Easybuild Australia Pty Ltd | A wall panel, method of construction and attachment system therefor |
WO2008109917A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-18 | D & L Rugari Transport Pty Ltd | Structure de paroi |
AU2008226377B2 (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2012-08-16 | D & L Rugari Transport Pty Ltd | Wall structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0796378B1 (fr) | 2003-05-21 |
DE69432716D1 (de) | 2003-06-26 |
AU1284295A (en) | 1995-07-10 |
NL9302246A (nl) | 1995-07-17 |
EP0796378A1 (fr) | 1997-09-24 |
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