WO1995000117A1 - Low sudsing liquid detergent compositions - Google Patents

Low sudsing liquid detergent compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995000117A1
WO1995000117A1 PCT/US1994/007200 US9407200W WO9500117A1 WO 1995000117 A1 WO1995000117 A1 WO 1995000117A1 US 9407200 W US9407200 W US 9407200W WO 9500117 A1 WO9500117 A1 WO 9500117A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alkyl
liquid detergent
compositions
surfactants
anionic surfactant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1994/007200
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Athanasios Surutzidis
Andrew Albon Fisk
Jean-Pol Boutique
Roger Jeffery Jones
Original Assignee
The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US08/569,067 priority Critical patent/US5858950A/en
Application filed by The Procter & Gamble Company filed Critical The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority to CA002165766A priority patent/CA2165766C/en
Priority to EP94922023A priority patent/EP0706371A1/en
Priority to AU72512/94A priority patent/AU7251294A/en
Priority to JP7503112A priority patent/JPH08512065A/en
Priority to BR9406966A priority patent/BR9406966A/en
Publication of WO1995000117A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995000117A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
    • C11D1/06—Ether- or thioether carboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/37—Mixtures of compounds all of which are anionic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0026—Low foaming or foam regulating compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C11D1/143—Sulfonic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to low sudsing liquid detergent compositions.
  • Anionic surfactant compositions are well known in the art and are desirable components in liquid detergents due to their good cleaning ability, especially with respect to hydrophobic greasy soil removal.
  • anionic surfactants in typical detergent compositions results in high sudsing formulations
  • suds suppressing systems include anti-foam agents such as silicone.
  • anti-foam agents have problems associated with them such as the difficulty to maintain them as a dispersion in liquid compositions.
  • silicone anti-foam agents are difficult to process and are expensive.
  • liquid detergent composition comprising a conventional anionic surfactant in combination with an -branched anionic surfactant.
  • surfactants are easier to formulate due to the increased solubility of the surfactant. Furthermore, said compositions are easier to form as 'concentrated' compositions because of the almost total omission of conventional suds suppressing agents. In addition the compositions are cheaper to formulate.
  • compositions of the present invention are phase stable.
  • Guerbet surfactant refers to branched surfactants derived from 2-alkyl-alkanol.
  • Guerbet surfactants are known in the art.
  • DE 41 11 335 discloses a low sudsing ternary surfactant mixture comprising an alkylglycoside, linear and branched secondary dialkylethersulphates and sulphate and sulphonate anionic surfactants. There is no specific mention of Guerbet anionic surfactants.
  • WO 91/16409 discloses a liquid detergent composition comprising branched primary alkyl sulphates. There is no mention of suds suppressing properties or any specific mention of Guerbet anionic surfactants.
  • the present invention is a liquid detergent composition
  • a liquid detergent composition comprising one or more of an anionic surfactant, characterized in that said anionic surfactant comprises from 1% to 99% by weight of said anionic surfactant of a compound according to the formula:
  • R] is a C3-C22 alkyl group
  • R 2 is a C3-C22 alkyl group
  • m is 2, 3 or 4
  • n is between 0 and 14
  • R3 is a sulphate or a sulphonate. All weights ratios and percentages are given by the weight of the total composition unless otherwise stated.
  • the detergent compositions according to the present invention comprise an anionic surfactant, characterized in that said anionic surfactant comprises from 1 % to 99% by weight of said anionic surfactant of a compound according to the formula:
  • Guerbet anionic surfactant H herein after referred to as Guerbet anionic surfactant.
  • Said Guerbet anionic surfactants are low sudsing due to the -branching.
  • the compositions of the present invention require only a minimum amount of other suds suppressing agents. Said amount as used herein being an amount less than that used in conventional liquid detergents comprising anionic surfactants.
  • Rj is a C3 ⁇ C 22 preferably a 3-C J Q I more preferably a C3 ⁇ C alkyl group.
  • R ] alkyl group may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.
  • R 2 is a C3- C 2 preferably a Cg-C ⁇ more preferably a Cg-C ⁇ alkyl group.
  • Said R 2 alkyl group may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated.
  • n is between 0 and 14, preferably between 0 and 7, more preferably between 0 and 5.
  • R3 is a sulphate or a sulphonate or mixtures thereof.
  • the Guerbet anionic surfactant is typically present at levels from 1 to 70%, preferably from 5 to 50%, more preferably from 5 to 25% by weight of the total detergent composition.
  • compositions may further comprise non Guerbet anionic surfactants.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are selected from the group of sulphates and sulphonates.
  • the like anionic surfactants are well known in the detergent art and have found wide application in commercial detergents.
  • Preferred anionic sulphates and sulphonates have in their molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms. Examples of such preferred anionic surfactants are the reaction products obtained by sulphating Cg-C j g fatty alcohols derived from e.g.
  • alkyl benzene sulphonates wherein the alkyl group contains from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms;sodium alkylglyceryl ether sulphonates; ether sulphates of fatty alcohols derived from tallow and coconut oils; coconut fatty acid monoglyceride sulphates and sulphonates; water soluble salts of paraffin sulphonates having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
  • Sulphonated olefin surfactants as more fully described in e.g. US-A 3 332 880 can also be used.
  • the neutralizing cation for the anionic synthetic sulphonates and/or sulphates is represented by conventional cations which are widely used in detergent technology such as sodium, potassium or alkanolammonium.
  • a suitable anionic synthetic surfactant component herein is represented by the water soluble salts of an alkylbenzene sulphonic acid, preferably sodium alkylbenzene sulphonates, preferably sodium alkylbenzene sulphonates having from about 10 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
  • Alkyl alkoxylated sulphate surfactants are water soluble salts or acids of the formula RO(A) m SO3M wherein R is an unsubstituted C ⁇ o-C 2 4 alkyl or hydroxylalkyl group having a C ⁇ o-C 2 4 alkyl component, preferably a C ⁇ - Cjg alkyl or hydroxylalkyl, A is an ethoxy or propoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between about 0.5 and about 6, more preferably between about 0.5 and 3, and M is H or a cation which can be for example a metal cation (e.g.
  • alkyl ethoxylated sulphates as well as alkyl propoxylated sulphates are contemplated herein.
  • substituted ammonium cations include methyl-, dimethyl, trimethyl-ammonium cations and those derived from alkanolamines, eg.
  • Exemplary surfactants are Cj 2 -C ⁇ alkyl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulphate (C ⁇ 2 - C ⁇ gE(l.O)M), C 12 -C 18 alkyl polyethoxylate (2.25) sulphate (C 12 -C 18 E(2.25)M), C12-C18 alkyl polyethoxylate (3.0) sulphate (C ⁇ 2 -C ⁇ gE(3.0)M), C 12-C 18 alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0) sulphate (C ⁇ 2 -C ⁇ gE(4.0)M), wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and potassium.
  • alkyl ester sulphonate Another type of anionic surfactant suitable for use herein are alkyl ester sulphonate, which can be synthesized according to known methods disclosed in the technical literature. For instance, linear esters of Cg-C 2 o carboxylic acids can be sulphonated with gaseous SO3 according to "The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society", 52 (1975), pp. 323-329. Suitable starting materials would include natural fatty substances as derived from tallow, palm and coconut oils.
  • the preferred alkyl ester sulphonate comprise alkyl ester sulphonates of the structural formula
  • R4 is a Cg-C 2 ⁇ hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or combination thereof.
  • R5 is a Cj-Cg hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or combination thereof and M is a soluble salt forming cation.
  • Suitable salts include metal salts such as sodium, potassium and lithium salts and substituted or unsubstituted ammonium salts, such as methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl and dimethyl piperdinium and cations derived from alkanolamines, e.g. monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine
  • R4 is Cio-Cjg alkyl and R5 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.
  • Especially preferred are the methyl ester sulphonates wherein R4 is C j 4-C ] 6 a ikyi
  • the non-Guerbet anionics are present at levels from 1% to 40%, preferably from 3% to 20%, by weight of the total detergent composition.
  • the rest of the liquid detergent composition according to the present invention is made of conventional detergency ingredients, i.e. water, surfactants, builders and others.
  • the liquid detergent compositions herein may additionally comprise as an optional ingredient from 1% to 50%, preferably from 5% to 25% of an organic surface-active agent selected from nonionic, cationic and zwitterionic surface active agents and mixtures thereof.
  • the nonionic surfactants suitable for use herein include those produced by condensing ethylene oxide with a hydrocarbon having a reactive hydrogen atom, e.g., a hydroxyl, carboxyl, or amido group, in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst, and include compounds having the general formula RA(CH 2 CH 2 O) n H wherein R represents the hydrophobic moiety, A represents the group carrying the reactive hydrogen atom and n represents the average number of ethylene oxide moieties.
  • R typically contains from about 8 to 22 carbon atoms They can also be formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with a lower molecular weight compound, n usually varies from about 2 to about 24.
  • a preferred class of nonionic ethoxylates is represented by the condensation product of a fatty alcohol having from 12 to 15 carbon atoms and from about 4 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole or fatty alcohol.
  • Suitable species of this class of ethoxylates include: the condensation product of Cj -Ci5 oxo-alcohols and 3 to 9 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol; the condensation product or narrow cut Ci4-Cj5 oxo-alcohols and 3 to 9 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty(oxo)alcohol; the condensation product of a narrow cut j -C i3 fatty(oxo)alcohol and 6,5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol; and the condensation products of a C10-C14 coconut fatty alcohol with a degree of ethoxylation (moles EO/mole fatty alcohol) in the range from 4 to 8.
  • the fatty oxo alcohols while mainly linear can have, depending upon the processing conditions and raw material olefins, a certain degree of branching, particularly short chain such as methyl branching.
  • a degree of branching in the range from 15% to 50% (weight%) is frequently found in commercial oxo alcohols.
  • compositions according to the present invention contain from 0% to 30% preferably from 0% to 10% of nonionic surfactants.
  • Suitable cationic surfactants for use herein include quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula R1R2R3R4N " where R],R 2 and R3 are methyl groups, and R4 is a Ci2-15 alkyl group, or where K ⁇ is an ethyl or hydroxy ethyl group, R 2 and R3 are methyl groups and R4 is a C ⁇ 2 -15 alkyl group.
  • the compositions according to the present invention contain from 0% to 20% of cationic surfactants.
  • Suitable zwitterionic surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulphonium compounds in which the aliphatic moiety can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms and another substituent contains, at least, an anionic water-solubilizing group.
  • Particularly preferred zwitterionic materials are the ethoxvlated ammonium sulphonates and sulfates disclosed in U.S.
  • compositions according to the present invention contain from 0% to 20% of zwitterionic surfactants.
  • Semi-polar nonionic surfactants include water-soluble amine oxides containing one alkyl or hydroxy alkyl moiety of from about 8 to about 28 carbon atoms and two moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxy alkyl groups, containing from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms which can optionally be joined into ring structures.
  • nonionic surfactants are poly hydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants of the formula
  • R ⁇ is H, or R* is C 1.4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyi or a mixture thereof
  • R 2 is C5.31 hydrocarbyl
  • Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof.
  • R ⁇ is methyl
  • R 2 is a straight C ⁇ ⁇ _ ⁇ alkyl or alkenyl chain such as coconut alkyl or mixtures thereof
  • Z is derived from a reducing sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, in a reductive amination reaction.
  • compositions according to the present invention may further comprise a builder system.
  • a builder system Any conventional builder system is suitable for use herein including polycarboxylates and fatty acids, materials such as ethylenediamine tetraacetate, metal ion sequestrants such as aminopolyphosphonates, particularly ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid and diethylene triamine pentamethylenephosphonic acid.
  • phosphate builders can also be used herein.
  • Suitable polycarboxylates builders for use herein include citric acid, preferably in the form of a water-soluble salt, derivatives of succinic acid of the formula R_CH(COOH)CH2(COOH) wherein R is C 10 .
  • R can be substituted with hydroxyl, sulpho sulphoxyl or sulphone substituents.
  • Specific examples include lauryl succinate, myristyl succinate, palmityl succinate, 2-dodecenylsuccinate, 2-tetradecenyl succinate.
  • Succinate builders are preferably used in the form of their water-soluble salts, including sodium, potassium ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.
  • polycarboxylates are oxodisuccinates and mixtures of tartrate monosuccinic and tartrate disuccinic acid such as described in US 4,663,071
  • Suitable fatty acid builders for use herein are saturated or unsaturated C jo- 18 fatty acids, as well as the corresponding soaps.
  • Preferred saturated species have from 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
  • the preferred unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid.
  • a preferred builder system for use herein consists of a mixture of citric acid, fatty acids and succinic acid derivatives described herein above.
  • the builder system according to the present invention preferably represents from 0% to 30%, preferably from 5% to 25% by weight of the total composition.
  • compositions according to the invention preferably comprise enzymes. Suitable enzymes for use herein are protease, lipases, cellulases and amylases and mixtures thereof.
  • the compositions according to the present invention may also comprise an enzyme stabilizing system. Any conventional enzyme stabilizing system is suitable for use herein, and preferred enzyme stabilizing systems are based on boric acid or derivatives thereof, 1,2-propanediol, carboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof.
  • the compositions according to the present invention contain from 0% to 15%, more preferably from 0% to 5% of enzymes.
  • compositions herein can contain a series of further, optional ingredients.
  • the like additives include solvents, alkanolamines, pH adjusting agents, suds suppressing agents such as silicones and 2-alkyl-alkanol, opacifiers, agents to improve the machine compatibility in relation to enamel-coated surfaces, perfumes, dyes, bactericides, brighteners, soil release agents, softening agents and the like.
  • the compositions according to the present invention can be formulated as conventional liquid detergent compositions or, as an alternative as so-called "concentrated” liquid detergent compositions, i.e. liquid detergent compositions comprising less than 30% by weight of water.
  • compositions of the invention are of particular utility in machine washing processes, most especially when formulated as heavy duty liquid laundry detergent compositions, they may also be usefully be employed in other washing processes where suds control is of importance.
  • the compositions of the invention may be usefully be formulated as machine dishwashing compositions, especially granular machine dishwashing compositions.
  • compositions are made by combining the following ingredients in the listed proportions.

Abstract

The present invention is a liquid detergent composition comprising a branched anionic surfactant. The compositions according to the present invention are low sudsing and have improved hydrophobic greasy soil removal performance.

Description

LOW SUDSING LIQUID DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS
Technical Field
The present invention relates to low sudsing liquid detergent compositions.
Background of the Invention
Anionic surfactant compositions are well known in the art and are desirable components in liquid detergents due to their good cleaning ability, especially with respect to hydrophobic greasy soil removal. However, the incorporation of anionic surfactants in typical detergent compositions results in high sudsing formulations
A number of systems have been described in the art for use in detergent compositions in order to counter act the sudsing ability of the surfactants. Such suds suppressing systems include anti-foam agents such as silicone. However, anti-foam agents have problems associated with them such as the difficulty to maintain them as a dispersion in liquid compositions. In addition silicone anti-foam agents are difficult to process and are expensive.
Therefore it is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid detergent composition comprising an anionic surfactant, said composition having a controlled sudsing profile, said composition requiring a minimum amount of conventional suds suppressing agents.
It has now been found that this can be achieved by formulating a liquid detergent composition comprising a conventional anionic surfactant in combination with an -branched anionic surfactant.
It has unexpectedly been found that such surfactant combinations provide controlled sudsing, and simultaneously improve said compositions' performance on hydrophobic greasy soil removal. Another advantage of the present invention is that the sudsing is reduced by the adaptation of straight chain anionic surfactants to their -branched counterparts, i.e. Guerbet anionic surfactants and thus other suds suppressing agent may only be required in minimum amounts.
Another advantage of the present invention is that the surfactants are easier to formulate due to the increased solubility of the surfactant. Furthermore, said compositions are easier to form as 'concentrated' compositions because of the almost total omission of conventional suds suppressing agents. In addition the compositions are cheaper to formulate.
Another advantage of the compositions of the present invention is that said compositions are phase stable.
The term "Guerbet" surfactant as used herein refers to branched surfactants derived from 2-alkyl-alkanol.
Guerbet surfactants are known in the art. DE 41 11 335 discloses a low sudsing ternary surfactant mixture comprising an alkylglycoside, linear and branched secondary dialkylethersulphates and sulphate and sulphonate anionic surfactants. There is no specific mention of Guerbet anionic surfactants.
WO 91/16409 discloses a liquid detergent composition comprising branched primary alkyl sulphates. There is no mention of suds suppressing properties or any specific mention of Guerbet anionic surfactants.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention is a liquid detergent composition comprising one or more of an anionic surfactant, characterized in that said anionic surfactant comprises from 1% to 99% by weight of said anionic surfactant of a compound according to the formula:
Ri
I
R2--C--CH2 - [OCmH2m]n R3
I
H
wherein R] is a C3-C22 alkyl group, R2 is a C3-C22 alkyl group, m is 2, 3 or 4, n is between 0 and 14 and R3 is a sulphate or a sulphonate. All weights ratios and percentages are given by the weight of the total composition unless otherwise stated.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The detergent compositions according to the present invention comprise an anionic surfactant, characterized in that said anionic surfactant comprises from 1 % to 99% by weight of said anionic surfactant of a compound according to the formula:
Ri
R2— C— CH2 - [OCmH2m]n R3
H herein after referred to as Guerbet anionic surfactant. Said Guerbet anionic surfactants are low sudsing due to the -branching. The compositions of the present invention require only a minimum amount of other suds suppressing agents. Said amount as used herein being an amount less than that used in conventional liquid detergents comprising anionic surfactants.
According to the present invention Rj is a C3~C22 preferably a 3-C J QI more preferably a C3~C alkyl group.
Said R] alkyl group may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated. R2 is a C3- C 2 preferably a Cg-C^ more preferably a Cg-C^ alkyl group. Said R2 alkyl group may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated. n is between 0 and 14, preferably between 0 and 7, more preferably between 0 and 5. R3 is a sulphate or a sulphonate or mixtures thereof.
The Guerbet anionic surfactant is typically present at levels from 1 to 70%, preferably from 5 to 50%, more preferably from 5 to 25% by weight of the total detergent composition.
According to the present invention the compositions may further comprise non Guerbet anionic surfactants. Suitable anionic surfactants are selected from the group of sulphates and sulphonates. The like anionic surfactants are well known in the detergent art and have found wide application in commercial detergents. Preferred anionic sulphates and sulphonates have in their molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms. Examples of such preferred anionic surfactants are the reaction products obtained by sulphating Cg-C jg fatty alcohols derived from e.g. tallow oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil; alkyl benzene sulphonates wherein the alkyl group contains from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms;sodium alkylglyceryl ether sulphonates; ether sulphates of fatty alcohols derived from tallow and coconut oils; coconut fatty acid monoglyceride sulphates and sulphonates; water soluble salts of paraffin sulphonates having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. Sulphonated olefin surfactants as more fully described in e.g. US-A 3 332 880 can also be used. The neutralizing cation for the anionic synthetic sulphonates and/or sulphates is represented by conventional cations which are widely used in detergent technology such as sodium, potassium or alkanolammonium.
A suitable anionic synthetic surfactant component herein is represented by the water soluble salts of an alkylbenzene sulphonic acid, preferably sodium alkylbenzene sulphonates, preferably sodium alkylbenzene sulphonates having from about 10 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
Another anionic surfactant suitable for use herein can be alkyl alkoxylated sulphate surfactants. Alkyl alkoxylated sulphate surfactants hereof are water soluble salts or acids of the formula RO(A)mSO3M wherein R is an unsubstituted C ιo-C24 alkyl or hydroxylalkyl group having a Cιo-C24 alkyl component, preferably a C ι - Cjg alkyl or hydroxylalkyl, A is an ethoxy or propoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between about 0.5 and about 6, more preferably between about 0.5 and 3, and M is H or a cation which can be for example a metal cation (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium or substituted-ammonium cation. Alkyl ethoxylated sulphates as well as alkyl propoxylated sulphates are contemplated herein. Specific examples of substituted ammonium cations include methyl-, dimethyl, trimethyl-ammonium cations and those derived from alkanolamines, eg. monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine Exemplary surfactants are Cj2-Cι alkyl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulphate (C ι2- CιgE(l.O)M), C12-C18 alkyl polyethoxylate (2.25) sulphate (C 12-C 18E(2.25)M), C12-C18 alkyl polyethoxylate (3.0) sulphate (Cι2-CιgE(3.0)M), C 12-C 18 alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0) sulphate (Cι2-C ιgE(4.0)M), wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and potassium.
Another type of anionic surfactant suitable for use herein are alkyl ester sulphonate, which can be synthesized according to known methods disclosed in the technical literature. For instance, linear esters of Cg-C2o carboxylic acids can be sulphonated with gaseous SO3 according to "The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society", 52 (1975), pp. 323-329. Suitable starting materials would include natural fatty substances as derived from tallow, palm and coconut oils. The preferred alkyl ester sulphonate, comprise alkyl ester sulphonates of the structural formula
O
R4-CH-C— OR5
I SO3M
wherein R4 is a Cg-C2ø hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or combination thereof. R5 is a Cj-Cg hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or combination thereof and M is a soluble salt forming cation. Suitable salts include metal salts such as sodium, potassium and lithium salts and substituted or unsubstituted ammonium salts, such as methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl and dimethyl piperdinium and cations derived from alkanolamines, e.g. monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine Preferably R4 is Cio-Cjg alkyl and R5 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl. Especially preferred are the methyl ester sulphonates wherein R4 is C j 4-C ] 6 aikyi
When included herein, the non-Guerbet anionics are present at levels from 1% to 40%, preferably from 3% to 20%, by weight of the total detergent composition.
The rest of the liquid detergent composition according to the present invention is made of conventional detergency ingredients, i.e. water, surfactants, builders and others.
The liquid detergent compositions herein may additionally comprise as an optional ingredient from 1% to 50%, preferably from 5% to 25% of an organic surface-active agent selected from nonionic, cationic and zwitterionic surface active agents and mixtures thereof. The nonionic surfactants suitable for use herein include those produced by condensing ethylene oxide with a hydrocarbon having a reactive hydrogen atom, e.g., a hydroxyl, carboxyl, or amido group, in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst, and include compounds having the general formula RA(CH2CH2O)nH wherein R represents the hydrophobic moiety, A represents the group carrying the reactive hydrogen atom and n represents the average number of ethylene oxide moieties. R typically contains from about 8 to 22 carbon atoms They can also be formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with a lower molecular weight compound, n usually varies from about 2 to about 24.
A preferred class of nonionic ethoxylates is represented by the condensation product of a fatty alcohol having from 12 to 15 carbon atoms and from about 4 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole or fatty alcohol. Suitable species of this class of ethoxylates include: the condensation product of Cj -Ci5 oxo-alcohols and 3 to 9 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol; the condensation product or narrow cut Ci4-Cj5 oxo-alcohols and 3 to 9 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty(oxo)alcohol; the condensation product of a narrow cut j -C i3 fatty(oxo)alcohol and 6,5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol; and the condensation products of a C10-C14 coconut fatty alcohol with a degree of ethoxylation (moles EO/mole fatty alcohol) in the range from 4 to 8. The fatty oxo alcohols while mainly linear can have, depending upon the processing conditions and raw material olefins, a certain degree of branching, particularly short chain such as methyl branching. A degree of branching in the range from 15% to 50% (weight%) is frequently found in commercial oxo alcohols.
The compositions according to the present invention contain from 0% to 30% preferably from 0% to 10% of nonionic surfactants.
Suitable cationic surfactants for use herein include quaternary ammonium compounds of the formula R1R2R3R4N " where R],R2 and R3 are methyl groups, and R4 is a Ci2-15 alkyl group, or where K\ is an ethyl or hydroxy ethyl group, R2 and R3 are methyl groups and R4 is a Cι2-15 alkyl group. The compositions according to the present invention contain from 0% to 20% of cationic surfactants.
Another optional ingredient are zwitterionic surfactants. Suitable zwitterionic surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulphonium compounds in which the aliphatic moiety can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms and another substituent contains, at least, an anionic water-solubilizing group. Particularly preferred zwitterionic materials are the ethoxvlated ammonium sulphonates and sulfates disclosed in U.S. Patents 3,925,262, Laughlin et al., issued December 9, 1975 and 3,929,678, Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1975. The compositions according to the present invention contain from 0% to 20% of zwitterionic surfactants.
Semi-polar nonionic surfactants include water-soluble amine oxides containing one alkyl or hydroxy alkyl moiety of from about 8 to about 28 carbon atoms and two moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxy alkyl groups, containing from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms which can optionally be joined into ring structures.
Also suitable as nonionic surfactants are poly hydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants of the formula
R2 - C(O) - N(R!) - Z,
wherein R^ is H, or R* is C 1.4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyi or a mixture thereof, R2 is C5.31 hydrocarbyl, and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof. Preferably, R^ is methyl, R2 is a straight C \ \_\ζ alkyl or alkenyl chain such as coconut alkyl or mixtures thereof, and Z is derived from a reducing sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, in a reductive amination reaction.
The compositions according to the present invention may further comprise a builder system. Any conventional builder system is suitable for use herein including polycarboxylates and fatty acids, materials such as ethylenediamine tetraacetate, metal ion sequestrants such as aminopolyphosphonates, particularly ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid and diethylene triamine pentamethylenephosphonic acid. Though less preferred for obvious environmental reasons, phosphate builders can also be used herein. Suitable polycarboxylates builders for use herein include citric acid, preferably in the form of a water-soluble salt, derivatives of succinic acid of the formula R_CH(COOH)CH2(COOH) wherein R is C 10.20 alkγJ or alkenyl, preferably C 12- 16, or wherein R can be substituted with hydroxyl, sulpho sulphoxyl or sulphone substituents. Specific examples include lauryl succinate, myristyl succinate, palmityl succinate, 2-dodecenylsuccinate, 2-tetradecenyl succinate. Succinate builders are preferably used in the form of their water-soluble salts, including sodium, potassium ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.
Other suitable polycarboxylates are oxodisuccinates and mixtures of tartrate monosuccinic and tartrate disuccinic acid such as described in US 4,663,071
Suitable fatty acid builders for use herein are saturated or unsaturated C jo- 18 fatty acids, as well as the corresponding soaps. Preferred saturated species have from 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. The preferred unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid.
A preferred builder system for use herein consists of a mixture of citric acid, fatty acids and succinic acid derivatives described herein above. The builder system according to the present invention preferably represents from 0% to 30%, preferably from 5% to 25% by weight of the total composition.
The compositions according to the invention preferably comprise enzymes. Suitable enzymes for use herein are protease, lipases, cellulases and amylases and mixtures thereof. The compositions according to the present invention may also comprise an enzyme stabilizing system. Any conventional enzyme stabilizing system is suitable for use herein, and preferred enzyme stabilizing systems are based on boric acid or derivatives thereof, 1,2-propanediol, carboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof. The compositions according to the present invention contain from 0% to 15%, more preferably from 0% to 5% of enzymes.
The compositions herein can contain a series of further, optional ingredients. Examples of the like additives include solvents, alkanolamines, pH adjusting agents, suds suppressing agents such as silicones and 2-alkyl-alkanol, opacifiers, agents to improve the machine compatibility in relation to enamel-coated surfaces, perfumes, dyes, bactericides, brighteners, soil release agents, softening agents and the like. The compositions according to the present invention can be formulated as conventional liquid detergent compositions or, as an alternative as so-called "concentrated" liquid detergent compositions, i.e. liquid detergent compositions comprising less than 30% by weight of water.
Whilst the detergent compositions of the invention are of particular utility in machine washing processes, most especially when formulated as heavy duty liquid laundry detergent compositions, they may also be usefully be employed in other washing processes where suds control is of importance. In particular the compositions of the invention may be usefully be formulated as machine dishwashing compositions, especially granular machine dishwashing compositions.
EXAMPLES
The following compositions are made by combining the following ingredients in the listed proportions.
Composition in % A B C D E
-Branched Cι2-Ci5 alkyl sulphate* 5 10 20 25
-Branched C j2-Ci5 alkyl 3EO sulphate** 25
Linear C]2-Ci4 alkyl sulphate 15 10 1 1 - Fatty alcohol (Cι2-Cj5) ethoxylate 12 12 12 12 12 Fatty acid 10 10 10 10 10 Oleic acid 4 4 4 4 4 Citric acid 1 1 1 1 1 Diethylenetriaminepenta- methylene phosphonic acid 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Monoethanolamine 3 3 3 3 3 Propanediol 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Ethanol 10 10 10 10 10
Ethoxylated tetraethylene pentamine 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 ThermamylR 300 KNU/g 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 CarezymeR 5000 CEVU/g 0.014 0.0140.014 0.014 0.014 Protease 40mg/g 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 LipolaseR l00 KLU/g 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 Endoglucanase A 5000 CEVU/g 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 Water & Minors (suds suppressors, perfume) up to 100 parts pH adjusted to 7.5-9 with NaOH
* Lial Cι2-C]5 alkyl sulphate Na salt prepared from the Lial Cι2-C ] 5 alcohol available from Enichem ** Lial Cj -Ci5 alkyl ethoxy sulphate Na salt prepared from the Lial C i2_C 15 alcohol 3 times ethoxylated available from Emichem

Claims

What is Claimed is:
1. A liquid detergent composition comprising one or more of an anionic surfactant said anionic surfactant having the formula :
Ri
R2""C"~CH2 - [OCmH2m]n R3
I
H wherein K\ is a C3-C 2 alkyl group, R2 is a C3-C22 alkyl group, m is 2, 3 or 4, n is between 0 and 14 and R3 is a sulphate or a sulphonate.
2. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, wherein Rj is preferably a C3-C 10 alkyl group and R2 is preferably a Cg-C i4 alkyl group, n is between 0 and 7 and R3 is a sulphate or a sulphonate.
3. A liquid detergent composition according to claim 1, wherein R2 is Cg-C j;? alkyl group, R] is C3-C alkyl group and R3 is a sulphate.
4. A liquid detergent composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said anionic surfactant is present at levels from 1 to 70%, preferably from 5 to 50%, more preferably from 5% to 25% by weight of the detergent composition.
5. A liquid detergent composition according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising an anionic surfactant selected from alkyl sulphates, alkylbenzene sulphonates, alkyl alkoxylated sulphates and alkyl ester sulphonates.
PCT/US1994/007200 1993-06-28 1994-06-27 Low sudsing liquid detergent compositions WO1995000117A1 (en)

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US08/569,067 US5858950A (en) 1993-06-28 1994-06-22 Low sudsing liquid detergent compositions
CA002165766A CA2165766C (en) 1993-06-28 1994-06-27 Low sudsing liquid detergent compositions
EP94922023A EP0706371A1 (en) 1993-06-28 1994-06-27 Low sudsing liquid detergent compositions
AU72512/94A AU7251294A (en) 1993-06-28 1994-06-27 Low sudsing liquid detergent compositions
JP7503112A JPH08512065A (en) 1993-06-28 1994-06-27 Low foaming liquid detergent composition
BR9406966A BR9406966A (en) 1993-06-28 1994-06-27 Liquid detergent compositions with low foaming

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP93870123 1993-06-28
EP93870123.2 1993-06-28

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EP0684300A2 (en) * 1994-05-27 1995-11-29 Unilever Plc Surfactant composition and cleaning composition comprising the same
EP0874041A1 (en) * 1997-04-22 1998-10-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions
WO1999018928A1 (en) * 1997-10-14 1999-04-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Personal cleansing compositions comprising mid-chain branched surfactants
WO1999019440A1 (en) * 1997-10-14 1999-04-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Light-duty liquid or gel dishwashing detergent compositions comprising mid-chain branched surfactants
WO2001014507A1 (en) * 1999-08-24 2001-03-01 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Tenside composition
US6228829B1 (en) 1997-10-14 2001-05-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular detergent compositions comprising mid-chain branched surfactants
US6927200B2 (en) * 1997-01-23 2005-08-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions with improved physical stability at low temperature
US20130101507A1 (en) * 2010-04-01 2013-04-25 Oncorena Ab Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma
WO2017079960A1 (en) * 2015-11-13 2017-05-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleaning compositions containing branched alkyl sulfate surfactants and linear alkyl sulfate surfactants
US10266791B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2019-04-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions
US10647944B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2020-05-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleaning compositions containing branched alkyl sulfate surfactant with little or no alkoxylated alkyl sulfate
US10876072B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2020-12-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleaning compositions containing a branched alkyl sulfate surfactant and a short-chain nonionic surfactant
WO2023025739A1 (en) 2021-08-25 2023-03-02 Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. Detergent composition

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EP3004306A1 (en) * 2013-05-24 2016-04-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Compact fluid laundry detergent composition
JP2020169324A (en) * 2020-06-04 2020-10-15 ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニーＴｈｅ Ｐｒｏｃｔｅｒ ＆ Ｇａｍｂｌｅ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ Cleaning compositions containing branched alkyl sulfate surfactants and linear alkyl sulfate surfactants

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EP0684300A3 (en) * 1994-05-27 1999-08-04 Unilever Plc Surfactant composition and cleaning composition comprising the same
EP0684300A2 (en) * 1994-05-27 1995-11-29 Unilever Plc Surfactant composition and cleaning composition comprising the same
US6927200B2 (en) * 1997-01-23 2005-08-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions with improved physical stability at low temperature
WO1998047990A1 (en) * 1997-04-22 1998-10-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent composition
EP0874041A1 (en) * 1997-04-22 1998-10-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions
WO1999018928A1 (en) * 1997-10-14 1999-04-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Personal cleansing compositions comprising mid-chain branched surfactants
WO1999019440A1 (en) * 1997-10-14 1999-04-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Light-duty liquid or gel dishwashing detergent compositions comprising mid-chain branched surfactants
US6228829B1 (en) 1997-10-14 2001-05-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular detergent compositions comprising mid-chain branched surfactants
US6281181B1 (en) 1997-10-14 2001-08-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Light-duty liquid or gel dishwashing detergent compositions comprising mid-chain branched surfactants
US6335312B1 (en) 1997-10-14 2002-01-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Personal cleansing compositions comprising mid-chain branched surfactants
WO2001014507A1 (en) * 1999-08-24 2001-03-01 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Tenside composition
US20130101507A1 (en) * 2010-04-01 2013-04-25 Oncorena Ab Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma
US9005580B2 (en) * 2010-04-01 2015-04-14 Oncorena Ab Treatment of renal cell carcinoma
WO2017079960A1 (en) * 2015-11-13 2017-05-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleaning compositions containing branched alkyl sulfate surfactants and linear alkyl sulfate surfactants
US10266791B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2019-04-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions
US10647944B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2020-05-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleaning compositions containing branched alkyl sulfate surfactant with little or no alkoxylated alkyl sulfate
EP3666868A1 (en) * 2015-11-13 2020-06-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleaning compositions containing branched alkyl sulfate surfactants and linear alkyl sulfate surfactants
US10876072B2 (en) 2015-11-13 2020-12-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleaning compositions containing a branched alkyl sulfate surfactant and a short-chain nonionic surfactant
EP4276162A3 (en) * 2015-11-13 2024-01-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Cleaning compositions containing branched alkyl sulfate surfactants and linear alkyl sulfate surfactants
WO2023025739A1 (en) 2021-08-25 2023-03-02 Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. Detergent composition

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EP0706371A1 (en) 1996-04-17
JPH08512065A (en) 1996-12-17
BR9406966A (en) 1996-08-27
EP0706371A4 (en) 1996-04-24
MA23234A1 (en) 1994-12-31
CA2165766A1 (en) 1995-01-05
CA2165766C (en) 1999-09-14
HU9503658D0 (en) 1996-02-28
CN1127988A (en) 1996-07-31

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