WO1994013394A1 - Method for producing particles of a first fluid in a second fluid, said fluids being non-miscible, and device therefor - Google Patents
Method for producing particles of a first fluid in a second fluid, said fluids being non-miscible, and device therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994013394A1 WO1994013394A1 PCT/FR1993/001188 FR9301188W WO9413394A1 WO 1994013394 A1 WO1994013394 A1 WO 1994013394A1 FR 9301188 W FR9301188 W FR 9301188W WO 9413394 A1 WO9413394 A1 WO 9413394A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- membrane
- holes
- reservoir
- cavity
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/16—Rotary, reciprocated or vibrated modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/238—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using vibrations, electrical or magnetic energy, radiations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/20—Activated sludge processes using diffusers
- C02F3/201—Perforated, resilient plastic diffusers, e.g. membranes, sheets, foils, tubes, hoses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing particles of a first fluid in a second fluid, the two fluids not being miscible with each other, and a device for its implementation.
- a first field of application of the invention is that of improving the quality of the environment and in particular that of the oxygenation of natural waters and urban, industrial and domestic effluents.
- gases can be used, in particular chlorine for the enrichment of drinking water in chlorine, carbon dioxide etc ....
- droplets of a liquid in a gas can to be used, such as water droplets in the air for humidifying domestic air or in greenhouses for agriculture.
- the applications are not limited to the field of the environment or agriculture and other applications are used, in particular in the automobile industry, where a mixture of air and fine gasoline droplets is injected into the engines .
- Another field of application is that of the medical field, which requires the creation of oxygen bubbles in the blood to allow an acoustic tomography of the circulatory system.
- the large number of applications shows that it is important to have an efficient and inexpensive process for dispersing a fluid f * 1 in another fluid f2, the two fluids being immiscible with each other, by producing small particles. of determined dimensions of the fluid fj in the fluid f2 *
- a gas for example, oxygen
- a liquid for example water
- oxygen is relatively poorly soluble in water.
- in another fluid f2 consists in blowing the fluid fj through a small pipe, or nozzle, in the fluid f2- It is possible to generate bubbles or droplets of the fluid f-
- the pressure necessary to make a bubble or a drop drop and the size of this one are related to the surface tensions between the various interfaces: fluid interface f-
- in f2 consists, in the particular case where the fluid f-
- This method has several drawbacks:
- the medium to be treated is the site of a chemical reaction which can be polluting for the environment
- the gas evolution parameters such as the size of the bubbles depend closely on the experimental conditions such as temperature, pressure, etc.
- a third method consists in mechanically dispersing one of the two fluids in the other:
- a surface separates the two fluids f-
- This third method is notably used for enriching water with oxygen in certain water treatment centers.
- This method uses large paddle wheels which cross by rotating the water / air separation surface and thus generate water droplets in the air. During their suspension, the droplets enrich themselves with oxygen by simple dissolution at the water / air interface. However, this method is very poorly effective.
- the object of the invention is to generate very small particles of given dimensions of a fluid f * 1 in another fluid f2, the two fluids being immiscible with each other, using vibration techniques and materials related to them.
- the subject of the invention is a method for producing particles of a first fluid in a second fluid, the two fluids being immiscible with each other, characterized in that it consists in introducing the first fluid into a cavity closed by at least one membrane deformable under the effect of a magnetic field having a determined number of holes and separating the first fluid from the second fluid outside the cavity, to excite the membrane to make it vibrate at a frequency determined according to resonant frequency mechanics of the membrane, and under the combined effect of the pressure of the first fluid on the membrane and the vibrational movement of the membrane, to form particles of the first fluid in the second fluid when the first fluid passes through the holes of the membrane, the dimensions of which are determined as a function of the amplitude of the combined effect of the pressure and the vibration movement, and of the dimensions of the holes in the membrane, the particles of the first fluid being released from the membrane in the second fluid when they have reached dimensions close to those imposed by the holes.
- FIG. 1 a block diagram of the method according to the invention
- FIG. 2 a diagram of a first embodiment of a device for implementing the method according to the invention
- FIG. 3 a detailed view of FIG. 2,
- FIG. 4 a diagram of a second embodiment of a device for implementing the method according to the invention
- FIG. 5 a diagram of a third embodiment of a device for implementing the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 6, a detailed view of FIG. 5
- FIG. 7 a diagram of a fourth embodiment of a device for implementing the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 a fifth embodiment of a device for implementing the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 9 a detailed view of FIG. 8, and
- the homologous elements are designated by the same reference and the scales are not respected.
- a contribution of mechanical energy is necessary to overcome the surface energy developed at the various interfaces involved, as well as that necessary to form a particle.
- the present invention has the advantages that it allows, thanks to the mechanical energy supplied by vibration techniques, to form particles of a first fluid f-
- the limit pressure necessary for the release of the particles from the separation surface is reduced compared to the pressure required without vibrational movement.
- FIG. 1 briefly shows a block diagram of the method according to the invention.
- is introduced into a cavity, or reservoir 1, via a supply pipe, or nozzle 2.
- a separation surface 3 for example a membrane, represented by a thick broken line closing the upper part of the reservoir 1 is brought into vibration, vibration symbolized by a double vertical arrow, and under the combined effect of the pressure of the first fluid fj symbolized by an arrow at the inlet of the nozzle 2 and the vibration of the membrane 3, the process according to l
- the invention produces small particles 4j represented in the figure by small circles, from the first fluid fj in the second fluid f2 outside the reservoir 1 to the passage of the first fluid f-
- the pressure of the first fluid fj is determined so that the second fluid f2 cannot enter the tank 1 containing the fluid fj.
- an overpressure of a few millibars is applied to the first fluid f-
- the reservoir 1 containing the fluid fj must be large enough so as to make the variation in pressure negligible when the bubbles 4j are released from the membrane 3 in the second fluid f2.
- the excitation frequency of the vibrations is determined to coincide with the mechanical resonance frequency of the membrane 3.
- the amplitude of the vibrations is maximum for optimal efficiency of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 A first embodiment of a device for implementing the method according to the invention is illustrated by the diagram in FIG. 2.
- the device comprises a reservoir 6, for example cylindrical, containing the first fluid f-
- a membrane 9, of circular shape whose diameter is between the outside diameter and the inside diameter of the cylindrical tank 6 is deposited on a second lateral face 10, opposite the first lateral face 8, in the form of a crown corresponding to the thickness of the cylindrical wall of the reservoir 6 and closes the reservoir 6 containing the first fluid fj.
- the membrane 9 corresponds to the separation surface between the first fluid f-
- the membrane 9 is generally perforated with small holes 11 j so as to diffuse the first fluid f-
- the porosity of the material is sufficient for the diffusion of the fluid fj in the fluid f2 *
- the membrane 9 has a determined number of holes 11 j whose dimensions, shape and distribution over the surface of the membrane 9 are determined mainly as a function of the material used for the membrane 9, of the mode of excitation of the membrane 9 and of the fluids fj and f2 *
- the membrane 9 is produced, for example, from a flat film in any polymer.
- the cutting of the membrane 9 and the holes 11 j is obtained by conventional machining techniques used for thin materials.
- the membrane 9 is fixed to the tank 6 by means of a fixing ring 12 of cylindrical shape whose diameters, outside and inside, correspond to those of the tank 6.
- the sealing of the tank 6 is ensured by a seal 13 whose diameters, exterior and interior, correspond to those of the reservoir 6.
- the seal 13 is crushed between the crown / membrane assembly and the reservoir 6.
- the membrane 6 is also mechanically coupled to a device 14 transmitting a vibration movement to the membrane 9, movement symbolized by a double arrow.
- the device 14 is placed in the reservoir 6 containing the fluid f-
- the vibrating device 14 is for example a fluid-tight motor f-j. By vibrating, it transmits the mechanical vibrations to the membrane 9 at a frequency coinciding with the mechanical resonance frequency of the membrane 9 for the production of particles 15j of the first fluid f-j in the second fluid f2 *
- FIG. 3 represents a detail view of FIG. 2 delimited by a circle in broken lines.
- This figure represents a part of the membrane 9 pierced with a hole 11 j separating the first fluid fj from the second fluid f2 *
- the fluid f- j under the combined effect of its pressure, symbolized by a vertical arrow, on the membrane 9 and of the vibration movement of the membrane 9, symbolized by a double arrow, enters the hole 11 j, and a particle 15j of the first fluid f-
- a membrane 16 is made of a metallic and / or magnetic material.
- the vibrating device is, for example, an electromagnet 17 making it possible to transmit an oscillatory movement to the membrane 16, either by direct magnetic effect if the membrane 16 is an alloy with high magnetic permeability, or by secondary effect due to the currents of Eddy induced in the membrane 16 if it is made from an electrically conductive material.
- the reservoir 6 being of the same type as for the previous embodiment, it is not redescribed, as is the case for the method of fixing the membrane 16 to the reservoir 6.
- a device comprises a membrane 18 perforated with holes 19j made of a material whose main property is to deform mechanically when an electrical excitation is applied to it.
- This material is for example of the piezoelectric type.
- piezoelectric materials are particularly suitable for this application, in particular ferroelectric polymers, ferroelectric materials of all types, porous ferroelectric ceramics, electrostrictive materials, etc.
- the device also comprises a reservoir 20, a fixing ring 21 and a seal 22 of identical shape to the previous embodiments.
- the reservoir 20 and the fixing ring 21 are made of an electrically conductive material and the seal 22 in an electrically insulating material.
- a first face 23 and a second face 24 of the membrane 18 are covered respectively over their entire surface, without obstructing the holes 19j of the membrane 18, with a metallization to respectively form a first electrode 25 and a second electrode 26.
- the electrode 25 and 26 sandwich the piezoelectric membrane 18
- the resumption of electrical contact between the first electrode 25 of the membrane 18 and the reservoir 20 is effected by means of a metal insert 27 in the form of crown whose internal diameter corresponds to the internal diameter of the reservoir 20 and the external diameter to the diameter of the membrane 18.
- the insert 27 is clamped between the first electrode 25 of the membrane 18 and the reservoir 20 by means of the crown fastening 21 via the seal 22 and an excitation voltage V is applied to the membrane 18 via the insert 27 in contact with the first electrode 25.
- An electric conducting wire 28 brings the excitation voltage V to the insert 27 by passing through the bottom 29 of the reservoir 20 via a sealed passage 30, inside the tank 20 containing the first fluid f -j.
- a resumption of contact between the mechanical mass and a potential serving as a reference is carried out for example on the bottom 29 of the reservoir 20.
- the reference potential for example the mass M, is brought back to the second electrode 26 of the membrane 18, by via the fixing ring 21, which is mechanically and electrically connected to the reservoir 20, for example by screws 31 j.
- the excitation of the membrane 18 which will generate the formation of particles 32j is effected by means 33 of producing electrical signals, for example a generator of sinusoidal or square signals coupled to a power amplifier not shown.
- the frequency and level of excitation depend on parameters
- FIG. 6 represents a detail of FIG. 5 marked by a circle in broken lines. This detail represents a part of the membrane 18 perforated with a hole 19j.
- the first face 23 and the second face 24 of the membrane 18 are metallized and serve as electrodes 25 and 26 between which is applied the excitation voltage V delivered by the means 33 for producing electrical signals.
- the principle of particle formation remaining the same as that described for FIG. 3, it will therefore not be re-described.
- FIG. 7 A fourth embodiment represented by FIG. 7 is a variant of the previous embodiment.
- the membrane 18 is partially covered by the first electrode 25 and the second electrode 26 which form, respectively on the first face 23 and the second face 24 of the membrane 18, a crown on the perimeter of the membrane 18, of which the width should be sufficient for the amplitude of the vibrations to be optimal for the formation of the particles 32j, and for bringing the excitation voltage between the two electrodes 25 and 26 respectively via the insert 27 and the fixing ring 21.
- FIG. 8 represents a fifth embodiment similar to the third embodiment illustrated by FIG. 5 but where the fluid contained in the reservoir 20 can be a conductive fluid f ′ -j.
- the device comprises a membrane 34 pierced with holes 35j, a first electrode 36 and a second electrode 37 are electrically insulated from one another and from the conductive fluid f '-j.
- the electrodes 36 and 37 of the membrane 34 are covered respectively with a first layer 38 and with a second layer 39 of electrical insulator, for example an insulating polymer, except in the area where an electrical contact must be maintained.
- '' in other words in the part of the membrane 34 which is pinched between the fixing ring 21 and the metal insert 27.
- are covered, for example, by a layer 40 of electrically insulating polymer.
- the electrical conductor 28 will of course be isolated.
- the layers 38 and 39 also serve as protective layers for the electrodes 36 and 37.
- the metallization forming the electrodes 36 and 37 is set back with respect to the hole 35j and the layer of insulating polymer 38 and 39 fills this shrinkage without obstructing the holes 35j.
- FIG. 9 A detail of the membrane identified by a circle in broken lines in FIG. 8 is represented by FIG. 9.
- part of the membrane 34 pierced with a hole 35j is shown.
- the first electrode 36 and the second electrode 37 are deposited respectively on each of the faces of the membrane 34 leaving a space 37j not metallized around the hole 35j to allow the layers 38 and 39 of insulating polymer, deposited on the metallization, to fill this space without obstructing hole 35j.
- the training principle of particles being the same as for the previous embodiments, it is therefore not redescribed.
- Figures 10a and 10b respectively illustrate a front view and a section along the axis A -A of a rectangular piece 40 of a film constituting a membrane.
- Three holes 41, 42, 43 are drilled in the film on the same axis which is the cutting axis A -A.
- the shape of the holes 41, 42, 43 is optimized according to the various configurations of the device according to the invention according to the type of oscillation used by the device, its geometry, etc.
- those of FIGS. 10a and 10b represent, from left to right, cylindrical 41, conical 42 and star 43 shapes.
- a circular membrane is produced in a flat film of piezoelectric polymer of the PVDF type, metallized on its two faces, the diameter of which is of the order of 50 millimeters and the thickness of the order of 25 micrometers .
- the holes in the membrane have a diameter of about 0.2 millimeters.
- is for example air, or oxygen, blown inside the tank containing the first fluid f * 1 and bubbles of air or oxygen of diameter equivalent to the diameter of the holes are produced in the second fluid f2, for example water.
- the excitation frequency is a few KHz and the excitation voltage level of the membrane is between 50 V and 100 V.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiments previously described.
- the geometry and the dimensions of the elements constituting the device for implementing the method according to the invention must be adapted as a function of the fluids f-j and f2 used.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP94900901A EP0675755A1 (en) | 1992-12-10 | 1993-12-03 | Method for producing particles of a first fluid in a second fluid, said fluids being non-miscible, and device therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9214920A FR2699091B1 (en) | 1992-12-10 | 1992-12-10 | Method for producing particles of a first fluid in a second fluid, the fluids being immiscible with each other, and device for its implementation. |
FR92/14920 | 1992-12-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994013394A1 true WO1994013394A1 (en) | 1994-06-23 |
Family
ID=9436458
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1993/001188 WO1994013394A1 (en) | 1992-12-10 | 1993-12-03 | Method for producing particles of a first fluid in a second fluid, said fluids being non-miscible, and device therefor |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0675755A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2699091B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994013394A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9643140B2 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2017-05-09 | MikroFlot Technologies LLC | Low energy microbubble generation system and apparatus |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2514197A1 (en) * | 1975-04-01 | 1976-10-14 | Linde Ag | Bubbling of gases into liquids - in large quantities with minimal energy consumption |
US4141939A (en) * | 1977-06-10 | 1979-02-27 | Hikoji Oshima | Aerator for generating fine bubbles by supersonic wave action |
JPS57171414A (en) * | 1981-04-14 | 1982-10-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Gas scrubbing apparatus |
JPS58159811A (en) * | 1982-03-18 | 1983-09-22 | Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd | Method for removing material stuck on membrane in separation of liquid |
WO1986007284A1 (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1986-12-18 | Public Health Laboratory Service Board | Improvements in filters |
EP0225526A2 (en) * | 1985-12-05 | 1987-06-16 | ABS International S.A. | Device for treating a liquid with gas or for mixing liquids |
JPS62204801A (en) * | 1986-03-04 | 1987-09-09 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Fluid-permeable membrane |
SU1353751A1 (en) * | 1986-05-11 | 1987-11-23 | Университет дружбы народов им.Патриса Лумумбы | Aerator |
WO1990006804A1 (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1990-06-28 | Public Health Laboratory Service Board | Filtering apparatus |
EP0388546A1 (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-09-26 | Joseph Bradley Culkin | Device and method for filtering a colloidal suspension |
JPH1130704A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1999-02-02 | Hoya Corp | Spectacle plastic lens |
-
1992
- 1992-12-10 FR FR9214920A patent/FR2699091B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-12-03 EP EP94900901A patent/EP0675755A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-12-03 WO PCT/FR1993/001188 patent/WO1994013394A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2514197A1 (en) * | 1975-04-01 | 1976-10-14 | Linde Ag | Bubbling of gases into liquids - in large quantities with minimal energy consumption |
US4141939A (en) * | 1977-06-10 | 1979-02-27 | Hikoji Oshima | Aerator for generating fine bubbles by supersonic wave action |
JPS57171414A (en) * | 1981-04-14 | 1982-10-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Gas scrubbing apparatus |
JPS58159811A (en) * | 1982-03-18 | 1983-09-22 | Nitto Electric Ind Co Ltd | Method for removing material stuck on membrane in separation of liquid |
WO1986007284A1 (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1986-12-18 | Public Health Laboratory Service Board | Improvements in filters |
EP0225526A2 (en) * | 1985-12-05 | 1987-06-16 | ABS International S.A. | Device for treating a liquid with gas or for mixing liquids |
JPS62204801A (en) * | 1986-03-04 | 1987-09-09 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Fluid-permeable membrane |
SU1353751A1 (en) * | 1986-05-11 | 1987-11-23 | Университет дружбы народов им.Патриса Лумумбы | Aerator |
WO1990006804A1 (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1990-06-28 | Public Health Laboratory Service Board | Filtering apparatus |
EP0388546A1 (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-09-26 | Joseph Bradley Culkin | Device and method for filtering a colloidal suspension |
JPH1130704A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1999-02-02 | Hoya Corp | Spectacle plastic lens |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 59 (C - 478) 23 February 1988 (1988-02-23) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 13, no. 379 (C - 628) 22 August 1989 (1989-08-22) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 7, no. 14 (C - 146)<1159> 20 January 1983 (1983-01-20) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 7, no. 281 (C - 200)<1426> 15 December 1983 (1983-12-15) * |
SOVIET INVENTIONS ILLUSTRATED Section Ch Week 8825, 25 June 1988 Derwent World Patents Index; Class D, AN 88-173435 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9643140B2 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2017-05-09 | MikroFlot Technologies LLC | Low energy microbubble generation system and apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2699091B1 (en) | 1995-02-17 |
FR2699091A1 (en) | 1994-06-17 |
EP0675755A1 (en) | 1995-10-11 |
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