WO1994003881A1 - Fire detection system - Google Patents
Fire detection system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994003881A1 WO1994003881A1 PCT/GB1993/001653 GB9301653W WO9403881A1 WO 1994003881 A1 WO1994003881 A1 WO 1994003881A1 GB 9301653 W GB9301653 W GB 9301653W WO 9403881 A1 WO9403881 A1 WO 9403881A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alarm
- control unit
- detection
- unit
- detection units
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
- G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
- G08B25/10—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using wireless transmission systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
- G08B25/002—Generating a prealarm to the central station
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
- G08B25/007—Details of data content structure of message packets; data protocols
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fire detection and alarm system, and in particular to a system of the type comprising several detector units in different locations linked to a central control unit.
- Fire alarm systems for use on anything other than the smallest domestic scale in general need a central control unit to monitor the state of the different detectors, to control the activation of the alarm sounders, and to provide an indication of the location of a detected fire. Conventionally it has been necessary to provide wiring running from the detectors to the control unit and from the control unit to the alarm sounders.
- Each detector is provided with a radio transmitter and transmits a coded signal to the control unit when a fire is detected.
- radio links for the alarm sounders in view of the difficulty of designing the sounders as stand-alone units.
- it is essential that a sounder has adequate power available to sustain an alarm state when appropriate. This places tight constraints on the power budget available for the operation of a sounder designed as a stand-alone unit.
- a fire detection system comprises a multiplicity of integrated alarm/detection units arranged to be mounted in different locations, and a control unit arranged to transmit and receive radio signals to and from the alarm/detection units, each alarm/detection unit comprising a fire sensor alarm means for generating an audible or visible alarm signal, a local control processor connected in common to the sensor and the alarm means, a radio transceiver connected to the local control processor, and a battery power supply for the unit,
- control processor being arranged to switch ON in a predetermined time slot, and when ON to switch between an idle mode and an active mode, the processor when in the active mode transmitting to the control unit data indicative of the operational status of the alarm/detection unit.
- the present invention provides a fire detection system capable of totally wire-less operation. This is made possible by an arrangement in which the detection and alarm units are integrated in a single housing sharing a common power supply, and controlled by a common control processor.
- the control processor is powered up only when a predetermined communication time slot occurs, or when, e.g., smoke is detected. During the short power-ON time, the control processor is switched between ACTIVE and IDLE states, reducing the operating power required. Once certain operations have been initiated by the processor, it can switch to the low power IDLE state until the operation is complete. While the processor is ON it "reports" back to the control unit on the status of both the fire detection unit, the alarm, and the associated power supply.
- each of the multiplicity of alarm/detection units is arranged to turn ON and to transmit to the control unit in a different predetermined time slot, and the control unit is arranged to identify transmission from different units on the basis of different respective time slots.
- control unit is arranged to transmit regularly a synchronising signal to the alarm/detection units, the alarm/detection units timing their return transmissions to the control unit in response to the synchronising signal.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram showing schematically the components of the system
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the central control unit
- Figure 3 is a block diagram showing an alarm/detection unit.
- a fire detection and alarm system comprises a central control unit 1 and a number of detector/alarm units 2.
- the alarm/detection units 2 incorporate an ionisation detector which responds to the presence of smoke, and a sounder arranged to provide an audible alarm.
- Stand-alone sounders 3 and alarm call-points 4 are also provided.
- the control unit 1, alarm/detection units 2 , sounders 3 and call-points 4 each incorporate radio transceivers.
- the system carries out two main functions. Firstly, the control unit 1 continually monitors the status of the different components of the system to ensure that they are all functioning reliably and/or to generate an appropriate fault indication when a component failure is detected. Secondly, when an alarm condition, such as the presence of smoke, is detected then the control panel receives data indicating the alarm condition from the relevant detection unit, and generates and transmits control signals to initiate the sounding of the alarm.
- the unit has a housing of 120 mm diameter and 90 mm depth.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing schematically the structure of the central control unit 1.
- the operation of the unit is controlled by a microprocessor 5.
- the programme for the microprocessor 5 is stored in a socketed EPROM 6.
- Dedicated regions of memory are also provided for system information 7 and to store information 8.
- the microprocessor 5 communicates data from the other components of the system via radio transceiver modules 9,10.
- the modules are duplicated to ensure that if one module fails, the control unit can still function using the other module.
- the radio modules operate at a frequency in the present example of 173.225 MHz transmitting and receiving FSK encoded digital data. Data is communicated between the microprocessor 5 and the coders/decoders of the radio modules 9,10 at a rate of 600 Baud.
- the maximum transmission power from each radio module is 10 mW with the normal operational power being 1 mW.
- the control unit incorporates RS232C communication ports for connection to maintenance equipment.
- a printer port 12 is also provided.
- a key pad 13 comprises keys for the following functions:
- a liquid crystal display 14 is mounted on the housing of the control unit and is used to provide the user with data such as fire location, fault location, maintenance information, and date and time. Separate illuminated coloured numeric indicators are provided in addition, with one colour indicating the number of a sensor reporting a fault and another colour indicating the number of a sensor reporting a fire.
- the control unit is powered by a sealed lead acid battery charged continuously from the mains using a conventional constant voltage charging circuit.
- the control unit incorporates a local sounder 15 which provides a low level audible output when it is operating for warnings.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the structure of a sensor unit.
- the unit incorporates both a sensor 16 and a sounder 17 mounted in a single housing.
- a control circuit 18 monitors the output of the sensor 16 and, when appropriate, outputs a control signal to drive the sounder 17. Data is communicated between the control circuit 18 and a radio transceiver module 19.
- the structure of the module 19 is shown in greater detail in Figure 3.
- Common control logic and switching logic is used for both the transmitter and receiver stages.
- the switching logic controls crystal oscillators 21,22 formed in the RX and TX stages. Only one of the oscillators is normally on at a time, again reducing the power consumption. This is possible because with the use of time slots, there is generally no need for a fast change-over from RX to TX. During an ALARM state however a fast change-over is required, and so then both oscillators are powered.
- the receiver and the switching circuit are both devices manufactured by Philips with product numbers SL6649 and NE630 respectively.
- the processor 20 incorporates an oscillator formed by a ceramic resonator which gives a greatly reduced settling time. This facilitates a much faster program start on power-up with a consequent saving in power, as described in further detail below.
- the sensor unit is powered by four AA batteries via a DC-DC convertor which converts the voltage up to a level of 5 volts.
- a microprocessor operating at 3 volts may be used, and the output of the DC-DC convertor adjusted accordingly. In practice then the output from the convertor is likely to be set to a value from 3 to 5.5 volts.
- the batteries are capable of operating the sounder for a period of at least 1.5 hours on a minimum of two occasions before becoming exhausted.
- the microprocessor 20 in the control circuit 18 regularly monitors the condition of the batteries.
- a number of bits switches associated with the microprocessor 20 are used to configure the unit and select optional functions. The bit switches are also used to set a unique identifying number for the unit.
- a clock circuit "wakes up" the microprocessor 20 on a regular basis to perform fire detection and maintenance activities. At other times the control circuit 18 and transceiver 19 remain in an idle state in which power consumption is minimised.
- One of the functions of the microprocessor 20 is to control the power transmission level of the transceiver to the minimum required for reliable communication.
- any one of a number of conventional transducers may be used for the sensor 16. Possible transducer types include standard dual ionisation chambers, optical detectors, heat rate of rise detectors and temperature level detectors.
- the units incorporated in the system may include stand-alone sounders housing a loud audible generator capable of exceeding 85 dB at three metres.
- a radio module similar to that described for the detector/alarm units receives commands from the control unit and transmits back to the control unit details of any fault conditions.
- the system has four possible states:
- the front panel of the control unit will indicate its current status.
- control panel will be functioning correctly with power available from the mains to charge the internal batteries. All of the detectors, break glass switches, sounders etc. will be sending confirmation that they are functioning correctly.
- a fault condition can be initiated by any of the detectors, break glass switches, sounders etc. or by the control panel itself.
- Information regarding the fault will be displayed by the control panel on its LCD display.
- the information will include a description of the fault, which zone the faulty unit is in and the location of the faulty unit. This information will be time stamped and added to the computers log.
- Any fault detector will also have its identification number displayed on a yellow numeric display.
- a fire alarm can be initiated by one or more detectors or break glass switches.
- the audible alarm will sound in the activated unit immediately if it is enabled, and an alarm state will be broadcast by its radio transmitter.
- the control panel will give an audible warning and display the location of the fire on the LCD panel.
- the identification number of the detector which is transmitting the alarm will be displayed on a red numeric indicator.
- the control panel will transmit an alarm condition to the essential sounders for immediate operation and will set each of the detectors to a pre-alarm state.
- the individual detectors will remain in a self-timed pre-alarm condition for five minutes before standing down. During the five minute period an evacuate command can be initiated from the control panel which will cause the sounders within each of the detectors to operate.
- control panel continues to transmit an alarm signal after the five minute period then the detectors will again be polled to the pre-alarm state.
- the silence alarm switch on the control panel can be operated at any time and will deactivate all sounders operating at that point in time. It will also cancel the pre-alarm transmission.
- a maintenance mode can be initiated from the control panel, which will transmit a code to each of the detectors.
- each detector When the full maintenance state has been established by each detector, they will perform a special routine to enable each detector to be tested with a smoke generator. Whilst in this mode the detector will give an intermittent local alarm to confirm that it has received the communication from the control panel and has detected the smoke.
- a time slot will be allocated to each detector.
- a synchronising signal will be transmitted to the detectors by the control panel.
- each detector As each detector reaches its allocated time slot it will send its report. Should an alarm condition be received, the detector will respond to the alarm transmissions appropriately.
- Each time frame starts with a base station timing transmission. This is received by each of the units in the system which then synchronise to that transmission to ensure synchronous operation with the central control unit.
- the 24 second timing frame is based on a structure of sub-frames of 0.75 seconds length.
- the time slots for transmissions by individual units to the central control unit occupy the first 0.4 seconds of this sub-frame. This is followed by a slot for the transmission of a fire alarm signal from any unit, followed by a slot for transmission by a repeater of a fire alarm signal, then a slot for an acknowledgement transmission from the control unit and finally a slot for an acknowledgement from the repeater to one of the alarm/detection units.
- slots are provided for up to 240 detectors divided into 15 zones of 16 detectors each numbered 0-15. Since the more distant detectors may be too far for direct transmission/reception from the central control unit, a repeater unit (21) may be used to receive and transmit on signals to and from those detectors. Accordingly slots are provided within the timing frame for transmissions by the repeater.
- the repeaters perform the function of extending the range of the radio, by effectively repeating any Control Station message and alarm/detector unit replies.
- the alarm/ detector unit replies are stored in the repeater, and communicated together in a coded format, to reduce the power-on time of the repeater and reduce communication activity. This coded information is transmitted the next time the repeater transmits a repeat SYNC message from the Control Unit. This message is therefore communicating information in both directions, a SYNC message out to the alarm/detector units and alarm/detector replies (fault codes etc.) back to the Control Unit.
- Each detection unit incorporates a real-time clock which is synchronised to the transmissions from the central control unit as already described.
- the detection unit remains with the power to the microprocessor turned OFF until its allotted time slot in the 24 second time frame is reached.
- the microprocessor in the detection unit determines the status of the different elements of the unit, and generates a fault code which is transmitted back to the central control unit.
- the microprocessor switches into an IDLE mode.
- the given unit then switches its microprocessor OFF.
- the fault code may indicate any one of a range of states including DETECTOR NORMAL, TIMING BATTERY LOW, TIMING BATTERY FAIL, DETECTOR TEST FAIL, RADIO FAILURE, ALERT STATE or ALARM STATE.
- the unit Normally, after the end of its allotted time slot, the unit remains with most of its circuits, including the microprocessor, powered-down, for the remainder of the 24 second time frame. If however at any time the sensor detects and alarm condition, such as the presence of smoke, then this triggers the immediate return of the unit to the active state. The unit then transmits an alarm code back to the central unit in the next fire transmission slot, one fire transmission slot being provided in each of the 0.75 second sub-frames.
- the transmission of alarm codes is essentially asynchronous. However, since the times at which the different units power-up and perform a fire detection test are arranged to be different, depending on the identification number of the unit, then only a limited number of units should try to communicate an alarm condition within each time slot.
- Each unit listens before transmitting, checking that the time slots are free. The units each wait a different set time before transmitting and this staggered start further reduces the likelihood of radio communication clashes. If as a result of a clash or otherwise the transmission is not clearly received or decoded, then the base station does not generate the appropriate alarm acknowledgement code. In this case the or each detection/alarm unit will repeat the alarm code, until it is successfully received and an appropriately addressed acknowledgement signal is received.
- control panel will subsequently transmit control signals to individual detectors either to cause the detector unit to operate its in-built sounder or to set the unit to a pre-alarm state.
- Table 1 below is, for the sake of clarity, split in two parts.
- Table la shows the portion of each sub-frame from 0 to 0.4 seconds and table lb shows the remainder of each sub-frame extending to 0.75 seconds - the subframe duration. The duration of the entire frame is 24 seconds.
- Tables 2a to 2i show the format of transmissions between the different elements of the system.
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Fire Alarms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU47213/93A AU4721393A (en) | 1992-08-06 | 1993-08-05 | Fire detection system |
GB9501988A GB2283847B (en) | 1992-08-06 | 1993-08-05 | Fire detection system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB929216701A GB9216701D0 (en) | 1992-08-06 | 1992-08-06 | Fire detection system |
GB9216701.4 | 1992-08-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994003881A1 true WO1994003881A1 (en) | 1994-02-17 |
Family
ID=10719920
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1993/001653 WO1994003881A1 (en) | 1992-08-06 | 1993-08-05 | Fire detection system |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU4721393A (en) |
GB (2) | GB9216701D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994003881A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2283847A (en) | 1995-05-17 |
AU4721393A (en) | 1994-03-03 |
GB9501988D0 (en) | 1995-03-22 |
GB2283847B (en) | 1996-02-07 |
GB9216701D0 (en) | 1992-09-23 |
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