WO1994015482A1 - Optimisation de l'utilisation de proteines a l'aide de chelates d'acides amines - Google Patents

Optimisation de l'utilisation de proteines a l'aide de chelates d'acides amines Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994015482A1
WO1994015482A1 PCT/US1993/010277 US9310277W WO9415482A1 WO 1994015482 A1 WO1994015482 A1 WO 1994015482A1 US 9310277 W US9310277 W US 9310277W WO 9415482 A1 WO9415482 A1 WO 9415482A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
protein
animal
amino acid
mineral
utilization
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Application number
PCT/US1993/010277
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English (en)
Inventor
H. Dewayne Ashmead
Original Assignee
Albion International, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Albion International, Inc. filed Critical Albion International, Inc.
Publication of WO1994015482A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994015482A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
    • A23L33/165—Complexes or chelates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
    • A23L33/175—Amino acids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of optimizing dietary protein utilization in warm-blooded animals, including humans, by the administration of certain mineral amino acid chelates. More particularly, this invention relates to detecting the need for improved protein utilization and increasing the energy derived from the metabolism of amino acids and proteins in warm-blooded animals, including humans, through the use of certain amino acid chelates. Also, this invention is drawn to a method of determining the optimum ratio of amino acid chelates to protein in the diet to maximize the amount of small peptides or amino acids absorbed across the intestinal wall into the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
  • Protein is synthesized from basic units called amino acids.
  • the protein in food must generally be digested into the amino acid or small peptide state before it can be absorbed from the small intestine into the body via the portal vein. Catabolism, or the breakdown of protein into amino acids, starts in the stomach and is concluded in the small intestine.
  • Nutritionally, protein is in a constant state of demand. As the amino acids and small proteins from dietary protein are absorbed from the small intestine into the portal vein, they are translocated to various
  • digestion coefficient Average digestion coefficients for many foods or ingredients of foods are provided in data tables as a result of numerous balance studies.
  • Balance studies are done by first analyzing the food for the percentage of protein that it contains. After a preliminary period of several days to allow the residue of any former food to be eliminated, a certain quantity of experimental food with a known protein composition is fed daily to the protein deficient animal or animals. The feces are collected, weighed and analyzed. A measured amount of amino acid chelates selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, iron and, optionally, copper and cobalt are then added to the food over a period of days. The feces are then collected and analyzed for undigested protein. This process is repeated until the minimum amount of undigested dietary protein is found in the feces. At this point the optimum ratio of amino acid chelates to dietary protein is ascertained.
  • the role of proteins in the diet of animals or men is to provide, upon digestion, a source of amino acid building blocks for the synthesis of muscle, enzymes, connective tissue, and other substances that the body manufacturers from amino acids. If
  • invention to provide a method of optimizing the utilization of dietary protein in warm blooded animals by the administration of an appropriate selection of amino acid chelates.
  • It is also an object of this invention is to provide a method of determining the optimum ratio of amino acid chelates to dietary protein for maximum efficiency in the absorption and utilization of dietary protein.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a method for facilitating digestion of
  • proteins into amino acids by maintaining and enhancing the natural enzymatic activity of the animal through the administration of appropriate chelates that increase the absorption of dietary protein by the body.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a means of determining the optimum ratio of amino acid chelates to protein in the feed of animals that have protein deficiencies to enable the animal to more efficiently utilize the protein in such feed.
  • the ratio of one mineral to another may be significant and may vary depending upon the species of animal, and the degree to which the digestion coefficient needs to be improved.
  • the chelates of iron, manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt and magnesium and complexes of potassium are prepared by chelating or complexing the mineral with an amino acid or peptide ligand wherein the ligand to mineral ratio is at least 1:1 and, except for
  • amino acid chelates are stable and are generally taught in the prior art to be absorbed intact through the intestinal tract via an active dipeptide transport system. Such amino acid chelates have a stability constant of between about 10 6 and 10 16 . A more detailed description of such chelates and the method by which they are absorbed through the intestine is documented in Ashmead et al., U.S. Patent 4,863,898 which issued September 5, 1989 and also in Ashmead et al., Intestinal Absorption of Metal Ions and Chelates, Published by Charles C. Thomas,
  • the invention relates to a method for optimizing the utilization of dietary protein in a warm blooded animal by means of the administration of effective amounts of selected amino acid chelates.
  • the need for utilizing the present invention is determined by some symptoms indicating that the animal is inefficiently or under utilizing the protein being consumed, i.e. protein malabsorption.
  • One practical way of determining malabsorption of proteins, peptides and amino acids is by detecting the presence of excessive undigested protein or peptides in the feces of the animal.
  • other symptoms of protein deficiency may be used as a signal, i.e. insufficient protein in the diet, retarded growth, protein
  • PCM protein-calorie malnutrition
  • malabsorption may be determined by standardizing the protein content in the food of the animal and by making repeated analysis of the feces for the presence of undigested protein over a period of time. For example, even an animal which on the surface may appear to be utilizing protein satisfactorily may be suffering the effects of protein malabsorption. Such a condition may be determined by comparing the protein content of the feces of such an animal against a
  • Standard obtained by repeated analysis for undigested protein from a standardized protein diet fed to that animal species.
  • the early detection of protein malabsorption may prevent future problems relative to the growth, development and overall health of the animal.
  • mineral amino acid chelates wherein the minerals are primarily selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese and iron with or without optional amounts of copper and cobalt.
  • Iron, zinc, manganese and cobalt are minerals which are active parts of enzymes or are incorporated into amidase enzymes such as the various peptidases shown in Table 1. Copper plays a
  • proteolytic enzymes and cobalt is a cofactor in many enzyme systems.
  • Potassium and magnesium are also important minerals relative to protein digestion and utilization.
  • the compositions utilized in the present invention will combine zinc, iron and manganese although individual minerals or mixtures of two of these minerals may also be advantageously utilized. Iron, zinc and manganese combinations, with or without copper are preferred base mixture for providing enhanced protein utilization.
  • Cobalt is a cofactor in may enzyme systems and its incorporation may optimize the base mixture. However, both cobalt and copper are
  • Potassium and magnesium may be optionally used but are also secondary to the utilization of iron, zinc and manganese and are, in fact, secondary to the use of copper and cobalt.
  • the administration will be any suitable pharmaceutical agent.
  • the administration will be any suitable pharmaceutical agent.
  • the feces of the animal may be analyzed for the presence of undigested protein and the amount and/or ratio of amino acid chelates
  • the absorption of hydrolyzed proteins as small peptides and/or amino acids from the intestine is influenced by the general overall health or condition of the animal. This not only includes the general health of that animal, but also its current nutrition.
  • the protein deficient animal cannot assimilate dietary protein efficiently. It has generally been thought that mineral nutrition was effective only when the mineral had crossed the intestinal lining and entered into the bloodstream.
  • the present invention shows that certain mineral chelates become effective in the absorption of amino acids and small peptides across the intestinal walls into the blood stream. Ashmead et al., U.S. Patent 4,020,158; Ashmead, U.S. Patent No. 4,076,803; Jensen U.S. Patent No.
  • amino acid chelates or complexes utilized have a ligand to mineral ratio of at least 1:1 and preferably 2:1 or greater, a
  • amino acid chelate a metal ion from a soluble salt with amino acids with a mole ratio of one mole of metal to one to three (preferably two) moles of amino acids to form coordinate covalent bonds.
  • the average weight of the hydrolyzed amino acids must be approximately 150 and the resulting molecular weight of the chelate must not exceed 800.” It is also documented that amino acid chelates can be prepared from metal ions which do not come from soluble salts. Ashmead, U.S. Patent 4,599,152 and Ashmead, U.S.
  • Patent 4,830,716 both disclose methods of preparing pure amino acid chelates using metal sources other than soluble metal salts. However, it is not critical to the present invention which manner the amino chelates are made provided they meet the criteria stated above.
  • the amino acid compositions will preferably be administered to the warm-blooded animal orally.
  • mixtures of the chelates in the food, drinking water or other ration forms given to the animal may be used.
  • the chelates may be mixed with salt (sodium chloride) when being
  • the chelates may be administered in the form of tablets, capsules, powders, syrups, elixirs or any other suitable form. They may be mixed with fillers, excipients, vitamins and other foodstuffs.
  • the exact amount of mineral to be administered, and the ratio of one mineral to another, will depend upon the analysis of the fecal protein as the various combinations of chelated amino acids are added to the diet. To make a determination, the correct
  • interpretation of data may be more important than the actual numbers generated in an assay, and values must be correlated to bioavailability and antagonistic parameters of one trace element to another or from one trace element to other minerals such as copper and iron.
  • An assay of the diet may also be important to determine mineral amounts in the diet as well as carbohydrate, protein and fat content and identify deficiencies and/or antagonistic factors which may affect trace minerals when administered.
  • the term, "effective amount" of one or more minerals is based on both the amount of mineral and the ratio of one mineral to another which has been determined to be required to meet the needs of a particular warm-blooded animal or group of animals, including humans, to enhance the protein digestion coefficient. Based on collected data over periods of time, it will be possible to pre-formulate compositions based on known needs of the animal species ingesting particular types or forms of proteins. However, one skilled in the art, based on the information provided herein, can determine without undue experimentation what an "effective amount" of a composition is and how to administer it accordingly.
  • the optimal molar ratios of iron to copper, zinc and manganese are between about one mole iron to 0.1 to 0.5 moles each of copper, zinc and manganese.
  • the mole ratios of copper, zinc and manganese to each other may vary from about 5:1 to 1:5.
  • the molar ratio of iron to cobalt will be between about 1:0.003 and
  • the molar ratio of iron to magnesium will be between about one mole iron to 30 to 70 moles of magnesium, with at least some or all of which may be present as an amino acid chelate.
  • potassium in the form of an amino acid complex or inorganic salt such as
  • the potassium is preferably present in mole ratios, relative to iron, of between about 1:1 to 1:10 iron to potassium with ratios of about 1:5 being preferred.
  • the amino acid chelates are preferably present in ligand to metal ratios of at least 1:1. That is the maximum ligand to potassium ratio.
  • divalent and metals having higher valencies and or coordination bonding site can accommodate ligand to metal ratios of 2:1 or even up to 4:1.
  • ratios of 2:1 to 4:1 are optimal. At higher ratios the molecular weight of the chelate becomes too high for assimilation.
  • Each diet had a control group of 30 birds and an experimental group of 30 birds. Each experimental group was further subdivided into three groups of ten birds each. Each experimental subgroup had the formula of amino acid chelates shown in Table 2 included with the feed at the rate of 50, 100 or 200 ppm. The experiment was designed as shown in Table 3.
  • All of the feeds contained Cr 2 O 3 which was used as both an indicator of the digestibility of the feed and to measure the amino acid content of the feces. The latter was measured by a Beckman automatic analyzer using acid-insoluble ashes and the Cr 2 O 3 as markers. Energy determinations were accomplished with a
  • Feed samples were also assayed to ascertain the total energy and amino acids potentially available to the birds.
  • Table 7 presents the summarized mean results which were obtained from linear regression calculations. The data is expressed as plus (+) or minus (-) percent variations of the experimental groups compared to the controls.
  • a group of crossbred Durlock and Hampshire pigs were divided into three groups: (1) a confined treated group, (2) a confined control group, and (3) a pasture control. All of the pigs in the study had just been weaned and were assessed until market time. The pasture group grazed free choice.
  • the two confined groups received the same commercial swine feed except that the treated group received an amino acid chelated ("AA Chelate”) or complexed (“AA Complex”) mineral supplement as shown in Table 8.
  • the feed given to the confined control group contained the same minerals and in the same quantities as seen in Table 8, except that the minerals were provided as inorganic mineral salts.
  • the protein sparing effects resulting from administration of the amino acid chelates is evident. It is believed that the equivalent growth rates of the pigs fed less protein compared to those fed higher protein levels is due to the minerals in the chelates causing greater activity in the multitude of enzymes related to protein utilization that require these minerals.
  • the greater bio-availability of minerals in amino acid chelated form allowed more of the minerals to activate the proteinase enzymes as well and those enzymes, such as magnesium, that are involved in anabolism.
  • the optimal mineral source is in the form of amino acid chelates.
  • the experimental group received the amino acid chelate blend shown in Table 8 at the rates of 150, 200, or 250 ppm of supplement per mixed in the reconstituted milk formula shown in Table 11.
  • the second group of calves consisted of forty bulls of the same breed as above. They were ten weeks old at the commencement of the study which continued for eighty days including a ten day stabilization period during which time no amino acid chelates were fed.
  • the calves in this second group were divided into two sub-groups: experimental (30 calves) and control (10 calves).
  • the experimental group was subdivided further into three groups of ten animals each and fed the amino acid chelate supplement shown in Table 2 at the rates of 100 ppm, 150 ppm or 200 ppm depending on the group.
  • the chelates were blended in the dry feed.
  • the formulation for that feed is shown in Table 12. This feed formula was blended so that in every 102 Kg of feed there was 40 Kg of corn silage, 40 Kg of alfalfa hay, 20 Kg of barley, and 2 Kg of the vitamin pack.
  • the older animals are not as efficient as the younger ones.
  • the differences in the two groups of calves may be due to two digestive models.
  • the younger calves are monogastric, whereas in the older calves, the rumen has developed, and they have become polygastric. There may also be
  • Rumen material was removed from all of the older calves and analytically compared. An increase in the amount of propionic acid with corresponding decreases in the amounts of methane and ammonia was found in the experimental groups. The increase of propionic acid and decrease of methane result in greater obtainable energy from the ration. The decrease in ammonia production results in a protein sparing effect which produces greater utilization of the amino acids in the feed to support increased growth.
  • Protein synthesis was measured by incorporating the 14 C into the amino acids in the tissues. The labelled amino acids were then determined by
  • chelates are added to the diet, the digestion of dietary protein is more efficient. More protein is digested to the amino acid state and consequently absorbed, where it can be synthesized into new protein in the various tissues and organs of the body after absorption as seen in Tables 10 and 14.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
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Abstract

Procédé destiné à optimiser la digestion de protéines en acides aminés chez des animaux à sang chaud par l'administration de chélates d'acides aminés mineraux. Les minéraux primaires utilisés sont le zinc, le fer et le manganèse. Le cuivre et le cobalt constituent des minéraux secondaires éventuels, le cuivre étant préféré. Le magnésium et le potassium sont également administrés optionnellement. Les minéraux regroupant le fer, le zinc, le manganèse, le cuivre, le cobalt et le magnésium sont fournis sous forme de chélates d'acides aminés ayant un rapport molaire ligand-minéral d'au moins 1/1, un poids moléculaire ne dépassant pas 1500 daltons t une constante de stabilité allant d'environ 10?6 à 1016¿, et sont administrés par voie orale. Le potassium peut être ajouté sous forme de sel inorganique ou sous forme de complexe d'acide aminé ligand-potassium de rapport 1/1. Lesdits minéraux sont utilisés pour améliorer la digestion de protéines alimentaires afin qu'elles parviennent au stade d'acides aminés ou de dipeptides où elles sont utilisées pour construire les protéines du corps ou utilisées sous forme d'enzymes ou pour d'autres processus corporels. Ledit procédé est utile pour optimiser la digestion de quantités limitées de protéines dans l'alimentation ou pour améliorer l'assimilation de protéines digérées se trouvant en situation de malabsorption.
PCT/US1993/010277 1992-12-31 1993-10-27 Optimisation de l'utilisation de proteines a l'aide de chelates d'acides amines WO1994015482A1 (fr)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997015201A1 (fr) * 1995-10-27 1997-05-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Melanges secs pour boissons comportant des fortifiants a base de fer, de zinc et de vitamines et ayant des couleurs stables
WO1998048648A1 (fr) * 1995-10-27 1998-11-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Preparations seches pour boissons, boissons pretes a boire et aliments autres que boissons fortifies avec du fer, de couleur stable, et contenant eventuellement du zinc
EP2018168A2 (fr) * 2006-05-18 2009-01-28 Albion International, Inc. Compositions et procédés permettant d'augmenter des taux de minéraux chez des animaux avec un impact réduit sur l'environnement
WO2009067530A1 (fr) * 2007-11-20 2009-05-28 Albion International Inc. Digestion accrue d'énergie ou de protéine résultant de l'inclusion de chélates d'acide aminé métalliques dans l'alimentation animale
WO2010006173A3 (fr) * 2008-07-09 2010-04-08 Melaleuca, Inc. Complexe minéral-acide aminé-polysaccharide

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4863898A (en) * 1986-02-06 1989-09-05 Albion International, Inc. Amino acid chelated compositions for delivery to specific biological tissue sites

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4863898A (en) * 1986-02-06 1989-09-05 Albion International, Inc. Amino acid chelated compositions for delivery to specific biological tissue sites

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MILLER, W.J., "Dairy Cattle Feeding and Nutrition", 1979, ACADEMIC PRESS, NEW YORK, pages 39-61 and 74-186. *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6607761B2 (en) 1995-10-27 2003-08-19 The Procter & Gamble Co. Color stable iron fortified compositions
WO1997015201A1 (fr) * 1995-10-27 1997-05-01 The Procter & Gamble Company Melanges secs pour boissons comportant des fortifiants a base de fer, de zinc et de vitamines et ayant des couleurs stables
CN1079652C (zh) * 1995-10-27 2002-02-27 普罗克特和甘保尔公司 颜色稳定的,铁、锌、和维生素强化的混合饮料粉
US6358544B1 (en) 1995-10-27 2002-03-19 The Procter & Gamble Co. Color stable iron and zinc fortified compositions
US6461652B1 (en) 1995-10-27 2002-10-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Color stable iron fortified compositions
US6509045B2 (en) 1995-10-27 2003-01-21 The Procter & Gamble Co. Color stable iron and zinc fortified compositions
WO1998048648A1 (fr) * 1995-10-27 1998-11-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Preparations seches pour boissons, boissons pretes a boire et aliments autres que boissons fortifies avec du fer, de couleur stable, et contenant eventuellement du zinc
EP2018168A2 (fr) * 2006-05-18 2009-01-28 Albion International, Inc. Compositions et procédés permettant d'augmenter des taux de minéraux chez des animaux avec un impact réduit sur l'environnement
EP2018168A4 (fr) * 2006-05-18 2010-06-16 Novus Int Inc Compositions et procédés permettant d'augmenter des taux de minéraux chez des animaux avec un impact réduit sur l'environnement
WO2009067530A1 (fr) * 2007-11-20 2009-05-28 Albion International Inc. Digestion accrue d'énergie ou de protéine résultant de l'inclusion de chélates d'acide aminé métalliques dans l'alimentation animale
WO2010006173A3 (fr) * 2008-07-09 2010-04-08 Melaleuca, Inc. Complexe minéral-acide aminé-polysaccharide
US8273393B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2012-09-25 Melaleuca, Inc. Mineral amino acid polysaccharide complex
US8697158B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2014-04-15 Melaleuca, Inc. Mineral amino acid polysaccharide complex
EA019794B1 (ru) * 2008-07-09 2014-06-30 Мелальюка, Инк. Комплекс для доставки млекопитающему минерала

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