EP0169789B1 - Method and device for putting to use a building material under water - Google Patents

Method and device for putting to use a building material under water Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0169789B1
EP0169789B1 EP85401524A EP85401524A EP0169789B1 EP 0169789 B1 EP0169789 B1 EP 0169789B1 EP 85401524 A EP85401524 A EP 85401524A EP 85401524 A EP85401524 A EP 85401524A EP 0169789 B1 EP0169789 B1 EP 0169789B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
trap
bell
fine fibrous
ejector
cable
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Expired
Application number
EP85401524A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0169789A2 (en
EP0169789A3 (en
Inventor
Hubert Perrier
Didier Faucon
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Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees
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Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees
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Priority claimed from FR8411700A external-priority patent/FR2568274B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8411701A external-priority patent/FR2568286B1/en
Application filed by Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees filed Critical Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees
Priority to AT85401524T priority Critical patent/ATE39517T1/en
Publication of EP0169789A2 publication Critical patent/EP0169789A2/en
Publication of EP0169789A3 publication Critical patent/EP0169789A3/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/08—Interlacing constituent filaments without breakage thereof, e.g. by use of turbulent air streams

Description

L'invention concerne la mise en oeuvre dans un milieu liquide d'un matériau de construction comprenant un ensemble de particules solides de forme ramassée renforcée par au moins un élément linéaire continu.The invention relates to the use in a liquid medium of a building material comprising a set of solid particles of gathered form reinforced by at least one continuous linear element.

On connaît par le document EP-B 0017548 au nom du demandeur un exemple de matériau du type précité. Ce document décrit un matériau et des moyens de mise en oeuvre de ce matériau plus spécialement destinés à des applications terrestres, telles que les remblais ou analogue.Document EP-B 0017548 in the name of the applicant is known of an example of a material of the aforementioned type. This document describes a material and means of implementation of this material more specifically intended for land applications, such as embankments or the like.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer un procédé de mise en oeuvre plus spécialement destiné à des applications en milieu liquide, notamment en milieu marin.The object of the present invention is to propose an implementation process more specifically intended for applications in a liquid medium, in particular in a marine environment.

Selon le procédé de l'invention, on utilise un élément linéaire continu sous forme de piège fibreux fin, délivré de façon continue par un éjecteur placé dans une atmosphère gazeuse réalisée dans une cloche ouverte vers le bas, plongée dans le milieu liquide et dont l'ouverture est à une faible distance du lieu de dépôt du matériau de construction, on injecte dans le piège fibreux fin, alors qu'il se trouve dans l'atmosphère gazeuse, une suspension liquide contenant lesdites particules solides, et on dépose le piège fibreux fin chargé desdites particules sur le lieu de dépôt.According to the process of the invention, a continuous linear element is used in the form of a fine fibrous trap, delivered continuously by an ejector placed in a gaseous atmosphere produced in a bell open downwards, immersed in the liquid medium and whose l opening is a short distance from the place of deposition of the building material, a fine suspension containing said solid particles is injected into the fine fibrous trap, while it is in the gaseous atmosphere, and the fibrous trap is deposited charged end of said particles at the place of deposit.

La suspension liquide est avantageusement constituée de sables de dragage, de boues, etc. qui peuvent être recueillis sur place. Le piège fibreux assure le confinement des matériaux contenus dans la suspension et en évite la dispersion.The liquid suspension advantageously consists of dredged sands, mud, etc. which can be collected on site. The fibrous trap ensures the containment of the materials contained in the suspension and prevents its dispersion.

La fabrication sous atmosphère gazeuse permet de réaliser le confinement sans création de turbulences perturbatrices qui pourraient entraîner les matières en suspension et détruire le piè- gefibreux.Manufacturing in a gaseous atmosphere allows confinement to be carried out without creating disturbing turbulences which could entrain the suspended matter and destroy the fibrous trap.

Il est particulièrement avantageux que le piège fibreux fin soit constitué par un câble textile éclaté.It is particularly advantageous for the fine fibrous trap to be constituted by an exploded textile cable.

Pour cela, on utilise un câble textile (i.e. un assemblage, sans torsion ni entrecroisement notable, d'un grand nombre de filaments, c'est-à-dire de fibres textiles de très grande longueur dites continues) dont on provoque l'éclatement pour en désolidariser les éléments constitutifs et obtenir ainsi des filaments élémentaires sensiblement parallèles et continus. L'utilisation d'un câble textile s'avère beaucoup plus commode que celle d'un grand nombre de bobines. Toutefois, le conditionnement le plus courant est celui connu sous le nom de câble «bambané» c'est-à-dire déposé en formant des sortes de boucles dans un conteneur.For this, a textile cable is used (ie an assembly, without significant twist or intertwining, of a large number of filaments, that is to say very long textile fibers called continuous) which is caused to burst to separate the constituent elements and thus obtain substantially parallel and continuous elementary filaments. Using a textile cable is much more convenient than using a large number of spools. However, the most common packaging is that known under the name of "bamboo" cable, that is to say deposited by forming sort of loops in a container.

On entraîne le câble dans un conduit de guidage avec un fluide gazeux sous pression et on détend brutalement le fluide gazeux par une brusque augmentation de la section du conduit de guidage.The cable is driven in a guide duct with a gaseous fluid under pressure and the gaseous fluid is suddenly expanded by a sudden increase in the cross section of the guide duct.

On procède à un prééclatement du câble au moyen d'un courant de retour axial du fluide gazeux d'entraînement.The cable is pre-burst by means of an axial return current of the gaseous drive fluid.

L'invention propose aussi un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. Ce dispositif comporte une cloche ouverte vers le bas, pouvant être maintenue sous pression d'un gaz, et dont l'ouverture est destinée à se trouver à une faible distance du lieu de dépôt du matériau de construction, au moins un éjecteur dont l'orifice d'éjection, débouchant dans l'atmosphère gazeuse de la cloche, est destiné à éjecter un élément linéaire continu sous forme de piège fibreux fin, au moins un injecteur entourant l'orifice d'éjection dudit éjecteur et destiné à injecter une suspension liquide contenant des particules solides dans ledit piège fibreux fin.The invention also provides a device for implementing this method. This device comprises a bell open downwards, capable of being maintained under gas pressure, and the opening of which is intended to be located a short distance from the place of deposition of the construction material, at least one ejector, the ejection orifice, opening into the gaseous atmosphere of the bell, is intended to eject a continuous linear element in the form of a fine fibrous trap, at least one injector surrounding the ejection orifice of said ejector and intended to inject a liquid suspension containing solid particles in said fine fibrous trap.

Avantageusement, l'éjecteur fait partie d'un dispositif d'éclatement de câble textile, comprenant un conduit de guidage du câble comportant une partie d'entraînement et une partie d'éclatement, la partie d'entraînement comportant des moyens d'injection d'un fluide gazeux sous pression disposés de manière à entraîner le câble dans le conduit de guidage la partie d'éclatement étant située en aval de la partie d'entraînement et présentant par rapport à celle-ci une brusque augmentation de section.Advantageously, the ejector is part of a textile cable bursting device, comprising a cable guide duct comprising a driving part and a bursting part, the driving part comprising injection means d 'a pressurized gaseous fluid arranged so as to entrain the cable in the guide duct, the bursting part being located downstream of the driving part and having a sudden increase in section with respect thereto.

Avantageusement, le dispositif est relié à un ponton flottant.Advantageously, the device is connected to a floating pontoon.

Avantageusement, le dispositif d'éclatement est relié à une réserve de câble textile située sur le ponton, et il est prévu une gaine de protection du câble textile.Advantageously, the bursting device is connected to a reserve of textile cable situated on the pontoon, and a protective sheath for the textile cable is provided.

Avantageusement, l'injecteur est relié à un système de pompage de fond marin.Advantageously, the injector is connected to a seabed pumping system.

Avantageusement, l'injecteur comporte une chambre annulaire entourant l'éjecteur et pourvue d'ailettes diamétrales.Advantageously, the injector comprises an annular chamber surrounding the ejector and provided with diametric fins.

Avantageusement, il est prévu un déflecteur pour rabattre la suspension liquide injectée sur le piège fibreux fin.Advantageously, a deflector is provided for folding down the liquid suspension injected onto the fine fibrous trap.

Avantageusement, la cloche comporte des orifices d'échappement contrôlé de l'atmosphère gazeuse.Advantageously, the bell has controlled exhaust orifices for the gaseous atmosphere.

L'invention s'applique notamment à la construction de remblais sous marins et d'îles artificielles: elle permet d'obtenir des talus très inclinés qui réduisent considérablement le volume total de matériau à mettre en oeuvre.The invention is particularly applicable to the construction of submarine embankments and artificial islands: it makes it possible to obtain very inclined embankments which considerably reduce the total volume of material to be used.

L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description qui va suvire d'un exemple de réalisation. Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels:

  • - la fig. 1 représente schématiquement une installation de mise en oeuvre du matériau de construction sur une surface recouverte par les eaux. Les différents éléments sont à l'évidence hors d'échelle pour les besoins de la représentation graphique.
  • - la fig. 2 représente, en coupe longitudinale, un dispositif d'éclatement du câble textile.
The invention will be better understood thanks to the description which follows of an exemplary embodiment. Reference will be made to the appended drawings in which:
  • - fig. 1 schematically represents an installation for using the building material on a surface covered by water. The various elements are obviously out of scale for the purposes of graphic representation.
  • - fig. 2 shows, in longitudinal section, a device for bursting the textile cable.

On y voit le fond 1, recouvert d'eau 2 à la surface de laquelle flotte un ponton 3 au moyen d'équipements de flottaison 4 connus. Le ponton comporte un manchon vertical 5 solidement fixé dans lequel peut coulisser un mât 6 qui plonge dans l'eau et supporte le dispositif de mise en oeuvre proprement dit 7. Des moyens non représentés permettent de modifier et régler l'enfoncement du mât 6 de manière que le dispositif 7 soit à bonne hauteur par rapport au fond 1.We see the bottom 1, covered with water 2 on the surface of which floats a pontoon 3 by means of known flotation equipment 4. The pontoon has a solidly fixed vertical sleeve 5 in which can slide a mast 6 which plunges into the water and supports the actual implementation device 7. Means not shown make it possible to modify and adjust the depression of the mast 6 so that the device 7 is at the correct height in relation to the substance 1.

Le dispositif 7 comporte une cloche cylindrique 8 ouverte vers le bas. Dans sa paroi supérieure, débouche en y faisant saillie, un élément cylindrique 9 également ouvert vers le bas.The device 7 comprises a cylindrical bell 8 open downwards. In its upper wall, there emerges by projecting therefrom, a cylindrical element 9 also open at the bottom.

L'élément cylindrique 9 comporte une chambre annulaire 10 entourant la chambre d'éclatement 11 d'un dispositif 12 d'éclatement de câble textile. L'éjecteur 12 comporte un conduit central 13 de défilement du câble textile (non représenté). Le conduit 13 comporte une section amont 13a, située avant l'injection de fluide gazeux et une section aval 13b, située après l'injection de fluide gazeux.The cylindrical element 9 comprises an annular chamber 10 surrounding the bursting chamber 11 of a device 12 for bursting the textile cable. The ejector 12 comprises a central duct 13 for passing the textile cable (not shown). The duct 13 has an upstream section 13a, located before the injection of gaseous fluid and a downstream section 13b, located after the injection of gaseous fluid.

L'injection de gaz se fait par une couronne tronconique 34 alimentée en gaz par une chambre annulaire 35 dans laquelle débouche un raccord 14 relié, via le manomètre 15, à une source de gaz comprimé (air comprimé par le compresseur 16, par exemple à 7 bars). Des ailettes radiales 37, placées longitudinalement dans la chambre annulaire 35, interdisent des mouvements tourbillonnaires du flux de gaz et lui donnent une direction longitudinale stable.The gas is injected by a frusto-conical ring 34 supplied with gas by an annular chamber 35 into which opens a connector 14 connected, via the pressure gauge 15, to a source of compressed gas (air compressed by the compressor 16, for example at 7 bars). Radial fins 37, placed longitudinally in the annular chamber 35, prevent vortex movements of the gas flow and give it a stable longitudinal direction.

Les gaz débouchent donc obliquement sur le canal central 13. La majeure partie des gaz injectés sert à tracter dans le sens de la flèche 38, par frottement direct d'une part et par effet de vide d'autre part, le câble présent dans le canal central 13. Pour tenir compte du débit gazeux, la section aval 13b du canal est légèrement plus large que la section amont 13a. Par exemple, leurs diamètres respectifs peuvent être de 5 et 4 mm, pour un câble de 2 à 3 mm.The gases therefore open obliquely on the central channel 13. The major part of the injected gases is used to tow in the direction of arrow 38, by direct friction on the one hand and by vacuum effect on the other hand, the cable present in the central channel 13. To take account of the gas flow, the downstream section 13b of the channel is slightly wider than the upstream section 13a. For example, their respective diameters can be 5 and 4 mm, for a cable of 2 to 3 mm.

Le câble tracté parcourt la section aval 13b du canal et débouche dans la chambre d'éclatement 11 qui se caractérise par un très brusque élargissement de la section (70 mm de diamètre dans l'exemple numérique précité). Les gaz comprimés mêlés au câble tracté se détendent alors brutalement, en entraînant l'éclatement du câble qui se présente alors sous forme d'une masse touffue de filaments (toujours continus) occupant l'espace de la chambre 11.The towed cable traverses the downstream section 13b of the channel and opens into the bursting chamber 11 which is characterized by a very sudden enlargement of the section (70 mm in diameter in the aforementioned digital example). The compressed gases mixed with the towed cable then suddenly expand, causing the cable to burst, which then takes the form of a tufted mass of filaments (always continuous) occupying the space of chamber 11.

Compte-tenu du débit D (en m3/s) du compresseur alimentant la chambre annulaire 5, on a calculé que le dimensionnement respectif des divers éléments satisfait de préférence aux critères suivants, en appelant S et s les sections respectives de la chambre 2 et de la section 3b et d la section du câble:

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
 Given the flow rate D (in m 3 / s) of the compressor supplying the annular chamber 5, it has been calculated that the respective dimensioning of the various elements preferably satisfies the following criteria, by calling S and s the respective sections of the chamber 2 and section 3b and section of the cable:
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003

La chambre 11 peut avoir une section circulaire, elliptique, rectangulaire ou autre.Chamber 11 can have a circular, elliptical, rectangular or other section.

Pour le conditionnement, il a été nécessaire de légèrement humidifier le câble 17 afin de lui donner la cohésion nécessaire. On assure le séchage de ce câble et son prééclatement dans la section amont 13a de l'éjecteur, grâce à un courant de retour axial qui se produit automatiquement au niveau de la couronne d'injection 34.For conditioning, it was necessary to slightly moisten the cable 17 in order to give it the necessary cohesion. This cable is dried and pre-burst in the upstream section 13a of the ejector, thanks to an axial return current which occurs automatically at the level of the injection ring 34.

Le câble textile 17 est amené à l'entrée du dispositif 12 en étant protégé par une gaine étanche 18, reliée par une potence 19 au mât 6 de manière à se déplacer avec lui. Le câble 17 provient d'une réserve 20 de câble conditionné en conteneur, via un système 21 de régulation du débit du câble. La réserve 20 est disposée sur le ponton, à l'abri de l'eau 2.The textile cable 17 is brought to the inlet of the device 12 while being protected by a sealed sheath 18, connected by a bracket 19 to the mast 6 so as to move with it. The cable 17 comes from a reserve 20 of cable conditioned in a container, via a system 21 for regulating the cable flow rate. The reserve 20 is arranged on the pontoon, away from water 2.

La chambre annulaire 10 entourant la chambre d'éclatement 11 comporte des ailettes 22 diamétrales destinées à transformer en mouvement longitudinal le mouvement plus ou moins tourbillonnaire de la suspension liquide injectée dans la chambre 10 par une entrée 23, reliée à une pompe non représentée. Un déflecteur conique 24 resserre la sortie inférieure de la chambre annulaire 10 le long de la sortie de la chambre d'éclatement 11.The annular chamber 10 surrounding the bursting chamber 11 comprises diametric fins 22 intended to transform into longitudinal movement the more or less vortex movement of the liquid suspension injected into the chamber 10 through an inlet 23, connected to a pump not shown. A conical deflector 24 constricts the lower outlet of the annular chamber 10 along the outlet of the bursting chamber 11.

Des sorties d'air réglables 25 sont prévues à la partie supérieure de la cloche 8, au niveau de la couronne cylindrique entourant la sortie de l'élément 9, de manière à limiter la surpression régnant à l'intérieur de la cloche.Adjustable air outlets 25 are provided at the upper part of the bell 8, at the level of the cylindrical crown surrounding the outlet of the element 9, so as to limit the overpressure prevailing inside the bell.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif est le suivant.The operation of the device is as follows.

Le dispositif 7 est réglé à une hauteur telle que le bas de la cloche 8 soit à quelques centimètres du fond 1 à recouvrir.The device 7 is adjusted to a height such that the bottom of the bell 8 is a few centimeters from the bottom 1 to be covered.

L'air comprimé par le compresseur 16 sert d'une part à tracter et à faire éclater le câble 17 dans le dispositif d'éclatement 12, et à alimenter la cloche 8 en air comprimé. La cloche 8 est donc remplie d'air, sauf à sa partie inférieure où l'eau a monté d'une petite hauteur (une vingtaine de centimètres).The air compressed by the compressor 16 serves on the one hand to tow and burst the cable 17 in the bursting device 12, and to supply the bell 8 with compressed air. The bell 8 is therefore filled with air, except at its lower part where the water has risen a small height (about twenty centimeters).

Le raccord 23 est alimenté en suspension liquide contenant des particules solides, par exemple du sable de dragage en suspension directement pompé sur le fond 1.The connector 23 is supplied with liquid suspension containing solid particles, for example dredged sand in suspension directly pumped on the bottom 1.

Cette suspension solide est amenée par les déflecteurs 24 au contact du câble éclaté sortant de la chambre 11. Il importe de régler la vitesse longitudinale de la suspension à une valeur inférieure à la vitesse de sortie du câble éclaté, de manière à ne pas entraîner un effet de traction sur celui-ci qui tende à resserrer les espaces entre filaments individuels et donc à réduire la capacité de piégeage du câble éclaté.This solid suspension is brought by the deflectors 24 into contact with the exploded cable leaving the chamber 11. It is important to adjust the longitudinal speed of the suspension to a value lower than the exit speed of the exploded cable, so as not to cause a traction effect thereon which tends to tighten the spaces between individual filaments and therefore to reduce the trapping capacity of the burst cable.

Le câble éclaté, chargé par la suspension aqueuse, ou du moins par les particules de celle-ci, traverse la cloche 8 et la petite épaisseur d'eau avant de se déposer sur le fond.The burst cable, charged by the aqueous suspension, or at least by the particles thereof, crosses the bell 8 and the small thickness of water before settling on the bottom.

Au fur et à mesure de la progression du matériau déposé sur le fond, le dispositif 7 est déplacé verticalement et/ou latéralement pour en poursuivre la mise en oeuvre.As the material deposited on the bottom progresses, the device 7 is moved vertically and / or laterally to continue its implementation.

Bien entendu, diverses modifications peuvent être apportées au dispositif ci-dessus sans sortir du cadre de l'invention tel que défini par les revendications.Of course, various modifications can be made to the above device without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

C'est ainsi que la cloche peut avoir des moyens de support autonomes, que le dispositif d'éclatement de câble peut être remplacé pour un autre dispositif fournissant un piège fibreux, par exemple à partir d'un ensemble de bobines de filaments individuels, bien que cela soit moins pratique. On peut placer dans une même cloche plusieurs éjecteurs de piège fibreux fins entourés chacun de leur propre injecteur de suspension liquide.This is how the bell can have means of stand-alone supports, that the cable bursting device can be replaced for another device providing a fibrous trap, for example from a set of individual filament coils, although this is less practical. Several fine fibrous trap ejectors can be placed in the same bell, each surrounded by their own liquid suspension injector.

Claims (9)

1. Method of placing in a liquid medium a construction material comprising a mass of solid particles of compact form reinforced by at least one continuous linear element, characterized in that a linear continuous element is used in the form of a fine fibrous trap, delivered in a continuous manner by an ejector placed in a gaseous atmosphere established in an open-bottomed bell (8) immersed in the liquid medium such that the open bottom of the bell is kept a short distance from the site on which the construction material is being deposited, a slurry of said solid particles is injected into the fine fibrous trap when it is still in said gaseous atmosphere, and said fine fibrous trap, charged with said particles, is deposited on the construction site.
2. Device for carrying out the deposition in a liquid medium of a construction material consisting of a mass of solid particles of compact form reinforced by at least one continuous linear element, characterized in that it comprises an open-bottomed bell (8) adapted to contain a compressed gas, said open bottom being designed to be placed a short distance from the deposition site of the construction material, at least one ejector (11) the ejection orifice whereof, issuing into the gaseous atmosphere of the bell (8), is designed to eject a continuous linear element in the form of a fine fibrous trap, and at least one injection means (10) surrounding said ejection orifice of said ejector (11) and designed to inject a slurry of solid particles into said fine fibrous trap.
3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the ejector (11) is provided as part of a device (12) for breaking up textile cable.
4. Device according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that it is connected to a pontoon floating platform (3).
5. Device according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that said textile cable breaking up device (12) is connected to a store (20) of textile cable situated on the pontoon (3) and in that a protective sheath (18) is provided for the textile cable (17).
6. Device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the injection means (10) is connected to a seabed pumping facility.
7. Device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that said injection means comprises an annular chamber (10) surrounding the ejector (11) and provided with diametrical fins (22).
8. Device according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that a deflector (24) is provided to direct the injected slurry toward the fine fibrous trap.
9. Device according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the bell (8) comprises openings (25) for the controlled discharge of its gaseous atmosphere.
EP85401524A 1984-07-24 1985-07-24 Method and device for putting to use a building material under water Expired EP0169789B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85401524T ATE39517T1 (en) 1984-07-24 1985-07-24 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR USING UNDERWATER CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8411700A FR2568274B1 (en) 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BREAKING DOWN A TEXTILE CABLE
FR8411700 1984-07-24
FR8411701A FR2568286B1 (en) 1984-07-24 1984-07-24 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL IN A LIQUID MEDIUM
FR8411701 1984-07-24

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EP0169789A2 EP0169789A2 (en) 1986-01-29
EP0169789A3 EP0169789A3 (en) 1987-01-14
EP0169789B1 true EP0169789B1 (en) 1988-12-28

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EP (1) EP0169789B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1234995A (en)
DE (1) DE3567045D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8607447A1 (en)
NO (1) NO163419C (en)

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Publication number Publication date
CA1234995A (en) 1988-04-12
NO852917L (en) 1986-01-27
DE3567045D1 (en) 1989-02-02
US4674917A (en) 1987-06-23
ES545470A0 (en) 1986-06-16
NO163419C (en) 1990-05-23
NO163419B (en) 1990-02-12
ES8607447A1 (en) 1986-06-16
EP0169789A2 (en) 1986-01-29
EP0169789A3 (en) 1987-01-14

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