WO1994006162A1 - A method of manufacture of a chemical current source - Google Patents
A method of manufacture of a chemical current source Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994006162A1 WO1994006162A1 PCT/US1993/008194 US9308194W WO9406162A1 WO 1994006162 A1 WO1994006162 A1 WO 1994006162A1 US 9308194 W US9308194 W US 9308194W WO 9406162 A1 WO9406162 A1 WO 9406162A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- nitride
- current source
- nickel
- cathode
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009699 differential effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005036 potential barrier Methods 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum-magnesium-tin-lead-zinc- Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/06—Electrodes for primary cells
- H01M4/08—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/12—Processes of manufacture of consumable metal or alloy electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/46—Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/32—Deferred-action cells activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components
- H01M6/34—Immersion cells, e.g. sea-water cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a chemical current source
- Chemical current sources can be described and rated in terms of
- the active portions of the electrodes may, in theory, be made of any
- metalloids which include lead, nickel, cadmium, iron,
- current source further includes solder, potassium hydroxide, nitride of
- An anode according to the present invention can be used, along with
- Anodes according to the present invention can be used, along with
- the present invention is of a method of fabricating an anode and of
- an anode for use in chemical current sources and in storage batteries.
- the present invention addresses the task of improving the
- aluminum granules are mixed one or more additives, such as granules
- the magnesium, aluminum, solder, potassium hydroxide, nitrides Preferably, the magnesium, aluminum, solder, potassium hydroxide, nitrides
- the mixture is heated under hydrogen atmosphere, to above the
- the melt is
- the cooling takes
- the resultant anode possesses higher electrochemical
- H ' may be two, that is, hydrogen plus whatever ion forms an H ' , which causes
- the resultant anode has
- the discharge current density is capable of instantaneously reaching
- the present invention achieves improved technical characteristics, and yields
- Granules of magnesium and aluminum were mixed with granules of
- a chemical current source anode made as described above may be any chemical current source anode made as described above.
- the anode is immersed in an
- electrolyte which is preferably water. Also immersed in the electrolyte is a cathode which can be made from any suitable material, preferably
- a storage battery anode made as described above may be used to store
- alkaline solution containing one or more of the following:
- a cathode which can be made from any suitable
- the energy plant is depicted schematically in the Figure.
- the energy plant is
- Chemical current source 10 includes a current source anode 14 and a
- Heating means 20 are available to heat current source anode 14.
- Storage battery 12 includes a battery anode 22 which is electrically
- battery cathode 24 are immersed in a battery electrolyte 26.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
A method of making material for use in fabricating an anode for use in a chemical current source, which includes heating a mixture which includes aluminum and magnesium to a temperature sufficiently high to bring about the fusion of the mixture. The heating is done in the presence of hydrogen so that the hydrogen penetrates the melt. Upon cooling, the mixture solidifies to form an anode with improved properties.
Description
A METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF A CHEMICAL CURRENT SOURCE
FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a chemical current source and
storage batteries and, more particularly, to methods of preparing water-
activated batteries with soluble anodes of a chemical current source and
storage batteries.
Many chemical current sources are known. These differ in their
dimensions, in their manner of construction and in the nature of the
electrochemical reactions which take place in the sources. The current
sources also vary in their use-related properties, such as, for example, their
applicability to underwater or above-water devices, rescue and signaling
equipment, electric vehicles, and the like.
It is common to intensify the reactions taking place at the electrodes
of a chemical current source by making use of various metallic alloys for
the fabrication of the negative electrode (anode).
Chemical current sources can be described and rated in terms of
various performance indicators, such as their energy density, their capacity,
and their internal resistance per unit area of electrode surface or per unit
mass or per unit volume of the cell.
Additional considerations are cost and availability of the materials
needed for the construction of the electrodes, and the service life and shelf-
life of the current source, as well as the ecological effects of its production,
use and discarding.
The active portions of the electrodes may, in theory, be made of any
of a large variety of metalloids, including those which are aluminum and
magnesium based. Based on energy density consideration, the choice is
usually limited to metalloids which include lead, nickel, cadmium, iron,
manganese, zinc, lithium, silver, alone or in combination.
There have been attempts to produce chemical current sources with
electrodes of aluminum and magnesium, but these attempts have not found
wide application due to their inherent shortcoming of the high resistivity
of the protective oxide layer which tends to form around the anode and
which leads to a potential barrier of about 1 volt. This potential barrier,
in turn, produces a highly negative differential effect which increases the
corrosion current and increases of the anodic current density.
It is largely this limitation which has tended to rule out the use in
chemical current source anodes of aluminum alloyed with rare metals, such
as indium, thallium and gallium. Other considerations, such as the high
cost and relatively high toxicity, also played a role.
A further shortcoming of known water-activated chemical current
sources, and of air-magnesium cells in particular, is their inability to
operate intermittently. This is caused by the high self-discharge and the
corrosion of the anode, which is permanently activated following its initial
operation.
There is thus a widely recognized need for, and it would be highly
advantageous to have, an inexpensive and long-lasting chemical current
source, capable of generating a large current density over a long period,
including in intermittent use.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention there is provided a method of
making material for use in fabricating an anode for use in a chemical
current source, comprising: (a) heating a mixture including aluminum and
magnesium to at least the fusion point of the mixture in the presence of
hydrogen to form a molten mass; and (b) cooling the molten mass to form
the anode material, and an anode made in this way.
Also according to the present invention there is provided a method
of making material for use in fabricating an anode for use in a storage
battery, comprising: (a) heating a mixture including aluminum and
magnesium to at least the fusion point of the mixture in the presence of
hydrogen to form a molten mass; and (b) cooling the molten mass to form
the anode material, and an anode made in this way.
According to further features in preferred embodiments of the
invention described below,
According to still further features in the described preferred
embodiments, the mixture used to fabricate an anode for use in a chemical
current source further includes solder, potassium hydroxide, nitride of
nickel, nitride of zinc, or nitride of titanium, or combinations thereof. A
mixture used to fabricated an anode for use in a storage battery is further
made up of nickel hydroxide.
An anode according to the present invention can be used, along with
a cathode and an electrolyte, to form a chemical current source, which
preferably features means for heating the anode.
Anodes according to the present invention can be used, along with
appropriate cathodes electrolytes, to form an energy plant which includes
a chemical current source and an electrically connected storage battery.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with
reference to the accompanying drawing, which schematically depicts an
energy plant.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention is of a method of fabricating an anode and of
an anode, for use in chemical current sources and in storage batteries.
The present invention addresses the task of improving the
performance characteristics of chemical current sources by making use of
a water-activated negative electrode (anode) made of a magnesium-
aluminum alloy impregnated with hydrogen. The magnesium-aluminum
is brought to the molten state under an atmosphere of hydrogen, in the
presence of one or more additives which facilitate the impregnation of the
melt by hydrogen.
To fabricate an anode according to the present invention, magnesium
and aluminum granules are mixed one or more additives, such as granules
of solder, granules of potassium hydroxide, powdered nitrides of nickel,
zinc and titanium, and the like. Any suitable proportions may be used.
Preferably, the magnesium, aluminum, solder, potassium hydroxide, nitrides
of nickel, nitrides of zinc and nitrides of are in the following mass-
proportions: 7-52%, 38-84%, 2-4%, 0.5-1.5%, 0.5-1.5%, 3-5% and 1-4%,
respectively.
The mixture is heated under hydrogen atmosphere, to above the
melting temperature, so as to form a molten mass. The melt is
subsequently cooled or allowed to cool and harden to some suitable
temperature, forming the anode material. Preferably the cooling takes
place in molds which are shaped and sized so as to result in a finished
anode after cooling.
Without in any way limiting the scope of the present invention, it
is believed that these operations result in the formation of solid solutions
and compounds. The resultant anode possesses higher electrochemical
activity.
Without in any way limiting the scope of the present invention, it
is believed that the heat treatment of the aluminum/magnesium alloy at the
liquefying point under hydrogen, at adequate pressure, affects the electronic
state and modifies the structural parameters of the aluminum and of the
magnesium initiating the penetration into their crystalline lattice of
hydrogen atoms, that is, of protons, which are all bound in a medium
replete with free electrons. The number of electrons at the bound level
may be two, that is, hydrogen plus whatever ion forms an H', which causes
less anode metal polarization and heightens the resistance to corrosion,
typically be a factor of 2, on account of the higher toughness due to
intensive hydrogen penetration into the metal surface, which passivates it.
The formation of the H" ion causes a shift of the potential of the
chemical current source at the magnesium/aluminum anode, without the
formation or release of any toxic admixtures. The resultant anode has
increased resistance to electrochemical corrosion.
The discharge current density is capable of instantaneously reaching
from 2 to 500 milliamperes/cm.sq., and higher.
The higher stability of magnesiunValuminum alloys and the reduced
corrosion due to the negative differential effect testify to the effect which
passivation has at relatively low current densities and chemical current
source self-discharge. The increased corrosion resistance throughout the
anode volume is therefore practically realized by the anode reagent all over
the magnesium-aluminum electrode volume. The working under hydrogen
also has a beneficial influence on the electrochemical activity of the
resultant intermetallic compounds of aluminum-magnesium-tin-lead-zinc-
nickel.
The method for fabrication of chemical current source according to
the present invention achieves improved technical characteristics, and yields
chemical current sources which are capable of fast discharge.
EXAMPLE
Granules of magnesium and aluminum were mixed with granules of
solder and KOH and nickel, zinc and titanium nitride at the following mass
proportions: 44%, 45%, 3%, 1%, 1%, 4% and 2%, respectively. The
mixture obtained was enclosed in an electrical graphite crucible, and heated
to the fusion point under hydrogen. The resultant substance was cooled
down to an acceptable temperature for fabrication of electrodes.
A chemical current source anode made as described above may be
used to fabricate a chemical current source. The anode is immersed in an
electrolyte, which is preferably water. Also immersed in the electrolyte is
a cathode which can be made from any suitable material, preferably
activated carbon. Preferably, means are provided to heat the anode of the
current source in order to improve its performance.
Precisely the same techniques described above can be used to
fabricate an anode for use in a storage battery. Preferably, the mixtures
used to fabricate an anode for use in a storage battery will, in addition, also
contain 3-5 wt% of nickel hydroxide.
A storage battery anode made as described above may be used to
fabricate a storage battery. The anode is immersed in an electrolyte, which
is preferably an alkaline solution containing one or more of the following:
zincates, stannates, aluminates, fluoric sodium, or potash. Also immersed
in the electrolyte is a cathode which can be made from any suitable
material, preferably an oxygen-nickel cathode.
A chemical current source and a storage battery as described above
may be combined to form an energy plant. One example of such an
energy plant is depicted schematically in the Figure. The energy plant is
made up of a chemical current source 10 and a storage battery 12.
Chemical current source 10 includes a current source anode 14 and a
current source cathode 16 immersed in a current source electrolyte 18.
Heating means 20 are available to heat current source anode 14.
Storage battery 12 includes a battery anode 22 which is electrically
connected to current source anode 14, and a battery cathode 24 which is
electrically connected to current source cathode 16. Battery anode 22 and
battery cathode 24 are immersed in a battery electrolyte 26.
While the invention has been described with respect to several
preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many variations,
modifications and other applications of the invention may be made.
Claims
1. A method of making material for use in fabricating an anode
for use in a chemical current source, comprising
(a) heating a mixture including aluminum and magnesium to at
least the fusion point of said mixture in the presence of
hydrogen to form a molten mass; and
(b) cooling said molten mass to form the anode material.
2. A method as in claim 1 wherein said mixture further includes
solder, potassium hydroxide, nitride of nickel, nitride of zinc, or nitride of
titanium, or combinations thereof.
3. A method as in claim 2 wherein said mixture includes
magnesium, aluminum, solder, potassium hydroxide, nitride of nickel,
nitride of zinc, and nitride of titanium.
4. A method as in claim 3 wherein said mixture includes 7-52
wt% magnesium, 38-84 wt% aluminum, 2-4 wt% solder, 0.5-1.5 wt%
potassium hydroxide, 0.5-1.5 wt% nitride of nickel, 3-5 wt% nitride of
zinc, and 1-4 wt% nitride of titanium.
5. A method of making material for use in fabricating an anode
for use in a storage battery, comprising
(a) heating a mixture including aluminum and magnesium to at
least the fusion point of said mixture in the presence of
hydrogen to form a molten mass; and
(b) cooling said molten mass to form the anode material.
6. A method as in claim 5 wherein said mixture further includes
solder, potassium hydroxide, nitride of nickel, nitride of zinc, nitride of
titanium, nickel hydroxide, or combinations thereof.
7. A method as in claim 6 wherein said mixture includes
magnesium, aluminum, solder, potassium hydroxide, nitride of nickel,
nitride of zinc, nitride of titanium and nickel hydroxide.
8. A method as in claim 7 wherein said mixture includes 7-52
wt% magnesium, 38-84 wt% aluminum, 2-4 wt% solder, 0.5-1.5 wt%
potassium hydroxide, 0.5-1.5 wt% nitride of nickel, 3-5 wt% nitride of
zinc, 1-4 wt% nitride of titanium and 3-5 wt% of nickel hydroxide.
9. An anode made by the method of claim 1.
10. An anode made by the method of claim 5.
11. A chemical current source, comprising:
(a) an anode made by the method of claim 1 serving as an
anode;
(b) a cathode;
(c) an electrolyte into which said anode and said cathode are
immersed.
12. A chemical current source as in claim 11 wherein said
cathode is made of activated carbon.
13. A chemical current source as in claim 11, further comprising
a heater for heating said anode.
14. A storage battery, comprising:
(a) an anode made by the method of claim 5 serving as an
anode;
(b) a cathode;
(c) an electrolyte into which said anode and said cathode are
immersed.
15. A storage battery as in claim 14 wherein said cathode is an
oxygen-nickel cathode.
16. A storage battery as in claim 14, wherein said electrolyte is
an alkaline solution containing zincates, stannates, aluminates, fluoric
sodium, or potash, or combinations thereof.
17. An energy plant, comprising:
(a) a chemical current source according to claim 11; and
(b) a storage battery according to claim 14, said anode of said
storage chemical current source being electrically connected
to said anode of said storage battery and said cathode of said
storage chemical current source being electrically connected
to said cathode of said storage battery.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU50980/93A AU5098093A (en) | 1992-09-04 | 1993-09-01 | A method of manufacture of a chemical current source |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL103061 | 1992-09-04 | ||
| IL103061A IL103061A0 (en) | 1992-09-04 | 1992-09-04 | Method of manufacture of a chemical current source |
| US97089192A | 1992-11-03 | 1992-11-03 | |
| US07/970,891 | 1992-11-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1994006162A1 true WO1994006162A1 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
Family
ID=26322503
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1993/008194 WO1994006162A1 (en) | 1992-09-04 | 1993-09-01 | A method of manufacture of a chemical current source |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU5098093A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994006162A1 (en) |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3960607A (en) * | 1974-03-08 | 1976-06-01 | National Steel Corporation | Novel aluminum alloy, continuously cast aluminum alloy shapes, method of preparing semirigid container stock therefrom, and container stock thus prepared |
| US4021371A (en) * | 1974-11-29 | 1977-05-03 | Budapesti Muszaki Egyetem | Process for the preparation of metal oxide catalysts and metal oxide supported catalysts |
| US4072516A (en) * | 1975-09-15 | 1978-02-07 | Fiber Materials, Inc. | Graphite fiber/metal composites |
| US4100038A (en) * | 1977-11-08 | 1978-07-11 | M&T Chemicals Inc. | Plating on aluminum alloys |
| US4146678A (en) * | 1976-06-24 | 1979-03-27 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Primary electric cell of the dry cell type |
| US4536259A (en) * | 1982-07-16 | 1985-08-20 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Cathode having high durability and low hydrogen overvoltage and process for the production thereof |
| US4629505A (en) * | 1985-04-02 | 1986-12-16 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum base alloy powder metallurgy process and product |
| US4847048A (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1989-07-11 | Ryobi Limited | Aluminum die-casting alloys |
| US4874578A (en) * | 1987-06-23 | 1989-10-17 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Aluminium alloy for superplastic forming |
| US4935055A (en) * | 1988-01-07 | 1990-06-19 | Lanxide Technology Company, Lp | Method of making metal matrix composite with the use of a barrier |
| US5181969A (en) * | 1990-06-11 | 1993-01-26 | Sky Aluminum Co., Ltd. | Rolled aluminum alloy adapted for superplastic forming and method for making |
-
1993
- 1993-09-01 WO PCT/US1993/008194 patent/WO1994006162A1/en active Application Filing
- 1993-09-01 AU AU50980/93A patent/AU5098093A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3960607A (en) * | 1974-03-08 | 1976-06-01 | National Steel Corporation | Novel aluminum alloy, continuously cast aluminum alloy shapes, method of preparing semirigid container stock therefrom, and container stock thus prepared |
| US4021371A (en) * | 1974-11-29 | 1977-05-03 | Budapesti Muszaki Egyetem | Process for the preparation of metal oxide catalysts and metal oxide supported catalysts |
| US4072516A (en) * | 1975-09-15 | 1978-02-07 | Fiber Materials, Inc. | Graphite fiber/metal composites |
| US4146678A (en) * | 1976-06-24 | 1979-03-27 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Primary electric cell of the dry cell type |
| US4100038A (en) * | 1977-11-08 | 1978-07-11 | M&T Chemicals Inc. | Plating on aluminum alloys |
| US4536259A (en) * | 1982-07-16 | 1985-08-20 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Cathode having high durability and low hydrogen overvoltage and process for the production thereof |
| US4629505A (en) * | 1985-04-02 | 1986-12-16 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum base alloy powder metallurgy process and product |
| US4847048A (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1989-07-11 | Ryobi Limited | Aluminum die-casting alloys |
| US4874578A (en) * | 1987-06-23 | 1989-10-17 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Aluminium alloy for superplastic forming |
| US4935055A (en) * | 1988-01-07 | 1990-06-19 | Lanxide Technology Company, Lp | Method of making metal matrix composite with the use of a barrier |
| US5181969A (en) * | 1990-06-11 | 1993-01-26 | Sky Aluminum Co., Ltd. | Rolled aluminum alloy adapted for superplastic forming and method for making |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5098093A (en) | 1994-03-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1077560A (en) | Lithium electrode for electrical energy storage device | |
| Wang et al. | Research progress of magnesium anodes and their applications in chemical power sources | |
| US4737249A (en) | Electrolytic production of hydrogen | |
| JPH07176323A (en) | Electrolytic solution and negative electrode for li secondary battery | |
| WO2006035961A1 (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte battery | |
| CA1084586A (en) | Negative electrode of lithium, silicon and boron for electrochemical cells | |
| JPH05101846A (en) | Non-aqueous electrolytic secondary battery | |
| EP3229309B1 (en) | Rechargeable aluminum-air electrochemical cell | |
| WO1991006986A1 (en) | Lead alloy battery grids by laser treatment | |
| EP0307209B1 (en) | A battery | |
| CA1126332A (en) | Deferred action battery having an improved depolarizer | |
| CN111575563A (en) | Magnesium alloy and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN113594426A (en) | Surface alloyed metal lithium foil and preparation method thereof, metal lithium cathode and lithium battery | |
| JP2000012016A (en) | Negative electrode for battery and its manufacture | |
| CN110042278A (en) | A kind of aluminium-air cell anode material and preparation method thereof | |
| JP2936217B2 (en) | Method for producing lithium battery and negative electrode carrier thereof | |
| US3098771A (en) | Primary battery cell for high current loads and method of its manufacture | |
| WO1994006162A1 (en) | A method of manufacture of a chemical current source | |
| US9263742B2 (en) | Negative electrode active substance for lithium secondary battery and method for producing same | |
| US3236690A (en) | Rechargeable alkaline cell and liquid phase-containing amalgam anode therefor | |
| CN109244442A (en) | A kind of porous anodized aluminum and aluminium-air cell | |
| CN108321398A (en) | A kind of anode and preparation method of aluminium fuel cell | |
| JPS63308868A (en) | Secondary cell | |
| JPH06310125A (en) | Negative electrode for lithium secondary battery | |
| US3132971A (en) | Compact type high-power battery |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT AU BB BG BR BY CA CH CZ DE DK ES FI GB HU JP KP KR KZ LK MN MW NL NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SK UA VN |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
| DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: CA |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |