WO1994027279A1 - Piano electro-mecanique - Google Patents
Piano electro-mecanique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994027279A1 WO1994027279A1 PCT/FR1994/000514 FR9400514W WO9427279A1 WO 1994027279 A1 WO1994027279 A1 WO 1994027279A1 FR 9400514 W FR9400514 W FR 9400514W WO 9427279 A1 WO9427279 A1 WO 9427279A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hammer
- piano
- key
- sensor
- keyboard
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/32—Constructional details
- G10H1/34—Switch arrangements, e.g. keyboards or mechanical switches specially adapted for electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/344—Structural association with individual keys
- G10H1/346—Keys with an arrangement for simulating the feeling of a piano key, e.g. using counterweights, springs, cams
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10C—PIANOS, HARPSICHORDS, SPINETS OR SIMILAR STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE KEYBOARDS
- G10C3/00—Details or accessories
- G10C3/12—Keyboards; Keys
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10C—PIANOS, HARPSICHORDS, SPINETS OR SIMILAR STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE KEYBOARDS
- G10C3/00—Details or accessories
- G10C3/16—Actions
- G10C3/18—Hammers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10C—PIANOS, HARPSICHORDS, SPINETS OR SIMILAR STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ONE OR MORE KEYBOARDS
- G10C3/00—Details or accessories
- G10C3/16—Actions
- G10C3/20—Actions involving the use of hydraulic, pneumatic or electromagnetic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10F—AUTOMATIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
- G10F1/00—Automatic musical instruments
- G10F1/02—Pianofortes with keyboard
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10G—REPRESENTATION OF MUSIC; RECORDING MUSIC IN NOTATION FORM; ACCESSORIES FOR MUSIC OR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. SUPPORTS
- G10G3/00—Recording music in notation form, e.g. recording the mechanical operation of a musical instrument
- G10G3/04—Recording music in notation form, e.g. recording the mechanical operation of a musical instrument using electrical means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a piano.
- a classical piano is a musical instrument which includes strings capable of being struck by hammers, a keyboard and a mechanical connection system between each key of the keyboard and a hammer.
- This mechanical connection system is one of the key elements of a piano and has been the subject of numerous studies and numerous improvements, in particular with regard to the so-called single-exhaust and double-exhaust systems.
- Figure 1 very schematically illustrates such a connecting system between a key and a hammer.
- a string 1 fixed to the piano frame, symbolized by hatching, is likely to be struck by a hammer 2 and, in the absence of action, to be damped by a damper 3.
- the head of the hammer is connected by a handle 4 to an axis 6.
- a key 10 is articulated around an axis 11 and is capable of throwing the hammer towards the rope by means of a launch lever 13 recalled by a spring R.
- a cam system 14, 15 makes that, after an initial propulsive stroke, the launch lever 13 "escapes" with respect to the zone 15 at which the end of this lever press on the hammer handle.
- an initial impulse on the key launches the hammer and causes it to strike the string while a slow movement of the key has no action.
- a part 17, called catch which dampens the return of this hammer.
- a handle 19 of the damper 3 is also pressed by the button when the latter is pressed and the damper 3 is then moved away from the rope and then comes back into place under the effect of its own inertia when the button is released.
- the representation of FIG. 1 and the description above are extremely succinct and are only intended to recall that a key / hammer link mechanism is a complex mechanism in a piano. This mechanism is delicate to manufacture and susceptible to wear or adjustment. Its adjustment, replacement and repair are difficult and require the use of highly qualified specialists who are fewer and fewer in our time.
- motors / sensors having a keyboard function can also constitute actuators.
- the processor providing a feedback control signal in response to the key signal is controlled by an image signal from that normally provided by the key.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a piano structurally identical in its generating part of sound (strings struck) to a conventional piano, and whose string striking system is simplified.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide such a piano having a keyboard functionally identical for the user to the keyboard of a conventional piano but in which the key / hammer link mechanism is simplified.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a piano which can behave in a strictly identical manner to a conventional piano but provided with additional possibilities of recording and modification of the pianist's playing or modification of the sounds provided.
- the present invention provides a piano comprising as actuating means of each of its hammers an electric motor / sensor c ⁇ mma ⁇ * 3é by computer.
- each key on the keyboard of this piano consists of a flat modular motor / sensor coupled to a processing system and the output signals of which determine, via this processing system , the displacement of at least one of said motors / sensors.
- this piano comprises means for memorizing the sequence of the signals produced by each key actuation.
- each actuation / key motor / sensor is connected to a signal bus of a processing processor by a forward link comprising a position sensor and an analog / digital converter and a return link comprising a digital / analog converter and an amplifier.
- the processing processor is associated with a sampling clock and takes into account the position information of each analog / digital converter at each clock time and provides information of reaction to each digital / analog converter at each following clock time.
- FIG. 2 there is a string 1 fixed to a piano frame, these two elements being in no way modified compared to a conventional piano.
- the rope is capable of being struck by a hammer head 2 and damped by a damper 3.
- the hammer and the damper are mounted on the head 30 of the axis of a motor / sensor 31 controlled by a microcontroller or computer 34.
- a first link 35 provides the motor 31 with the control signals coming from the computer 34 and a second link 36 returns information, captured by the motor sensor / sensor on the positions and movements of the hammer at all times when it moves then it strikes the rope 1.
- the computer 34 can control the various motors 31 arbitrarily under the effect of a pre-stored program and possibly designed in a computerized manner. Those skilled in the art will find the information useful for programming the computer to fulfill a desired function in the various articles mentioned above. It can also be provided that the piano according to the present invention has exactly the same function as a conventional piano. For this, the conventional keyboard of a piano is replaced by a keyboard made up of motors / sensors 40 each of which is coupled to the computer 34 by a forward link 41 and a return link 42.
- FIG. 3 shows in a little more detail and in the form of blocks the electronic arrangement of the connection system between the motors / sensors of the hit 40 and the motors / sensors of the hammer 31.
- Each circuit / sensor 40 is associated with a circuit sensor electronics 50 which supplies an analog / digital converter 51 with a magnitude indicative of the movement of a key.
- the engine / key sensor 40 receives, by means of a digital / analog converter 53 and an amplifier 54, signals coming from a signal bus 56 coupled to a processing processor 58.
- a convert digital / analog sor 60 receives information from the signal bus 56 and supplies it via an amplifier 61 to the motor / sensor 31. Any movement of this motor / sensor 31 is processed by an electronic circuit 63 which supplies the position information corresponding to the signal bus 56 via an analog / digital converter 64.
- the processing system may include the aforementioned processing processor 58 associated with a management processor 66 coupled to a communication network by an input access / output 68, and associated with a mass memory 69 and with a control panel 70. It is possible to use a set of processing processors each of which is associated with one or more sets of motors / sensors 40, 31, all of these processing processors being associated with a single management processor managing all the keyboard and all the motors / hammer sensors. In the context of the following description, we will consider to simplify the case where there is provided a single processing processor 58 and a single signal bus 56.
- the management processor 66 is preferably a local management microprocessor which allows a management of the operating modes of the processing processor 58, that is to say for example the choice of processing models, the adjustment of the parameters, the configuration of the key / hammer links.
- the mass memory 69 associated with the management processor 66 contains all the programs capable of being used by the processing processor 58.
- the processing processor 58 also includes an input / output port 71 making it possible to supply signals Midi type standard (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) intended to control a synthesizer, or on the contrary to receive Midi codes to directly actuate hammer motors / sensors.
- Midi type standard Musical Instrument Digital Interface
- the positions of the keys and hammers provided by the analog / digital converters 51 and 64 are sampled at a fixed rate, typically 1 kHz and the processing processor calculates from these samples. , at the rate at which they are provided, the reaction forces to be supplied to the motors / sensors 40 and 31, these reaction values being sent to the digital / analog converters 53 and 60 at each following sampling period.
- the launch lever 13 which intervenes in the hammer acceleration phase from the rest position of the key; beyond the exhaust threshold, the effect of this launch hammer disappears thanks to the part 14 and is only restored by the return of the key to its rest position under the effect of the return spring R; -
- the hammer catcher 17 which constitutes a rigid link between the fingerboard and the hammer, with a strong viscosity effect: everything happens as if, in addition to the rigid link, a viscous friction with the frame intervened. This link allows the damping of the movement of the hammer after impact and return to the rest position.
- the kinematic ratio by this second connection of the key to the hammer is different from that established by the lan ⁇ ement lever.
- the material elements correspond to fixed or mobile parts having inertia. These elements are simulated by a process receiving forces and producing positions.
- the connecting elements determine the connecting forces between the material elements. They are simulated by processes receiving positions and producing forces. Within the framework of the model considered, the material elements are the fingerboard, the hammer, the fixed frame.
- the connecting elements are the two kinematic chains of the hammer key, namely that of the launch lever 13 and that of the catch 17; the linkage of the hammer rest stop this one to the frame; the links of the restoring force type connecting the key and the frame on the one hand, the hammer and the frame on the other hand which are, as indicated above, links which correspond to the forces of gravity. ALGORITHM OF SIMULATION OF THE VARIOUS CONSTITUENTS 1. Connection by the launch lever 13
- This bond is represented by a viscoelastic bond whose stiffness K and viscosity Z parameters are variable at each sampling step.
- Em (n) indicates the foroe applied to the hammer during the sampling period n
- the parameters L and B can vary under the control of the management processor, for example to correspond to the action of a mute pedal which modifies in a real device the rest position of the hammer and therefore makes it possible to modify its striking speed for a given keyboard touch. 2. Connection by trap 17
- Fm (n + 1) K (n) * [Xm (n) -R * Xt (n) -L] + Z (n) * [Xm (n) -Xm (nl) -R * Xt (n) + R * Xt (nl)] +
- the link has two states, the free state and the linked state, but unlike the link by the launch lever, the state is not memorized and is determined at each sampling step as a function of the relative positions of the toviche and the hammer.
- the following table characterizes this parameter control module
- Cree can also use it to provide complex fictions, some of which are already performed in synthesizers. For example, by programming, we can:
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69404837T DE69404837D1 (de) | 1993-05-07 | 1994-05-04 | Elektromechanisches klavier |
EP94915206A EP0698267B1 (fr) | 1993-05-07 | 1994-05-04 | Piano electro-mecanique |
JP6525039A JPH09500455A (ja) | 1993-05-07 | 1994-05-04 | 電子機械ピアノ |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9305796A FR2704968B1 (fr) | 1993-05-07 | 1993-05-07 | Piano electro-mecanique. |
FR93/05796 | 1993-05-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994027279A1 true WO1994027279A1 (fr) | 1994-11-24 |
Family
ID=9447106
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1994/000514 WO1994027279A1 (fr) | 1993-05-07 | 1994-05-04 | Piano electro-mecanique |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0698267B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH09500455A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69404837D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2704968B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1994027279A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2303484B (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 2000-02-23 | Jet Black | Music system |
US6194643B1 (en) | 1998-09-04 | 2001-02-27 | David Meisel | Key actuation systems for keyboard instruments |
US6888052B2 (en) | 1998-09-04 | 2005-05-03 | David Meisel | Key actuation systems for keyboard instruments |
US7439426B2 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2008-10-21 | David Meisel | Actuation system for keyboard pedal lyre |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4506619B2 (ja) | 2005-08-30 | 2010-07-21 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 演奏アシスト装置 |
EP2273488B1 (fr) * | 2009-06-25 | 2013-04-17 | Yamaha Corporation | Appareil à clavier |
EP2273487B1 (fr) * | 2009-06-25 | 2013-06-05 | Yamaha Corporation | Appareil à clavier |
WO2011062566A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-19 | 2011-05-26 | Zulfikar Yavuz Ozer | Nouveauté dans les instruments de musique à touches et à cordes |
JP5821166B2 (ja) | 2010-07-23 | 2015-11-24 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 発音制御装置 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2638273A1 (fr) * | 1988-10-13 | 1990-04-27 | Acroe | Assemblage de modules actionneurs lineaires plats |
US4970928A (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1990-11-20 | Yamaha Corporation | Hammering operation control unit of piano accompanied with automatic performance function |
US5200562A (en) * | 1990-01-30 | 1993-04-06 | Yamaha Corporation | Key position computing apparatus and computing method therefor |
-
1993
- 1993-05-07 FR FR9305796A patent/FR2704968B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-05-04 EP EP94915206A patent/EP0698267B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-04 WO PCT/FR1994/000514 patent/WO1994027279A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1994-05-04 JP JP6525039A patent/JPH09500455A/ja active Pending
- 1994-05-04 DE DE69404837T patent/DE69404837D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2638273A1 (fr) * | 1988-10-13 | 1990-04-27 | Acroe | Assemblage de modules actionneurs lineaires plats |
US4970928A (en) * | 1989-03-30 | 1990-11-20 | Yamaha Corporation | Hammering operation control unit of piano accompanied with automatic performance function |
US5200562A (en) * | 1990-01-30 | 1993-04-06 | Yamaha Corporation | Key position computing apparatus and computing method therefor |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2303484B (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 2000-02-23 | Jet Black | Music system |
US6201173B1 (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 2001-03-13 | Jet Black | System for remotely playing a percussion musical instrument |
US6194643B1 (en) | 1998-09-04 | 2001-02-27 | David Meisel | Key actuation systems for keyboard instruments |
US6444885B2 (en) | 1998-09-04 | 2002-09-03 | David Meisel | Key actuation systems for keyboard instruments |
US6888052B2 (en) | 1998-09-04 | 2005-05-03 | David Meisel | Key actuation systems for keyboard instruments |
US7439426B2 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2008-10-21 | David Meisel | Actuation system for keyboard pedal lyre |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2704968B1 (fr) | 1995-07-21 |
DE69404837D1 (de) | 1997-09-11 |
FR2704968A1 (fr) | 1994-11-10 |
EP0698267A1 (fr) | 1996-02-28 |
JPH09500455A (ja) | 1997-01-14 |
EP0698267B1 (fr) | 1997-08-06 |
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