WO1994025752A1 - Wind turbine with protection against lightning - Google Patents
Wind turbine with protection against lightning Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994025752A1 WO1994025752A1 PCT/DE1994/000523 DE9400523W WO9425752A1 WO 1994025752 A1 WO1994025752 A1 WO 1994025752A1 DE 9400523 W DE9400523 W DE 9400523W WO 9425752 A1 WO9425752 A1 WO 9425752A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- power plant
- wind power
- lightning
- stand
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G13/00—Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure
- H02G13/80—Discharge by conduction or dissipation, e.g. rods, arresters, spark gaps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/30—Lightning protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G13/00—Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a wind turbine with a tower-like stand, which carries a rotor provided with rotor blades and a generator driven by the latter.
- the damage associated with a lightning strike then lies not only in the necessary repair of the parts possibly destroyed by the lightning strike, such as rotor blades in particular, but in the complete failure of the wind power plant in question, which often lasts for a long period of time.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an effective lightning protection device for a wind turbine of the type mentioned.
- the invention provides in its basic idea that an extendable and coupled with a thunderstorm detector to its triggering lightning conductor is arranged with an associated grounding to the wind turbine, wherein the lightning conductor protrudes beyond the rotor blades of the ⁇ m the case of release the stopped rotor in its extended position.
- the invention has the advantage that the risk to the wind power plant from lightning strikes is reduced, because the lightning conductors which extend in the event of a trigger and which project above the rotor blades of the shutdown rotor of the wind power plant prevent the lightning from striking the rotor blades.
- the extendability of the lightning rods according to the invention also has the advantage that the lightning rods are not visible in normal operation and the appearance of the wind power plants placed in the landscape is thus improved.
- the thunderstorms intended to trigger the lightning arresters are already known and available, and they are already being used for preventive switching on and off of endangered systems. If the observation and data evaluation carried out by a thunderstorm results in a hazardous situation for the wind turbine in question, so After the system has been shut down, the rotor blades can be brought into their lightning protection position and the lightning arrester can be extended.
- Corresponding thunderstorms are already partially set up across the board, so that corresponding trigger signals for the lightning protection device on wind turbines are available.
- the extendable lightning arrester is designed as a rod that can be extended from the top of the tower-like stand, which according to a modified embodiment can additionally be provided with a frame that can be stretched out like an umbrella at its upper end. It is understood that the corresponding lightning rod is to be provided with a suitable grounding which, when a so-called hot lightning strikes, dissipates the discharge energy along the stator without the stator itself being affected.
- the protective effect of the wind power plant against lightning strikes can be further improved in that several rods, which can be extended both upwards and laterally, are provided as lightning arresters, so that there is a kind of grass catcher for protecting the rotor blade in the lightning protection position within the area encompassed by the rods stopped rotor results.
- the rotor is stopped in a lightning protection position on a signal transmitted by the assigned thunder detector, and for this purpose it is provided that in the stopped position of the rotor a rotor blade is in a position congruent with the stator; this applies to both two-bladed and three-bladed rotors.
- the risk to the wind turbine as such from lightning is reduced by the fact that the rotor blades are arranged displaceably on the rotor and, in the event of tripping, can be fixed in a position congruent with the stator. With the associated folding of the rotor blades into a position lying parallel to the stator, practically no parts still protruding from the stator are provided, so that the extendable lightning rods provided can also be kept correspondingly smaller in their dimensions.
- the extendable lightning rod is as a tower-like stand completely enclosed and formed from a storage space set up on the ground above the stand, so that a Faraday cage is erected around the stand with the rotor blades placed in the lightning protection position, which provides for the shielding of the space delimited by it.
- This embodiment applies both to wind turbines with fixed rotor blades, in which the dimensions of the mesh must then be chosen to be correspondingly large, and to rotors with retractable rotor blades, in which the above proposal can be implemented with less effort.
- the rotor blade is telescopically retractable and extendable, the protective effect of the wind turbine being reduced in an advantageous manner by the fact that when the rotor blades are telescopically collapsed, the radius of the wind turbine is reduced and so is the The risk of lightning strikes is reduced.
- this embodiment has the advantage that the lightning arresters provided in detail and which have to be brought into position in the event of a triggering have to be designed to be less complex because the discharge of the rotor blades is reduced considerably. This applies in particular to the exemplary embodiment with the grid mesh to be unfolded over the stand, in which this advantage of the invention comes into play.
- Another embodiment of the invention provides that the stand is telescopically retractable in height; This measure also significantly reduces the risk to the wind turbine as such against lightning strikes because the exposed height of the wind turbine can thus be reduced. At the same time the effort required for the lightning arrester is reduced, and finally this embodiment has the particular advantage that the reduction in overall height, which is made possible by the telescopic nature of the stand, also significantly reduces the repair and assembly work, because when the stand is pushed together, the rotor or with connected generator become more accessible.
- an extendable lightning rod to be arranged in at least one rotor blade and protruding from the tip of the rotor blade in the extended position; care must be taken that the rotor blade provided with the extendable lightning arrester projects beyond the stator and any other rotor blade arranged on the rotor when the rotor is at a standstill; with a corresponding lightning warning, the lightning arrestor arranged in the rotor blade can be extended so that the lightning arrester thus formed forms the highest point of the wind turbine and takes over the lightning protection.
- all rotor blades arranged on a rotor can also be provided with an extendable lightning arrester.
- FIG. 2 a wind power plant according to FIG. 1 with a plurality of lightning rod
- FIG. 3 shows a wind turbine with a three-bladed rotor and lightning rod associated with the individual rotor blades
- Fig. 5 shows the subject of Figure 4 in another embodiment.
- a wind turbine is shown in a very simplified, schematic representation; 10 is a tower-like stand, which can be designed as a lattice structure or as a solid column.
- a generator 11 is placed on the stand 10 and is driven by a rotor 12 with two rotor blades 13. With 14 a lightning rod is designated, the. 1 and has such a length that it exceeds the length of the individual rotor blade 13, even when the rotor 12 is stopped in a position in which a rotor blade 13 lies parallel to the stator 10.
- each individual lightning rod 19 projecting beyond the circumferential circle swept by the rotor blades 13.
- the rotor 12 now has three rotor blades 13, each of which is assigned an extendable rod 19 as a lightning arrester, the assignment assuming that the rotor 12 is stopped in a position in which a rotor blade 13 is in a position parallel to the stand 10.
- the rotor blades 13 of a two- or three-bladed rotor 12 are movably arranged on the rotor 12 and can thus be folded into a common position in which the rotor blades 13 are approximately congruent with the stator 10, so that a exposed position of the rotor blades in the event of a risk of lightning is avoided.
- a lightning rod 14 is extended from the stand 10, which carries an umbrella-like frame 15 at its upper tip, which is deployed when the rod 14 is extended.
- the extension height of the rod 14 and the deployment size of the frame 15 must be optimized in individual cases, depending on the design of the wind turbine.
- the shield-like frame 15 shown in FIG. 4 at the upper end of the lightning rod 14 can also be used in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. In the exemplary embodiments discussed above, an earthing line is to be led down from the associated lightning protection rod 14, 19 on the stand 10 in such a way that when a hot lightning strikes, the energy is dissipated without damaging the stand 10.
- FIG. 5 Another embodiment of the invention is indicated schematically in FIG. 5, in which in turn the rotor blades 13 are first brought into their lightning protection position on the stand 10, as described for FIG.
- a mesh 16 is stretched around the stand 10 in the manner of a Faraday cage, the mesh 16 being drawn out of a storage space 17 arranged on the ground, in particular in the foundation of the wind turbine; Suitable clamping mechanisms are to be provided for this purpose, which ensure that the mesh 16 is clamped, for example, via the holding and mounting rod 18 sitting on the stand 10. Suitable rope guides with appropriate winches can be used for this; it is also possible to lead corresponding tethering lines from the storage space 17 to the holding and assembly rod 18 and to ensure that the mesh 16 is pulled along along pretensioned ropes.
- the braided mesh 16 then must span the rotor blades 13.
- the storage space 17 must be arranged at a correspondingly greater distance from the stand 10 on the ground in order to allow the wind turbine to be spanned.
- the rotor blades 13 of the rotor 12 are each telescopically retractable and extendable, so that the overhang of the rotor blades 13 can be reduced. In particular, this reduces the requirements for the extension of the extendable lightning rod.
- the corresponding telescopic device can be driven, for example, hydraulically or mechanically or, in the case of simpler systems, also by means of appropriate cable pulls.
- the stand 10 can also be set up to be telescopically retractable and extendable, with the same considerations as for the retractability and extension of the rotor blades.
- at least one rotor blade in addition to the telescopic nature of the stator, at least one rotor blade must be able to be telescopically extended and retracted in order to give the necessary scope when retracting the stator 10.
- the invention also includes an embodiment in which an extendable lightning arrester, which in the extended state protrudes from the tip of the rotor blade in question, is arranged in at least one rotor blade; each rotor blade of the rotor expediently has such a lightning arrester.
- an extendable lightning protection device can be designed as an extendable rod from the rotor blade, which in turn can itself be designed as a telescopic rod; mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic drives are possible as drives.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4492616T DE4492616D2 (en) | 1993-05-05 | 1994-05-04 | Wind turbine with lightning protection |
AU66760/94A AU6676094A (en) | 1993-05-05 | 1994-05-04 | Wind turbine with protection against lightning |
EP94914328A EP0697065A1 (en) | 1993-05-05 | 1994-05-04 | Wind turbine with protection against lightning |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP4314796.8 | 1993-05-05 | ||
DE4314796 | 1993-05-05 | ||
DE4319353 | 1993-06-11 | ||
DEP4319353.6 | 1993-06-11 | ||
DEP4322583.7 | 1993-07-07 | ||
DE4322583 | 1993-07-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994025752A1 true WO1994025752A1 (en) | 1994-11-10 |
Family
ID=27205052
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1994/000523 WO1994025752A1 (en) | 1993-05-05 | 1994-05-04 | Wind turbine with protection against lightning |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0697065A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6676094A (en) |
DE (1) | DE4492616D2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994025752A1 (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4436290C1 (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1996-05-02 | Autoflug Energietech Gmbh | Wind turbine with lightning protection |
DE4445899A1 (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-06-27 | Autoflug Energietech Gmbh | Wind turbine generator with lighting protection |
ES2161196A1 (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2001-11-16 | Torres Disenos Ind S A M | Lightning-conductor device for Wind Turbine Generators |
EP1411242A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2004-04-21 | Chienwen Huang | The method of wind-collecting power generation and its equipment |
WO2005050008A1 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2005-06-02 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine lightning connection means method and use hereof |
WO2007038931A1 (en) * | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-12 | Lm Glasfiber A/S | Wind power plant with lightning protection arrangement |
DE202006011099U1 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2007-07-05 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Telescope tower, has multiple inserted pipes with flange on one side, and are movable towards each other for setting up tower |
US7377750B1 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2008-05-27 | Northern Power Systems, Inc. | Lightning protection system for a wind turbine |
EP2190092A2 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2010-05-26 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Improved lightning protection system for wind turbines |
US20110182731A1 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-07-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Wind turbine blade and wind turbine generator having the same |
US8137074B2 (en) | 2008-08-21 | 2012-03-20 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine lightning protection system |
US8342805B2 (en) | 2009-06-25 | 2013-01-01 | General Electric Company | Transversal conduction lightning protection system |
US8727723B2 (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2014-05-20 | Erico International Corporation | Receptor for wind turbine blade lightning protection |
US10767629B2 (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2020-09-08 | Mhi Vestas Offshore Wind A/S | Wind turbine power generation facility and method of operating the same |
CN115788801A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-03-14 | 南京信息工程大学 | Lightning protection equipment for fan blades of wind turbine generator |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE45966C (en) * | JOH. RUI3. PAGENSTECHER in Lechtingen, Kreis Osnabrück | Lightning rod for windmills | ||
DE80162C (en) * | ||||
US1743526A (en) * | 1926-12-27 | 1930-01-14 | Oliver O Howard | Lightning protection |
DE729096C (en) * | 1941-07-02 | 1942-12-09 | Wilhelm Teubert Dr Ing | Storm-protected wind power plant |
DE2838238A1 (en) * | 1978-09-01 | 1980-03-20 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Wind driven power generator on horizontal axis - has impeller mounted to tilt to make blades accessible for maintenance |
EP0016602A1 (en) * | 1979-03-12 | 1980-10-01 | Timothy Michael Gilchrist | Improvements in rotors for wind powered electric generators |
US4311434A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1982-01-19 | Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology | Wind turbine |
US4447847A (en) * | 1977-02-22 | 1984-05-08 | Drulard Norman R | Portable lightning rod |
DE4029932A1 (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1992-03-26 | Siegfried Pretzsch | Tube mast for wind generator - has telescopic components mounted on base and extendable or reducible manually or by motor drive |
US5184215A (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1993-02-02 | Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation | Lightning detecting and recording system |
-
1994
- 1994-05-04 AU AU66760/94A patent/AU6676094A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-05-04 EP EP94914328A patent/EP0697065A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-05-04 WO PCT/DE1994/000523 patent/WO1994025752A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-05-04 DE DE4492616T patent/DE4492616D2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE45966C (en) * | JOH. RUI3. PAGENSTECHER in Lechtingen, Kreis Osnabrück | Lightning rod for windmills | ||
DE80162C (en) * | ||||
US1743526A (en) * | 1926-12-27 | 1930-01-14 | Oliver O Howard | Lightning protection |
DE729096C (en) * | 1941-07-02 | 1942-12-09 | Wilhelm Teubert Dr Ing | Storm-protected wind power plant |
US4447847A (en) * | 1977-02-22 | 1984-05-08 | Drulard Norman R | Portable lightning rod |
DE2838238A1 (en) * | 1978-09-01 | 1980-03-20 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Wind driven power generator on horizontal axis - has impeller mounted to tilt to make blades accessible for maintenance |
EP0016602A1 (en) * | 1979-03-12 | 1980-10-01 | Timothy Michael Gilchrist | Improvements in rotors for wind powered electric generators |
US4311434A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1982-01-19 | Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology | Wind turbine |
DE4029932A1 (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1992-03-26 | Siegfried Pretzsch | Tube mast for wind generator - has telescopic components mounted on base and extendable or reducible manually or by motor drive |
US5184215A (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1993-02-02 | Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation | Lightning detecting and recording system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
C.W.DODD ET AL: "Maintainability of wind turbines in a lightning environment", ANNUAL ENG.CONF. ON RELIABILITY ETC, 25 May 1983 (1983-05-25), MONTREAL * |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4436290C1 (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1996-05-02 | Autoflug Energietech Gmbh | Wind turbine with lightning protection |
DE4445899A1 (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-06-27 | Autoflug Energietech Gmbh | Wind turbine generator with lighting protection |
ES2161196A1 (en) * | 2000-05-09 | 2001-11-16 | Torres Disenos Ind S A M | Lightning-conductor device for Wind Turbine Generators |
EP1411242A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2004-04-21 | Chienwen Huang | The method of wind-collecting power generation and its equipment |
EP1411242A4 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2004-08-04 | Chienwen Huang | The method of wind-collecting power generation and its equipment |
US7654790B2 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2010-02-02 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine lightning connection means method and use hereof |
CN100402842C (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2008-07-16 | 维斯塔斯风力系统有限公司 | Wind turbine, lightning connection device, connection method and use thereof |
WO2005050008A1 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2005-06-02 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine lightning connection means method and use hereof |
US7377750B1 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2008-05-27 | Northern Power Systems, Inc. | Lightning protection system for a wind turbine |
US8215911B2 (en) | 2005-10-06 | 2012-07-10 | Lm Glasfiber A/S | Wind power plant with lightning protection arrangement |
WO2007038931A1 (en) * | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-12 | Lm Glasfiber A/S | Wind power plant with lightning protection arrangement |
DE202006011099U1 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2007-07-05 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Telescope tower, has multiple inserted pipes with flange on one side, and are movable towards each other for setting up tower |
US8137074B2 (en) | 2008-08-21 | 2012-03-20 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine lightning protection system |
EP2190092A2 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2010-05-26 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Improved lightning protection system for wind turbines |
US8342805B2 (en) | 2009-06-25 | 2013-01-01 | General Electric Company | Transversal conduction lightning protection system |
CN102472254A (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2012-05-23 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Wind wheel blade and wind-driven electricity generation device with same |
US20110182731A1 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-07-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Wind turbine blade and wind turbine generator having the same |
US8517681B2 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2013-08-27 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Wind turbine blade and wind turbine generator having the same |
US8727723B2 (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2014-05-20 | Erico International Corporation | Receptor for wind turbine blade lightning protection |
US10767629B2 (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2020-09-08 | Mhi Vestas Offshore Wind A/S | Wind turbine power generation facility and method of operating the same |
CN115788801A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-03-14 | 南京信息工程大学 | Lightning protection equipment for fan blades of wind turbine generator |
CN115788801B (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-08-18 | 南京信息工程大学 | Wind turbine blade lightning protection equipment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4492616D2 (en) | 1996-08-22 |
EP0697065A1 (en) | 1996-02-21 |
AU6676094A (en) | 1994-11-21 |
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