WO1995007807A2 - Procedes et compositions applicables a la tache coloree de l'aubier, a la degradation du bois et aux parasites affectant le bois - Google Patents

Procedes et compositions applicables a la tache coloree de l'aubier, a la degradation du bois et aux parasites affectant le bois Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995007807A2
WO1995007807A2 PCT/NZ1994/000095 NZ9400095W WO9507807A2 WO 1995007807 A2 WO1995007807 A2 WO 1995007807A2 NZ 9400095 W NZ9400095 W NZ 9400095W WO 9507807 A2 WO9507807 A2 WO 9507807A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wood
composition
teφineol
timber
sapstain
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PCT/NZ1994/000095
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English (en)
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WO1995007807A3 (fr
Inventor
Robert Anthony Hill
Battagodage Hemantha Rohitha
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The Horticulture And Food Research Institute Of New Zealand Limited
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Application filed by The Horticulture And Food Research Institute Of New Zealand Limited filed Critical The Horticulture And Food Research Institute Of New Zealand Limited
Priority to AU76674/94A priority Critical patent/AU7667494A/en
Publication of WO1995007807A2 publication Critical patent/WO1995007807A2/fr
Publication of WO1995007807A3 publication Critical patent/WO1995007807A3/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/38—Aromatic compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to problems commonly included under the general terms sapstain, and wood degradation, including degradation by both plant and animal life.
  • the present invention discusses methods and compositions based on a group of active compounds, many of which are also naturally occurring, for addressing at least one of the problems of sapstain, wood degradation, and pest infestation or attack. Preventative and curative aspects are also considered. BACKGROUND ART
  • Timber, wood, and cellulose fibre based products are used extensively throughout the world. In many instances they are used where a long life is expected, such as for building and construction materials. However many of these materials may be affected or degraded by a range of problems including sapstain, fungal degradation, and/or pest infestation or attack.
  • Sapstain is a discolouring disorder affecting many materials but most prevalently timber. Sapstain is a general term used in the industry and generally refers to the effects of any one or more of a range of organisms which produce discoloration. Over 1150 fungal species from 269 genera are known (with at least another 66 genera being known which comprise unidentified species) which can result in sapstain problems in timber. However, only a relative few of these are responsible for the majority of sapstain problems. In New Zealand, it is Ceratocystis picea which is responsible for the majority of sapstain problems. Other prevalent species include Ceratocystis sp... Diplodea pinea. Leptographium sp.. Graphium sp.. Alternaria tenuis.
  • Ceratocystis complex which includes the genera Ceratocystiopis, Ceratocystis, Ophiostoma and Sphaer ⁇ namella.
  • Ceratocystis anamorph genera which include: Chalara, Graphium, Hyalorhinocladiella, Knoxdaviesia, Leprographium, Phialo graphium and Sporothix.
  • Ceratocystis anamorph genera which include: Chalara, Graphium, Hyalorhinocladiella, Knoxdaviesia, Leprographium, Phialo graphium and Sporothix.
  • Other important sapstain genera include: Alternia, Aurebasidium, Botryodiplodia, Cladosporium, Diplodia and Phialophora.
  • sapstain The problems arising from sapstain are primarily cosmetic and due to the unwelcome pigmentation resulting from the growth of a fungus, which in most cases establishes itself in and follows the parenchyma of woody material. As many timbers are valuable for their grain and appearance, sapstain can enormously devalue such timbers. Some international markets will not accept timber with any visible signs of sapstain, despite
  • sapstain not usually affecting the structural integrity of the timber.
  • sapstain can lead to infection by other structurally damaging disorders by wood degraders such as white wood rot, Peniophora gigantea (the greatest problem in New Zealand), Corticum sp.. and Schizophyllum commune.
  • Wood degraders of concern include: Corticum sp., Ordontia bicolor, Peniophora gigantea (most important species), Polyporus volvatus, Poria vaillantii, Trametes cinnabarina (Co ⁇ olus sanguineus), Trametes serialis, Trechispora brinkmanni, Trechispora raduloides; and the soft rot fungi: Bisaporomyces sp., Cephalosporium sp., Chaetomium globosum, Coniothy ⁇ um sp., Helicomyces sp., Helicosporium aureum, Coriolus versicolor, Formes, Heterobasidion annosum, Lentinus lepideus, Lenzites, Peniophora, Phellinus weudi, Polyporus, Poria.
  • a further major area in which sapstain may occur is in rough sawn timber which has not been chemically treated and may be stacked on an outside site in a timber yard for a considerable period of time.
  • rough sawn timber is the most vulnerable.
  • most timber yards, as well as areas in which wood is stored, processed or transported through, have relatively high levels of spores of the various fungi responsible for many sapstains.
  • Wood degradation due to wood degrading fungi is another problem of the timber industry. While many organisms responsible for sapstain are not responsible for wood degradation, some are. Other organisms, such as many fungi, may predominantly affect the structural integrity of wood and are commonly referred to as wood degraders. These organisms raise more than cosmetic problems - the integrity of the timber itself is compromised and may infect other timber with which it comes in contact or proximity. Wood degraders of concern include The prior art has attempted to address the problems of sapstain and wood degradation by the application of a chemically based fungicidal cocktail. This is generally applied to timber by immersion (only practicable for batches of rough sawn timber - the average tree trunk is too large for most dipping vats) or by spray application.
  • Pest infestation is another concern of the industry. Some preservative agents effective against fungi are also effective at preventing pest and insect infestation. However, while a wide range of chemicals are used as pesticides, they do not usually exhibit antifungal properties. Most modern insecticides are synthetically manufactured and usually specific in their action. Quite often they have been used to the extent that many targeted pest species have developed a resistance. This has required the continual development of new pesticides to keep pace with any inbred immunity in targeted pest populations. This, in combination with high toxicity of many pesticides to other animal life, has lead to speculation that maybe nature has succeeded where science has not — many natural pesticides and pest repelling agents are still effective in their roles in nature and are often a plants main protection against certain types of infestation.
  • a method for addressing at least one of wood degradation, sapstain and pests, in wood or wood based materials comprising the incorporation or application to the wood or wood based material of a composition comprising at least one member of a group of active substances comprising: - terpene derivatives such as derivable by the chemical- or bio- technology processing of ⁇ - and ⁇ - pinene; ⁇ - unsaturated aldehydes and ketones; disubstituted mono-phenols, and mono-substituted diphenols of the general formula shown in Formula 1.
  • a method for conferring medium to long-term protection to wood and wood-based materials against at least one of pests and organisms responsible for either or both sapstain and wood degradation comprising the impregnation into said timber or timber-based material of at least one member of a group of active substances comprising: terpene derivatives such as derivable by the chemical- or bio- technology processing of ⁇ - and ⁇ - pinene; ⁇ - unsaturated aldehydes and ketones; disubstituted mono-phenols, and mono-substituted diphenols of the general formula shown in Formula 1.
  • R j alkyl, aryl, alkoxy
  • R j alkyl, alkenyl
  • a method of conferring short to medium term control of at least one pest, sapstain and/or wood degrading organism in freshly felled or milled timber comprising the surface application to at least freshly exposed faces of a composition comprising at least one member of a group of active substances comprising: terpene derivatives such as derivable by the chemical- or bio- technology processing of ⁇ - and ⁇ - pinene; ⁇ - unsaturated aldehydes and ketones; - disubstituted mono-phenols, and mono-substituted diphenols of the general formula shown in Formula 1.
  • a method for addressing at least one of wood degradation, sapstain and pests, in wood comprising the administration to the wood of at least one substance occurring naturally within timber of the genus, said substance(s) being members of a group of active substances comprising: terpene derivatives such as derivable by the chemical- or bio- technology processing of ⁇ - and ⁇ - pinene; ⁇ - unsaturated aldehydes and ketones; disubstituted mono-phenols, and mono-substituted diphenols of the general formula shown in Formula 1.
  • a method of treating cutting and pruning wounds on trees and plants comprising the application of a composition comprising at least one member of a group of active substances comprising: terpene derivatives such as derivable by the chemical- or bio- technology processing of ⁇ - and ⁇ - pinene; ⁇ - unsaturated aldehydes and ketones; disubstituted mono-phenols, and mono-substituted diphenols of the general formula shown in Formula 1.
  • compositions for addressing at least one of wood degradation, sapstain and pests in wood and wood- based products comprising at least one member of a group of active substances comprising: terpene derivatives such as derivable by the chemical- or bio- technology processing of ⁇ - and ⁇ - pinene; - ⁇ - unsaturated aldehydes and ketones; disubstituted mono-phenols, and mono-substituted diphenols of the general formula shown in Formula 1.
  • a composition substantially as described above, in which a chosen active substance comprises at least one of ⁇ -te ⁇ ineol, ⁇ -terpineol acetate, linalool, citral, geranial, neral, geraniol, citronellol, citronellal, and hydroxy-citronellal, furfural, ionone, pine oil, and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil.
  • a chosen active substance comprises at least one of ⁇ -te ⁇ ineol, ⁇ -terpineol acetate, linalool, citral, geranial, neral, geraniol, citronellol, citronellal, and hydroxy-citronellal, furfural, ionone, pine oil, and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil.
  • composition substantially as described above, in which the chosen members are naturally occurring within, or a derivative of substances naturally occurring within, the timber being, or present within the material being, treated.
  • compositions having an adverse effect upon one or more organisms of a group comprising pests affecting wood and wood-based materials, and sapstain responsible and wood degrading organisms said composition including at least one member of a group of active substances comprising: terpene derivatives such as derivable by the chemical- or bio- technology processing of ⁇ - and ⁇ - pinene; ⁇ - unsaturated aldehydes and ketones; - disubstituted mono-phenols, and mono-substituted diphenols of the general formula shown in Formula 1.
  • compositions for addressing either or both sapstain and wood degradation in timber including at least one member of a group of active substances comprising: te ⁇ ene derivatives derivable by the chemical- or bio- technology processing of ⁇ - and ⁇ - pinene; ⁇ - unsaturated aldehydes and ketones; disubstituted mono-phenols, and mono-substituted diphenols of the general formula shown in Formula 1.
  • compositions for use in coating wounds and cuts in trees and plants capable of forming a protective barrier over the area to which it is applied, and including at least one member of a group of active substances comprising: te ⁇ ene derivatives such as derivable by the chemical- or bio- technology processing of ⁇ - and ⁇ - pinene; - ⁇ - unsaturated aldehydes and ketones; disubstituted mono-phenols, and mono-substituted diphenols of the general formula shown in Formula 1.
  • a preservative composition for wood and wood-based materials comprising at least one member of a group of active substances comprising: terpene derivatives such as derivable by the chemical- or bio- technology processing of ⁇ - and ⁇ - pinene; ⁇ - unsaturated aldehydes and ketones; disubstituted mono-phenols, and mono-substituted diphenols of the general formula shown in Formula 1.
  • te ⁇ ene derivatives such as those derivable by the chemical- or bio- technology processing of ⁇ - and ⁇ - pinene
  • disubstituted mono-phenols and mono-substituted diphenols of the general formula shown in Formula 1
  • ⁇ - unsaturated aldehydes and ketones are examples of these categories.
  • the active substances are naturally occurring, though the active substances which are used need not be derived from natural sources but may be synthetically prepared.
  • the term 'pest control' where used herein shall generally refer to actions which influence pests within the affected area. Generally this will include repelling pests, as well as causing the death of the pest. It will also include affecting pests by rendering them to a passive state, and effects which minimise their population or reproduction. In the context of the present invention, pest control will generally be predominantly concerned with either directly or indirectly minimising pest damage to targeted areas.
  • pests will generally refer to animals, rather than plants.
  • Local pests such as insects manifesting themselves in timber and mill sites have been a subject of preliminary trials on woods samples. However it is envisaged that the results may be extrapolated to apply other pests of interest in agriculture, horticulture and many other fields.
  • pest will refer to arthropods affecting wood, timber and wood- based products.
  • pests will comprise a member of one of the classes of insects, (including Hymenoptera and Coleoptera), and arachnids though the term pest will also include non-arthropods such as worms and molluscs affecting wood and timber etc.
  • 'wood' shall generally include woods, woody materials, timber, and logs etc. within its definition.
  • 'Wood based materials' will generally comprise materials manufactured from 'wood' and shall generally include most 'cellulose fibre based materials' comprise materials manufactured from, or containing, 'wood' and/or other non-woody plant materials (usually including or based on the fibres). In many instances the materials will be those intended for use in the building, construction and related industries.
  • the first category comprises te ⁇ ene derivatives which are generally those derivable by the chemical- or bio- technology processing of ⁇ - and ⁇ - pinene. In most cases these te ⁇ enes and their derivatives are naturally occurring though in many cases may be obtained by chemical- and bio-technology processes on ⁇ - or ⁇ -pinene including those shown in Formulae 2: ⁇ -terpineol (5), ⁇ -terpineol acetate (6), linalool (7), citral (geranial (8) + neral (9)), geraniol (10), citronellol (11), citronellal (12) and hydroxy- • citronellal (13).
  • Formulae 2 is not an exhaustive list of all the preferred te ⁇ enoid compounds, and that the designated te ⁇ enoid group will include other monote ⁇ enoids, including: te ⁇ inen-4- ol, pulegol, isopulegol, ⁇ -terpineol, ⁇ -terpineol, ⁇ -terpineol, nerol, geraniol, and citronellol.
  • a range of compositions may be prepared for use in the application of the preferred te ⁇ enoid compounds (i.e. members of the designated terpenoid group).
  • Pine oil depending on its source and method of extraction, is typically high in te ⁇ ineol and other te ⁇ ene compounds.
  • a composition according to the present invention may therefore comprise solely pine oil, or a dilution thereof. Tests have indicated that while pine oil may be diluted with other solvents or carriers, a composition with a concentration of 25% pine oil or greater is most preferred for many of the application methods. In the tests the pine oil was manufactured by Eka-Nobel NZ Limited at Mount Maunganui, New Zealand. PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
  • the second category comprises a group of phenolic compounds with typical compositions comprising at least one member of a designated phenolic group. In most cases these phenolics and their derivatives are naturally occurring though may be synthetically derived. Typically the preferred phenolic compounds comprise members of a designated phenolic group comprising:
  • Phenolics of the following general structure either singly or as major components in mixtures of natural or synthetic origin.
  • Rj alkyl, aryl, alkoxy
  • R 3 alkyl, aryl, alkoxy e.g. thymol (I), carvracol (2) and related ortho, meta disubstituted phenols - refer Formulae 6
  • Phenolics of the following general structure either singly or as major components in mixtures of natural or synthetic origin
  • R 3 OH e.g. 4-ethyl resorcinol (3) and related diphenols - refer Formulae 6
  • Phenolics of the following general structure either singly or as major components in mixtures of natural or synthetic origin
  • R j alkyl, alkenyl
  • R 2 CH 3
  • R 3 OH e.g. eugenol (4) - refer Formulae 6
  • compositions may be prepared for use in the application of a preferred phenolic compound (i.e. members of the designated phenolic group).
  • Thyme oil depending on its source and method of extraction, is typically high in thymol, a phenolic compound.
  • a composition according to the present invention may therefore comprise solely thyme oil, or a dilution thereof. Tests have indicated that while thyme oil may be diluted with other solvents or carriers, a composition with a concentration of 25% thyme oil or greater is preferred for many of the application methods.
  • ⁇ -UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES AND KETONES are preferred for many of the application methods.
  • the third category comprises ⁇ -unsaturated aldehydes and ketones.
  • the preferred aldehydes and ketones are naturally occurring, and may be derived from natural products though may also be synthetically derived.
  • Non-naturally occurring ⁇ - unsaturated aldehydes and ketones may also be considered - it is the ⁇ -unsaturation which distinguishes active aldehydes and ketones from the lesser or non-active compounds.
  • Some specific examples of preferred ⁇ -unsaturated aldehydes and ketones include geranial (8), neral (9) and furfural (14) - refer Formulae 7.
  • the preferred group also includes other predominantly naturally occurring ⁇ -unsaturated aldehydes and ketones including: pulegone, isopulegone, carrone, piperitenone, verbenone, ionone, myrtenal, perillaldehyde, and piperitone.
  • compositions may be prepared for use in the application of the preferred ⁇ - unsaturated aldehyde and ketone compounds (i.e. members of the designated aldehyde and ketone group). Preliminary trials have indicated that a composition with a concentration of 25% active substance or greater is preferred for many of the application methods.
  • the compounds may be used to treat materials already contaminated with either or both sapstain or wood degrading fungus and halt its further spread or growth.
  • the use of the compounds on pest infested wood may also be performed.
  • the use of conventional insecticides to assist in the immediate control and eradication of existing populations may be performed. Further, some preliminary trials have indicated that in some cases the use of some compositions of the invention may reverse some of the visible effects attributable to some sapstain organisms.
  • Active compounds which are used may be naturally present in the wood or wood product to which they are applied. This is the preference as possible staining or incompatibility problems are minimised.
  • an active compound found naturally in a wood an example is where a second different compound is used to protect the wood against a broader range of fungi and/or pests. While active compounds are not naturally occurring in the wood in question are relied upon, compatibility problems could be minimised if the compounds occur in related timbers, or if the active compounds are similar or related to naturally occurring compounds in the wood or its related timbers.
  • any composition, according to the present invention for addressing at least one of sapstain, wood-degradation, and pests in the short to medium term will comprise at least 0.01%, and more preferably 0.5%, by weight (in total) or greater of one or more members of the group of active substances.
  • higher concentrations (by weight) will generally provide a longer lasting effect.
  • Wet or hard timbers may resist any impregnation of the active compounds so that higher concentrations may be sometimes desirable to ensure adequate wetting of, and impregnation into, exposed surfaces.
  • compositions comprising at least one chosen active substance will form a base for many of the methods of use possible for the present invention.
  • a composition may, for instance, comprise up to 100% of a substantially pure compound.
  • the composition may be an extract such as pine oil which is rich in terpenes (such as the various terpineols). Consequently, impure extracts and solutions of chosen active substances will often be used in the preparation of compositions.
  • a preservative (medium to long term) composition will comprise at least 5% by weight in total of chosen active substances and more preferably 25% or greater. This is generally higher than for short term protection, which is mainly directed against, organisms responsible for sapstain (wood degradation is often a much longer term process; pest control is both a short and long term process).
  • the proportion of chosen active substances in a composition will depend upon a number of factors. One factor is a method of administration of the composition. For instance, application by the immersion of a targeted article may be amenable to lower concentrations (even less than 5%) of a chosen active substance as a greater volume of composition is generally absorbed by the article. Pressure and/or vacuum systems and other forced impregnation techniques may also suffice with lower concentrations of active components, or solvents.
  • compositions which are to be applied by spray application concentrations (of active components) of 25% or greater (by weight and in total) are generally preferred.
  • concentrations (of active components) of 25% or greater are generally preferred.
  • concentrations of the preferred active compounds as well as the absence or reduction of any solvents or carrier which are likely to depress the volatility of the group members, may be preferred.
  • Volatile carriers and azeotropes which aid distribution of the active compounds and may be included.
  • compositions will include a suitable carrier or diluent.
  • the carriers/diluents may be non-aqueous (though may be miscible with water) organic solvents in which the chosen active substances are fully miscible, or at least miscible at the concentrations being used.
  • the use of crude and hydrated turpentines may be considered. These may already include proportions of active components (according to their method of manufacture), though often the levels may need to be enhanced or other active components included to address possible resistance to individual substances.
  • Other solvents such as used in the paint industry, may also be considered. The flammability of many organic solvents may preclude or restrict their use in certain compositions or methods of application.
  • organic solvents may sometimes be preferable over water as the main diluent or carrier as it may not be desirable for timber to be subsequently kiln dried to remove excess moisture.
  • water may be used as a suitable carrier or diluent for many compositions.
  • Initial trials used an emulsion of a te ⁇ ene compound with water though a small amount of wetting agent was included. Again the presence of water in the spray emulsion did not appear to substantially inhibit the abso ⁇ tion of a sufficient amount of a te ⁇ ene compound to inhibit subsequent fungal growth or its establishment.
  • That water may be used as a diluent carrier may also be of advantage as it is generally plentifully available in remote logging sites and does not require the use of flammable or expensive
  • the chosen active substance(s) may be in a separate phase, or emulsion with the water.
  • a solvent miscible both with water and the chosen active substances may be used to produce a substantially homogenous phase. This may be advantageous if it accelerates the impregnation of an article with composition. However this will partially depend on the nature of the article. Where the article is wet (e.g. wet timber), compositions which allow some miscibility between chosen active substance and water may be useful if it accelerates transport of the chosen active substances into the timber or material.
  • additives may also be inco ⁇ orated into the composition.
  • Commonly envisaged additives are wetting agents to promote the impregnation of a composition.
  • Other possible additives include fungicidal, insecticidal or other common additives and treatments, to augment the preservative treatment. Compatibility of the chosen active substances with any additives should also be considered before use.
  • compositions As can be appreciated, a wide range of concentrations and compositions are available and the exact formulation of a composition will depend upon the manner in which the composition is to be applied, as well as the nature of the article to which it is to be applied (porous/non-porous, wet/dry, end grain or not, etc.).
  • compositions of the present invention may be applied in a variety of manners. In most cases it is envisaged that a composition will be applied by spray to the material being protected or treated. In newly felled trees, it is envisaged that an operator equipped with a spray applicator and backpack reservoir will spray exposed timber as soon as possible after tree felling. If a significant period elapses, then repeat application may be required. This may be after several weeks or months, depending upon the conditions, composition and nature of application.
  • the exposed sites on the trunk should also be coated. While in many cases the spray sites on the trunk may be wet, it has been found that most compositions will readily allow the selected active compounds to impregnate into the exposed timber. Presumably this is because many of these compounds, and their related compounds, are already present in the timber and thus there is a natural affinity between the active compounds and the woody material. However this is but one explanation — it has been found in preliminary trials that a wet timber will not normally exclude, although it may slow, impregnation of a typically useful amount of one of at least the preferred te ⁇ ene compounds into the timber. As many forests have a relatively high annual rainfall, and as most newly felled timber is wet, the general relative ease of impregnation may be a significant advantage.
  • Solvents and carriers which are highly mobile within the timber or article could make spray application a viable option for greater penetration though saturation and/or high pressure spraying may also be an option. It is envisaged that in such cases the solvents/carriers will likely be organic, and perhaps volatile, in nature and may be derived or resemble natural products from the wood of the article - for instance tu ⁇ entine which may also be a mineral tu ⁇ entine.
  • a variation of spraying is fumigation where the components are substantially gaseous or vaporised techniques. However this technique is more likely to be used under controlled conditions of a timber yard or chamber than the open areas of a pine forest. Normal methods of fumigation may be used, including methods of increasing the volatility of the preferred te ⁇ enoid compounds (e.g. heating, forming azeotropes etc.).
  • Fumigation techniques may rely on heated air or elevated temperatures to help distribute a mist or vapour of chosen active substances. Such techniques may be ideally combined with heat and forced drying techniques though compatibility with the equipment being used would have to be considered. Potentially explosive fuel/air mixtures is one factor to be considered, and care should be taken to avoid such conditions, or suitable precautionary steps taken.
  • fumigation techniques In order for fumigation techniques to be effective, it is envisaged that an atmosphere saturated or highly impregnated with chosen active substances would need to be created to reduce processing time. As a general rule it is expected that fumigation techniques will be less effective and require greater time than immersion techniques though this may not always be true, depending on the material. Fumigation techniques may be desirable where extensive wetting of an article with solvents and carriers is to be avoided. It may also be useful where an impregnation gradient other than that obtainable by immersion techniques is required. Further, fumigation type techniques may make more efficient use of composition components. The choice is largely up to the end user.
  • fumigation may have advantages over some of the other techniques when it is practicable. For instance, fumigation may ajlow better access to areas relatively inaccessible to spray techniques - one example would be a stack of sawn timber. It may also be less wasteful of active compounds than immersion techniques which may rely on the use of carriers and diluents to reduce the amount of active compound used or absorbed, to an economical level.
  • Immersion techniques may often be used, and the likely solvent would be water (in general preference to more expensive or flammable solvents) due to the high volumes used.
  • immersion techniques may have a tendency to excessively wet the wood; the general preference for timber used in the building industry is for it to be dry. Extensive wetting may require kiln drying or other drying steps before the timber may be used. Organic solvents may avoid this problem, and if recycled could yield an economical process.
  • a pressure/vacuum technique (this may be used in a fumigation (vaporised components) or immersion (liquid components) process) could be used, with a vacuum step removing excess solvents from the wood materials for reuse.
  • Immersion techniques may also take place under elevated temperatures and pressures to accelerate impregnation, and to increase its depth. It is envisaged that, in light of the description given herein, it would be well within the skill of an addressee of the art to construct or use existing apparatus to put these techniques into practice. There is no fixed limit to the pressures and temperatures which may be employed - the main consideration is that the article is not materially damaged or compromised by the process.
  • compositions may be included in manufacturing processes. For instance, it would be relatively simple to include these substances in a pulping or shredding process for wood. This could be useful for reconstituted timber products such as particle and ply boards.
  • Another method of use for the present invention is the application of compositions to materials already infected by sapstain and/or wood degrading organisms. In this role the primary pu ⁇ ose of the composition is to halt further spread of the organism. It will typically also act as a fungicidal agent killing any of the sapstain organisms present in the material. In some cases and where acceptable, a conventional fungicide may be included. Where wood degrading organisms are also present, substances addressing these organisms may be included. For large scale use, immersion, spray and other described techniques may be relied upon. For more localised use, compositions may be painted, sprayed or rubbed on.
  • compositions may also be used to reverse the effects of sapstain organisms, and in some cases visible improvements in reduced staining may be achieved. However, this may not be achievable in every instance and will depend upon many factors including the degree of staining and the material being treated.
  • One modification is to apply a second loss-reducing agent which may reduce leaching or release of the chosen active substance(s). This may be a substance of low volatility, or which repels the chosen active substances. It may also repel moisture. It may also provide a barrier layer.
  • a second loss-reducing agent which may reduce leaching or release of the chosen active substance(s). This may be a substance of low volatility, or which repels the chosen active substances. It may also repel moisture. It may also provide a barrier layer.
  • shellac, varnish, paint or petroleum product typically soluble emulsifiable but resistant to leaching
  • shellacs could be inco ⁇ orated into compositions having suitable solvents.
  • Many epoxy materials are suitable for organic and aqueous based compositions. These may be used to bind or seal components into the timber. Consequently some compositions may resemble a paint or protective finish for wood and other materials and may sometimes be used as a decorative or finish coat.
  • the depth of penetration of these larger compounds will be substantially less than the generally more mobile chosen active substances.
  • conventional preservative and pesticidal agents may be used in cases where an article or material is already exhibiting signs of decay or attack.
  • the additives may address the immediate problems while the chosen active substances provide a longer preservative effect.
  • Figure 1 is a graph of the "RELATIVE GROWTH RATE OF SAPSTAIN FUNGI ON
  • Figure 2 is a graph of the "RELATIVE GROWTH OF SAPSTAIN FUNGI ON WOOD
  • Figure 3 is a graph of the "RELATIVE GROWTH OF SAPSTAIN FUNGI ON WOOD
  • Figure 4 is a graph of the "RELATIVE GROWTH OF SAPSTAIN FUNGI ON WOOD BLOCKS UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS AT 137 DAYS", and
  • Figure 5 is a graph of the "EFFECTS OF VARIOUS TREATMENTS ON SAPSTAIN
  • Figure 6 is a graph of the "EFFECTS OF VARIOUS TREATMENTS ON SAPSTAIN
  • Figure 7 is a graph of the "MEAN VIGOUR OF FOUR FUNGAL COLONIES WITH
  • Figure 8 is a graph of "THE RELATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF FOUR SAPSTAIN FUNGI WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF ⁇ -TERPINEOL AND PINE OIL
  • Figure 9 is a graph of "THE RELATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF FOUR SAPSTAIN FUNGI
  • Figure 10 is a graph of "RESULTS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SAPSTAIN AT MILL SITE A, TRIAL 1 OVER 6 MONTH PERIOD".
  • Figure 1 1 is a graph of "RESULTS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SAPSTAIN AT MILL SITE A, TRIAL 2 OVER 5 MONTH PERIOD".
  • Figure 13 is a graph of "RESULTS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SAPSTAIN AT MILL SITE B, TRIAL 2 OVER 5 MONTH PERIOD".
  • Figure 14 is a table of "SAPSTAIN GROWTH ON VARIOUS ⁇ MBERS TREATED WITH VARYING CONCENTRATIONS OF PINE OIL".
  • Figure 15 is a graph of "RESULTS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SAPSTAIN AT MILL SITE A, OVER A 5 MONTH PERIOD".
  • Figure 16 is a graph of "RESULTS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SAPSTAIN AT MILL SITE B, OVER A 5 MONTH PERIOD".
  • Figure 17 is a graph of "INVERTEBRATES POPULATIONS OBSERVED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS TREATED WITH VARYING COMPOSITIONS”.
  • Figure 18 is a graph of "THE NUMBER OF INVERTEBRATE SPECIES OBSERVED ON EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS TREATED WITH DIFFERENT COMPOSITIONS"
  • Figure 19 is a graph of "INSECT NUMBERS IN TREATMENTS AT MILLSITE”
  • Figure 20 is a graph of "NUMBER OF INSECTICIDES AT MILLSITE TRIALS”
  • Figure 21 is a graph of "SAPSTAIN INHIBITION BY PINE OILS ON WOOD BLOCKS”
  • Figure 22 is a graph of "SAPSTAIN INHIBITION BY PINE OILS ON WOOD CHIPS”
  • Figure 23 is a graph of "SAPSTAIN INHIBITION AT MILL SITE 1, TRIAL 1"
  • Figure 24 is a graph of "SAPSTAIN INHIBITION AT MILL SITE 1 , TRIAL 1 (SPACED BLOCKS"
  • Figure 25 is a graph of "SAPSTAIN INHIBITION AT MILL SITE 2
  • Figure 26 is a graph of "SAPSTAIN INHIBITION AT MILL SITE 1 , TRIAL 2"
  • Figure 27 is a graph of "SAPSTAIN INHIBITION AT MILL SITE 3 , TRIAL 1 "
  • the pine oil had a high percentage of ⁇ -te ⁇ ineol, and was sourced from Eka-Nobel NZ Limited at Mount Maunganui, New Zealand.
  • the emulsions included 0.05% ClTOWETTM, a proprietary wetting agent.
  • a spore emulsion of FK48 fungus (Alternaria sp.) was then sprayed onto the tablets (4.5 ml/tablet) with a hand sprayer. 4 ml of water was added onto filter paper pieces placed on DETMOLDTM packaging SV1000 plastic containers. Wood tablets were placed on bent plastic straws and maintained at 20°C. After 48, 90 and 137 days the sapstain on wood blocks was assessed by 2 independent observers. Relative sapstain levels on all sides of the wood blocks were assessed.
  • Results indicate that the 100% pine oil (with 85% te ⁇ ene alcohols) treatment differed significantly from the control and was still highly effective after 137 days. Pine oil concentrations of less than 25% were not observed to be significantly different from the control inside the containers.
  • Results indicate that the top and bottom surfaces of the wood tablets were the most susceptible (had the highest score), end grain having the next highest score which was significantly different from the top or bottom.
  • Figure 1 shows the relative combined scores of sapstain of the five treatments.
  • the pine oil fractions were supplied by Eka-Nobel NZ Limited in Mount Maunganui. The activity of these fractions was compared with the pine oil (85% te ⁇ ene alcohols) also supplied by the same company. RESULTS
  • Table 3 details the relative inhibition obtained with each chemical working with the four fungal types, FK36, FK48, FK63, FK64.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show the comparative vigour based on the colour of the substrate of the fungal colony observed with pine oil fractions with all four fungi. Results indicated that with all four fungi samples, 85% pine oil was highly effective. There was a definite association of activity with ⁇ -te ⁇ ineol. Both these materials had contact as well as fumigatory activity.
  • Fungus FK36
  • Fungus FK48
  • Fungus FK64
  • I(r) inhibition in a definite ring form
  • the main active components of 80% pine oil against all four sapstain fungi tested were te ⁇ ineols. These compounds are seen to have contact as well as fumigatory activity against all fungi tested.
  • RESULTS Fungal suspensions of FK48 (Alternaria sp.) and FK63 (Ceratocvstis sp.) fungi and fungal blends of FK36 (Ceratocystis sp.) and FK64 (Ceratocystis sp.) were prepared. Smears were prepared with 200 ⁇ l of the solutions spread on PDA. Sterile filter paper moistened with 30 ⁇ l of the following treatments were placed on agar as well as on the petri dish roof. Filter paper discs were glued onto the roof with melted PDA. The plates were incubated at room temperature and assessed in 7 days - refer Table 4.
  • Table 5 indicates the efficacy of various concentrations of pine oil and ⁇ - terpineol. Relative development of fungal colony was assessed on a scale of 0-10 and is presented in Figures 8 and 9. Both ⁇ -te ⁇ ineol and pine oil had contact as well as the fumigant activity. In general both materials were active in the same degree. (Occasionally there were indications for ⁇ -te ⁇ ineol to be slightly more active than pine oil). Activity was seen in concentrations 75% and 100%. In some cases with ⁇ -te ⁇ ineol (FK64) there was inhibition at 50% but 25% was not effective on the agar plates.
  • Example Four compositions, particularly suitable for application methods such as immersion, are detailed as follows:
  • Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%.
  • Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%.
  • compositions (4A,B) will typically be used as is though in some cases may be further diluted. If at least medium term (1-4 weeks) protection is desired, then the total weight percentage of members of the designated te ⁇ enoid group should be at least 5% (for immersion). Where spray or other application is envisaged, then a level of at least 25% for the members of the designated te ⁇ enoid group, should be present.
  • a miscible solvent (which may comprise a number of known solvents) aiding the solubility of the components in water may also be included.
  • the members of the designated te ⁇ enoid group are present in a separate non-aqueous phase, so that they are more likely to be absorbed by a timber material than run-off or leach from the timber, in water or rain.
  • Fungus FK36
  • Fungus FK48
  • Fungus FK64
  • compositions are generally intended for spray or fumigant action though may also be diluted for use. They may also find use for immersion and forced impregnation techniques.
  • Some specific formulations for compositions include:
  • Example 5A Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%:
  • composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%:
  • composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%:
  • compositions are generally suitable for spray application rather than fumigant application (for which Example 5 is generally more suitable).
  • compositions of Example 6 may also be used for immersion application though may be diluted before such use.
  • Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%. 25-75% at least one member of an active group of compounds
  • Example 6B Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%:
  • composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%:
  • a method for the prevention of sapstain comprising the application of an effective amount of at least one member of the group of active substances.
  • the method may also be directed at, or address in addition, wood degradation and pest control.
  • the method of application may comprise the use of a composition including the aforesaid active members, which may include (but not necessarily be restricted to) the use of the compositions described in the examples herein.
  • the method of application may comprise spray application to exposed, and especially non-bark covered, surfaces of timber.
  • Another method which has appeared effective in trials is the use of a pad moistened with a composition and pressed against the cut portion. This may be left against the target area to be absorbed into the timber.
  • Application by immersion is an alternative.
  • Application by fumigation may also be performed though compositions having relatively high amounts of volatile components, and low levels of water (if not completely absent) will typically be used in such instances.
  • the use of elevated temperatures to increase the volatility of components is also a possibility, and fumigation may be combined with any timber drying or processing step.
  • the composition In reconstituted timber and paper products, the composition may be inco ⁇ orated during a processing step.
  • the length of any preventative effect will be determined by the quantity of a member(s) of said group of active substances which is administered to the material.
  • the results of Examples 1 -3 may be used as a general guideline though some minor experimentation may be required to optimise the effect under different conditions.
  • a suitable composition should be applied to exposed surfaces as soon as possible after felling. Delays of up to 7 days may be acceptable in some cases, depending upon the presence of infectious material at the felling site and climatic conditions.
  • a method of treatment for materials already infected with sapstain, wood degrading organisms and/or pest populations comprises the application of an effective amount of at least one member of the group of active substances.
  • the methods of application are those described in respect of Example 7.
  • the amount of compound(s) administered will generally be higher than for preventative methods and will typically be similar to those for long term prevention of sapstain fungi, decay or pest attack.
  • the active components do not appear to be consumed during their fungicidal action and the increased amount is generally due to the fact that in a preventative sense, the active components are merely acting as a barrier to prevent the increase of sapstain or other organisms.
  • Example 7 a rudimentary surface application of a suitable composition may be applied in the manner of Example 7. This may be suitable for instances where control of surface visible sapstain growth may merely need be addressed.
  • a barrier layer over possible infection sites is a method which may be employed on many timbers. This may also include dressed and finished timbers.
  • a barrier layer may only be of up to several mm depth, on average, though timber grain (e.g. the more absorbent end grain) though density may affect the depth of impregnation.
  • a barrier layer suitable for short to medium term protection will comprise the application of up to 0.05g/cm 2 in total of one or more members of the group of active compounds (not including diluents, carriers etc.), this value being an average over the coated surface. More preferably, including for economic reasons, application of 0.002-
  • Tests comparable to example 1 were performed at a timber mill site. The relative results are graphically illustrated in Figures 10 through 13. A key to the samples is in Table 6.
  • composition containing the compounds of Formula 9 W a composition comprising a mixture of diastereoisomeric carveols and allylic alcohols derived from the oxidation of limonene
  • WN NUFILMTM + a composition comprising a mixture of diastereoisomeric carveols and allylic alcohols derived from the oxidation of limonene
  • 2.5B a composition comprising 25% BC 1000TM.
  • B25 a composition comprising 25% BC 1000TM.
  • Tea tree (Malelueca alternifolia) oil used in the trials was sourced from Australia, the typical composition of Australian sourced oils being approximately 30% te ⁇ ine-4-ol and 15% cineol.
  • the lower percentage of te ⁇ enoid compounds is reflected in the generally lesser degree of effectiveness of tea tree oil in the trials. Consequently, where higher levels of activity are required, sources of these te ⁇ enoid compounds other than tea tree oil may be preferred, or the levels of terpenoid compounds in the oil increased.
  • Another method of application is by injection into an article. It is envisaged that this technique will be used more for larger articles such as trunks and portions thereof though may also be used for infected areas.
  • a probe inserted into the timber a pilot hole may be formed first
  • will inject a composition comprising at least one member of group of active compounds. Often this will be under pressure.
  • a liquid will be injected though a gas or vapour under pressure may also be used. This may allow more effective transport of the active components if the timber is damaged or porous due to wood degraders, and pests etc.
  • the timbers chosen for the trial represent a cross-section of commercially important timbers and include: Red Beech Nothofagus fusca
  • PC530, PC540, and PC 550 are as above.
  • PC620 myrcene 74%;
  • PC560 dipentene;
  • PC500 ⁇ -pinene.
  • Tests were performed at a timber mill site in which timber samples were i mpregnated with various compositions. Wood tablets (90mm x 50mm x 18mm) were cut from freshly sawn timber. The tablets were painted with a painter ' s brush with 2.5 ml/block of the following emulsion. The relative results are graphically illustrated in Figures 15 and 16. A key to the samples is in Table 6.
  • Fraxinus excelsior 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
  • Pinus radiata 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
  • compositions for application to wounds and cuts such as from pruning or storm damage, in trees. While most trees are resistant, when healthy, to many of the organisms responsible for sapstain or wood degradation, there is occasionally a use for a protective composition. It is envisaged that most such compositions will comprise a gel, paste, thixotropic, or viscous composition which can be applied to the desired area. Fillers, gelling agents etc. are well known and it is envisaged that the art may be relied upon to provide a composition to the desired consistency inco ⁇ orating one or more active substances.
  • a substance to provide a, typically water resistant, protective barrier may be relied upon.
  • This barrier may be formed through the formation of a skin, and/or toughening or setting of the applied composition.
  • these properties are known - e.g. many paints, adhesives, and coatings into which one or more members of the group of active substances may be included. Many waxy substances, shellacs, epoxies etc. may also find use - see leach retarding substances earlier in the specification. A paste which forms a cap over a wound may be considered.
  • Fraxinus excelsior 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
  • Pinus radiata 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
  • Fraxinus excelsior 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
  • Pinus radiata 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
  • BC 1000TM is a successor to DF 100TM, which is a phytopharmaco comprising a grapefruit seed extract exhibiting antimicrobial and antifungal properties.
  • DF 100TM is available from CHEMIE BRASILIERA IND. E COM. LTDA., of Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil.
  • a method for treating exposed timber susceptible to insect and pest attack by the spray application of a composition comprising at least 257o pine oil or thyme oil or selected active control agents normally present therein.
  • a spray coating over exposed and vulnerable surfaces is applied so as to form a surface barrier layer of timber impregnated with said composition. This may be applied to exposed timber on newly felled, or pruned, trees.
  • articles to be treated which may already support pest infestations, are immersed in a composition comprising at least 0.1% of a selected active agent.
  • the selected active agent may be present in the form of an essential oil, extruded oil plant extract or the like. Often levels of the selected active agents will be at least 0.5-57o with higher concentrations being used in techniques employing short immersion times.
  • Impregnation will typically provide greater impregnation of active ingredients in compositions. Impregnation can be controlled by immersion times and composition concentrations, as well as by other factors. Methods such as described in examples 5-7, 11 and 13 may be relied upon.
  • Insect repellent and controlling properties may also be provided by the introduction of a selected control agent by a fumigation type technique.
  • Standard fumigation techniques may be used though it is also envisaged that techniques performed at elevated temperatures and pressures other than atmospheric may be employed. Reduced atmospheric pressures may increase the volatility of certain compounds, resulting in an increase in their mobility. Conversely, increased pressures
  • 44 may provide for greater impregnation, especially in near saturated atmospheres. Many combined vacuum/pressure techniques are known in the art.
  • a barrier resulting from the administration/application of a selected control agent or suitable composition, to the surface of an article is created.
  • a barrier layer suitable for short to medium term protection or to control many pests present will comprise the application of up to 0.05g/cm 2 in total of one or more members of the designated terpenoid group, and/or group of active agents (not including diluents, carriers etc.), this value being an average over the coated surface. More preferably, including for economic reasons, application of 0.002-0.025 g/cm 2 is applied for a relatively active compound such as the te ⁇ enoids.
  • These figures may also be used as a guide for various other application techniques and methods according to the invention. Values outside of these ranges may be considered and employed.
  • Examples Twenty Three The use of an effective amount of a selected active control agent, or composition containing same, as a pesticide applied to crops or pasture to prevent and/or address pest problems.
  • Typical uses include as a pest repellent and/or pesticide.
  • Example 24A Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 1007c.
  • Example 24B Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 1007o.
  • Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%.
  • Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%. 5-40% at least one member of group of active substances
  • spray or other application is envisaged, then a higher level of active substances, should be present. Typically this will be 40% or greater, though repeat or highly saturated (i.e. thoroughly wetting the article) spray application may make more diluted compositions more practicable.
  • a miscible solvent (which may comprise a number of known solvents) aiding the solubility of the components in water may also be included.
  • chosen active substances are present in a separate non-aqueous phase - see example 25.
  • compositions predominantly contain two solvent phases. They may also include a loss reducing agent which will normally, but not necessarily, be present in a single phase. Loss reducing agents in both phases may also be employed.
  • Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%.
  • Second carrier or solvent which may be water.
  • Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%. 0.5-75% at least one member of group of active substances
  • Second carrier or solvent which may be water. 0.1-25% Loss controlling agent
  • Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%.
  • Second carrier or solvent which may be water.
  • Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%.
  • Second carrier or solvent which may be water.
  • the loss controlling agents may comprise a range of different substances which may act as a barrier to reduce loss of chosen active substances (see also previously within this specification). Higher molecular weight, naturally occurring compounds may be considered. These may be derived from timber or plant matter, but may also be sourced elsewhere.
  • compositions include:
  • Example 26A Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 1007c
  • Example 26B Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 1007c
  • Example 26C Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%.
  • Composition comprising, percentages by weight to a total of 100%.
  • a method for inferring preservative properties to timber and other materials comprising the administration of an effective amount of at least one member of group of active substances.
  • the method of application may comprise the use of a composition comprising at least one member of group of active substances, which may include (but not necessarily be restricted to) the use of the compositions described in the examples herein.
  • Immersion of the article in a bath exceeding 30°C is preferred. Higher temperatures, in excess of 50°C may be used if the integrity of the timber or article is not compromised.
  • the length of any preventative effect will be determined by a number or factors, including the required depth of penetration, the nature of the solvents and composition, and the porosity and density of the timber or article. The guidelines indicated in example 28 may be followed.
  • Example Twenty Eight A fumigant type application method where a saturated or near saturated atmosphere is present. This will generally be sufficient to ensure wetting and penetration into the timber or article.
  • a barrier layer suitable for short to medium term protection will comprise the application of in excess 0.05g/cm 2 in total of chosen active substances (not including diluents, carriers etc.). Typically this value is the average level of preservative agent present on the region comprising from the surface and up to 0.5 mm depth.
  • impregnation depth of at least 5mm, and preferably 10mm or greater would have an impregnation depth of at least 5mm, and preferably 10mm or greater.
  • the impregnation depth being the distance from the surface to the depth where the level of chosen active substances is 2.57o of the value present between the surface and 0.5mm depth.
  • an impregnation depth of at least 5mm will be suitable for most non- hardwood timbers, though 10mm is preferred and for more porous or susceptible timbers, greater depths or near total impregnation may be preferred.
  • Another guide for application is the amount of chosen active substance(s) applied to the surface. This may be a better guide for spray and fumigant type application methods. By way of example, application of in excess of 0.025 g/cm 2 (total chosen active substances) to the surface will be preferred. More preferably, the figure will exceed 0.05 g/cm 2 . These values are for compounds exhibiting activities similar to the terpineols, and may need to be adjusted for compounds have significantly lesser or greater activities.
  • a final guide is to base the amount of chosen active substances on the weight of the article. For most timbers, chosen active substances exceeding 0.03% by weight of the article may be applied. More preferably, this will exceed 0.12% by weight. However it is noted that the surface area, rather than weight, will provide a better guide for calculating quantities required.
  • a method for inferring preservative properties to timber comprising immersing said timber in a bath comprising ⁇ -te ⁇ ineol, thymol, pine oil, and/or oil of thyme. Up to 60% by weight of a miscible solvent may be included.
  • the bath may be reconstituted to replace lost components after each batch.
  • the bath is maintained at 20-50°C and the timber immersed until an impregnation depth of at least 5 mm (or less depending on the thickness of the article) from each exterior surface is achieved. For long term preservation, this impregnation depth may be increased to 10mm or the degree of saturation (by chosen active substances) increased to at least 407o of the surface-0.5mm average value at a depth of 5 mm.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions et des procédés applicables aux problèmes de la tâche colorée de l'aubier, de la dégradation du bois et/ou des parasites rencontrés dans du bois et des matériaux à base de bois. L'invention se base sur l'utilisation d'un groupe de composés actifs que l'on introduit dans du bois ou dans des matériaux à base de bois. L'invention aborde diverses techniques d'introduction de différentes compositions. On peut utiliser différentes combinaisons de techniques de compositions pour conférer une protection à court et à long terme au bois ainsi qu'à des matériaux à base de bois, et dans certains cas on peut les utiliser pour traiter des matériaux déjà affectés par la tâche colorée de l'aubier, la détérioration, et/ou les populations de parasites. Les composés actifs comprennent un ou plusieurs éléments d'un groupe comportant: des dérivés de terpène tels que ceux dérivables par un traitement chimique ou biologique de α- et de β- pinène; des cétones et des aldéhydes β- insaturés; des mono-phénols disubstitués ainsi que des diphénols monosubstitués de la formule générale (I), dans lquelle R1 = alkyle, aryle, alcoxy; R2 = H; R3 = alkyle, aryle, alcoxy; ou: R1 = alkyle, alcényle; R2 = H; R3 = OH; ou R1 = alkyle, alcényle; R2 = CH3; R3 = OH.
PCT/NZ1994/000095 1993-09-16 1994-09-15 Procedes et compositions applicables a la tache coloree de l'aubier, a la degradation du bois et aux parasites affectant le bois WO1995007807A2 (fr)

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AU76674/94A AU7667494A (en) 1993-09-16 1994-09-15 Methods and compositions addressing sapstain, wood degradation, and pests affecting wood

Applications Claiming Priority (12)

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NZ24868893 1993-09-16
NZ24868693 1993-09-16
NZ248689 1993-09-16
NZ24868993 1993-09-16
NZ248687 1993-09-16
NZ24868593 1993-09-16
NZ24868793 1993-09-16
NZ248688 1993-09-16
NZ248685 1993-09-16
NZ248686 1993-09-16
NZ264172 1994-08-04
NZ26417294 1994-08-04

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FR2737084A1 (fr) * 1995-07-24 1997-01-31 Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie Composition pour la protection des plaies de taille des vegetaux
FR2784860A1 (fr) * 1998-10-26 2000-04-28 Action Pin Composition liquide a activite fongicide, bactericide ou bacteriostatique et procedes de preparation et de mise en oeuvre
CN109619110A (zh) * 2018-12-19 2019-04-16 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司 一种含有萜烯类化合物的抗蒸腾剂及其制备方法

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DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 7837, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class A08, AN 78-66181A/37 & JP,A,53 091 123 (KURARAY KK) 10 August 1978 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 8348, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class A12, AN 83-831127/48 & SU,A,228 254 (LENINGRAD FORESTRY ACAD) 18 March 1969 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 8839, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class C04, AN 88-274781/39 & JP,A,63 200 765 (KANEKI NENRYO) 19 August 1988 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 9203, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class C04, AN 92-020198/03 & JP,A,3 268 901 (SANYO KOKUSAKU PULP) 29 November 1991 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 9244, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class C04, AN 92-364261/44 & SU,A,1 701 521 (SOVIET CULTURE FUND CHUVASH SECT) 30 December 1991 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 9404, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class C04, AN 94-028557/04 & JP,A,5 096 513 (KURATA KK) 2 April 1993 *
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 9503, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class C04, AN 95-021080/03 & SE,A,9 401 356 (VALTION TEKNILLINEN TUTKIMUSKESUS) 22 October 1994 *
G.BECKER AND G.THEDEN 'Annual Report on Wood Protection 1961/62' 1971 , SPRINGER-VERLAG , BERLIN * Page 28, Abstract 222 * & Holztechnol., (1961), vol. 2, no. 2, pages 17-21 *
S.BUDAVARI 'The Merck Index, 11th Edition' 1989 , MERCK & CO , RAHWAY, US * Page 403, compounds 2573 to 2575 * *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2737084A1 (fr) * 1995-07-24 1997-01-31 Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie Composition pour la protection des plaies de taille des vegetaux
FR2784860A1 (fr) * 1998-10-26 2000-04-28 Action Pin Composition liquide a activite fongicide, bactericide ou bacteriostatique et procedes de preparation et de mise en oeuvre
WO2000024259A1 (fr) * 1998-10-26 2000-05-04 Action Pin Composition liquide a activite fongicide, bactericide ou bacteriostatique
US6849276B1 (en) 1998-10-26 2005-02-01 Action Pin Liquid composition with fungicide, bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity
CN109619110A (zh) * 2018-12-19 2019-04-16 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司 一种含有萜烯类化合物的抗蒸腾剂及其制备方法

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WO1995007807A3 (fr) 1995-08-03

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