WO1994029240A1 - Bac de compost - Google Patents

Bac de compost Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994029240A1
WO1994029240A1 PCT/FI1994/000236 FI9400236W WO9429240A1 WO 1994029240 A1 WO1994029240 A1 WO 1994029240A1 FI 9400236 W FI9400236 W FI 9400236W WO 9429240 A1 WO9429240 A1 WO 9429240A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compost
compost bin
set forth
bin
section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1994/000236
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ilkka Raita
Pertti Tammivuori
Original Assignee
Ecora Oy Tara Finland Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ecora Oy Tara Finland Ltd. filed Critical Ecora Oy Tara Finland Ltd.
Priority to AU68463/94A priority Critical patent/AU6846394A/en
Publication of WO1994029240A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994029240A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/907—Small-scale devices without mechanical means for feeding or discharging material, e.g. garden compost bins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a compost bin or a composter defined in the preamble of the appended claim 1 and intended for decomposing household, garden and toilet waste as well as other organic waste into soil.
  • Composting has been used by the centuries for milleniums. It has been used for converting waste into fertile nutrient-rich soil. At present, composting has also become a part of community garbage disposal; the organic co postable waste separated through sorting can be easily composted wherever the waste is produced. This results in substantial savings e.g. in waste transport costs and dump-site maintenance costs. Organic waste is the type decaying among other waste and thus loading the environment but, when separated and composted, it is a highly useful nutrient-rich soil improver.
  • a compost cage which is suitable for composting garden waste and, if protected from harmful animals, can also be used for composting household waste e.g. in summertime, and
  • thermal composter is the most advanced and useful in view of community waste disposal. As for their useful ⁇ ness and functional aspects, however, the thermal composters available on the market fail to fulfil e.g. the following conditions:
  • the composter must be capable of composting all the compostable waste produced by a single family
  • the composter must be capable of maintaining conditions favourable to composting under all varying circumstances independently of varying weather conditions or the filling or loading degree of a compost pile, and
  • the composter in order to increase the popularity of composting, the composter must have a good value price and be attainable to all consumers.
  • a compost In order to function, a compost requires oxygen contained in the air. The supply of oxygen must be secured in all circumstances and at the same time the thermal economy of a compost must be kept in proper order for creating optimal conditions for the decom- position of waste. In addition, a compost must be readily loadable and unloadable.
  • An object of the invention is to introduce a compost bin intended particularly for household application and creating optimal conditions for the decomposition of waste.
  • a compost bin of the invention is principally characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing clause of the appended claim * 1.
  • the composting can be effected with a favourable volume/ area ratio and other benefits described hereinbelow.
  • the invention involves also improvements relating to air circulation and circulation of nutrients described hereinbelow.
  • Fig. 1 shows a compost bin of the invention in section.
  • Fig. 2 is a front view of a compost bin of the invention
  • Fig. 3 illustrates one possible surface design for a compost bin.
  • Fig. 4 shows a floor structure for the bottom section of a compost bin
  • Fig. 5 shows a structure for a loading or filling lid in section.
  • a compost bin of the invention is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the compost bin includes a bottom section 1 supporting a decaying compost mass M and having a lowest part which is relatively flat for placing the compost bin firmly at a desired location.
  • a cover section 2 for closing the open bottom section from above and for covering the compost mass M from above and the sides.
  • a filling lid 3 for loading or charging that can be removed for providing an open charging hole at the top of the cover section in view of loading and inspecting the compost bin.
  • the cover section 2 as a whole is also readily removable from top of the bottom section 1.
  • the cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 il ⁇ lustrates how the cover section 2 includes a bottom rim provided with a bearing surface abutting against the top rim of the bottom section 1 and outwards of this bearing surface is a downwardly extending flange 2a for holding the cover section firmly in position.
  • the cover section 2 together with the topmost filling lid 3, has the shape of a part of a spherical surface.
  • the compost bin is round, i.e. has the distinct shape of a partial spherical surface and a height which makes it easy to handle.
  • the cover section 2 has the size of a hemi- sphere and forms the upper hemisphere of a globe and its height from the bottom rim to the highest point is more than half of the entire compost bin height. As the cover section is removed, the bottom section will be exposed over the entire compost bin width.
  • the cover section has a minimized surface area and angles and corner points are eliminated from the compost structure.
  • the packing of mass caused by the depression of a waste mass is prevented by way of designing the bottom with the bottom section 1 converging downwards to terminate in a flat floor.
  • the filling lid 3 can be designed in view of returning nutrient-rich condensing water to wherever it is desired, as described hereinbelow.
  • Figure 3 illustrates one possible surface design for the compost bin.
  • the compost bin cover section 2 is patterned as a world map befitting the universal spherical shape of the compost bin.
  • the map can be designed as an embossment in a desired fashion, e.g. by making use of the qualities of a plastic material used for the cover section 2.
  • Figure 4 shows a floor structure of the invention, whereby the air coming in the compost along inlet ducts 4 is preheated in a space 5 between the warm compost mass and the ground.
  • reference numeral 7 designates an actual base lying against the ground and included in the floor structure.
  • the cold outside air is passed into the centrally located closed space 5 through ports opening laterally of the floor structure and along the closed inlet ducts 4 extending radially towards the centre.
  • the duct system is used for prolonging air circulation in this inter ⁇ mediate space and, thus, the air is afforded a longer period of time to warm up.
  • the air is evenly dis ⁇ tributed into the compost along ducts 6, which extend away from the space 5 and are perforated.
  • the inlet ducts 4, the centrally located space 5 and the ducts 6 extending therefrom are located above the base 7 and can be open downwards, whereby the ducts can be closed from below by inserting a separate panel between the base 7 and the ground.
  • the duct system also supplies automatically more air towards the outer rims, thus using, as the rims are cooling down, an automatically insulating warm air circulation to create supplementary insulation in the outer portion of the compost between the compost mass and the inner wall of the compost bin.
  • the inner wall of the bottom sec ⁇ tion 1 can be designed as desired, e.g. by providing it with vertically extending projections and recesses (shown by dash-and-dot lines in Fig. 1) for facilitat- ing the passage of air. If necessary, the air circula ⁇ tion and thermal economy of a compost can be further improved by means of an electrical thermoelement, fitted in space 5 in the middle of the floor.
  • the air circulation within the floor, air diffusion effected by the walls, and the air circulation control possi ⁇ bility provided by a control opening 8 included in the filling lid 3 can be used together for substan ⁇ tially improving the operation of a compost in colder winter conditions even with a less effete insulation.
  • the floor structure shown in Fig. 4 also maintains moisture in a compost more effectively.
  • the period between compost watering times becomes longer and when the compost is watered, the floor maintains the liquid and moisture within the compost more effectively than what is achieved with a meshed or open floor.
  • the compost need not be watered as often and the nutrients dissolving therein while filtering through the compost are kept effectively within the compost.
  • the central portion and edges extend further down than the rest of the surface, whereby the condensing water that condensates on the lid trickles to the center and edges and falls into the center of a compost and on an annular zone between the outer edge and the centre of the compost.
  • One even more important feature of the filling lid is its box ⁇ like structure. Between the top wall 3c and the bottom wall 3b of the lid is a void 3d.
  • the top wall 3c providing a cold outer wall serves as a condenser for the moist nutrient-rich gases rising from below into the void through ports 9 included in the lowermost points, i.e.
  • the air circulation can be controlled by means of a valve included in the top wall 3c and determining the size of a control opening 8 letting air out of the interior of the compost bin through said filling lid.
  • the invention functions on a lesser amount of nutrients more effectively than the composts available on the market as it does not lose nutrients along with the irrigation water and the nutrients do not evaporate in the air along with moisture.
  • the thermal conditions of a compost are extreme ⁇ ly critical.
  • the air circulation is based on a dif- ference of temperature within a compost, inside a compost bin as well as outside, since warm air rises upwards.
  • the air circulation and thermal economy can be influenced e.g. as follows.
  • the compost container is thermally insulated in view of exploiting the process-delivered heat in a compost.
  • the air circulation of a compost is controllable, whereby the air circulated through a compost can be limited in colder conditions, e.g. in wintertime.
  • the control of air circulation is effected by regulating the ports for an outflowing air.
  • the intake air to be delivered into a compost is heated against the warm bottom part of a compost mass.
  • the air circulation can be intensified by means of a low-power heating resistance, which is placed in an air space in the middle of the floor.
  • the overall air circulation is controlled by regulating air outlets and by controlling operation of the resistance by means of a thermostat placed in the air space of the compost bin.
  • the preheated air is delivered by way of a system of air ducts uniformly into a compost. Some of the air also finds its way onto the inner wall of the bottom section and will serve as an effective thermal insulation in cold conditions. In a composting process, the mass densities upon the decomposition of organic matter. In the invention, it has been structurally taken into consideration that the waste is packed in the bottom part of a compost and that the air circulation must be secured in all circumstances also into the upper portions of the compost by way of air ducts.
  • compost bin In view of the proper function of a compost, certain dimensions and forms are essential. When the function of a compost is based on biological bacterial action, the conditions, such as a nutrient content, moisture as well as thermal economy, must remain the same in various parts of a compost bin. This is why the compost bin is of a round design, i.e. it does not include cold or dryer corners and the shape has been designed by keeping in mind also the depression and compaction of a compost mass and the air circulation problems resulting therefrom. The compost bin design has considered a minimum surface area for a minimum evaporation of heat.

Abstract

Bac de compost comportant une partie inférieure (1) et une partie formant couvercle (2). Au moins la partie formant couvercle (2) revêt la forme d'une surface partiellement sphérique, de sorte que la partie supérieure de ce bac de compostage a une forme sphérique, la partie inférieure (1) ayant un profil allant en se rétrécissant du haut vers le bas.
PCT/FI1994/000236 1993-06-03 1994-06-03 Bac de compost WO1994029240A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU68463/94A AU6846394A (en) 1993-06-03 1994-06-03 Compost bin

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FIU930336 1993-06-03
FI930336U FI1116U1 (fi) 1993-06-03 1993-06-03 Komposter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994029240A1 true WO1994029240A1 (fr) 1994-12-22

Family

ID=8536969

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1994/000236 WO1994029240A1 (fr) 1993-06-03 1994-06-03 Bac de compost

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6846394A (fr)
FI (1) FI1116U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994029240A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3375768A1 (fr) * 2017-03-17 2018-09-19 Polder Products, LLC Appareil de compostage, procédé de fabrication et son procédé d'utilisation

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2138795A (en) * 1983-04-19 1984-10-31 J & C Tools & Engineering Limi Device and method for making compost
EP0271719A2 (fr) * 1986-12-15 1988-06-22 Fritz Schäfer Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Récipient à ordures destiné à recevoir des déchets à composter
EP0394729A2 (fr) * 1989-04-13 1990-10-31 Gérard Gavillet Procédé et enceinte pour le séchage de matière organique
US5158593A (en) * 1990-01-09 1992-10-27 Delima Daniel D Bioreactor for compressible, particulate, porous solids

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2138795A (en) * 1983-04-19 1984-10-31 J & C Tools & Engineering Limi Device and method for making compost
EP0271719A2 (fr) * 1986-12-15 1988-06-22 Fritz Schäfer Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Récipient à ordures destiné à recevoir des déchets à composter
EP0394729A2 (fr) * 1989-04-13 1990-10-31 Gérard Gavillet Procédé et enceinte pour le séchage de matière organique
US5158593A (en) * 1990-01-09 1992-10-27 Delima Daniel D Bioreactor for compressible, particulate, porous solids

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3375768A1 (fr) * 2017-03-17 2018-09-19 Polder Products, LLC Appareil de compostage, procédé de fabrication et son procédé d'utilisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI1116U1 (fi) 1994-01-12
AU6846394A (en) 1995-01-03
FIU930336U0 (fi) 1993-06-03

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