WO1992022782A1 - Munition - Google Patents

Munition Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992022782A1
WO1992022782A1 PCT/AU1992/000246 AU9200246W WO9222782A1 WO 1992022782 A1 WO1992022782 A1 WO 1992022782A1 AU 9200246 W AU9200246 W AU 9200246W WO 9222782 A1 WO9222782 A1 WO 9222782A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
canister
barrel
cap
ammunition
ammunition according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1992/000246
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Cameron Thomson
Anthony John Scolaro
Original Assignee
Australian Defence Industries Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Australian Defence Industries Ltd. filed Critical Australian Defence Industries Ltd.
Publication of WO1992022782A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992022782A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/58—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles
    • F42B12/62—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles the submissiles being ejected parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile
    • F42B12/64—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles the submissiles being ejected parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile the submissiles being of shot- or flechette-type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ammunition and more particularly, but not exclusively, to ammunition for tanks.
  • ammunition for firing from the barrel of a gun comprising a canister containing pellets or other fragmentary material, and means for admitting propellant gas into the casing during firing whereby to permit a build-up of internal pressure within the canister during passage along the barrel, said canister having predetermined zones of weakness, the configuration being such that the structural integrity of the canister is maintained whilst moving through the barrel and after leaving the barrel the canister starts to break up at the zones of weakness under the internal gas pressure whereby to effect dispersal of the fragmentary material.
  • the ammunition includes a sealing ring rotatably mounted on the canister in order to provide a gas seal with the surface of the barrel without inducing substantial spin to the canister.
  • the canister is formed by a tubular body closed at its forward end by a cap and at its rear end by a base, the base preferably including orifices to permit propellant gas to bleed into the interior of the body.
  • the body is formed with zones of weakness which permit the body to separate into discrete longitudinal strips on breaking up.
  • a connection between the cap and the body defines a zone of weakness which is designed to ensure that the cap breaks away from the body at the start of break-up of the canister, followed by breaking up of the body by separation and dispersal of the discrete longitudinal strips. This configuration provides dispersal of the fragmentary material in a concentrated cone starting at a position forwardly of the barrel.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation partially in section showing ammunition in accordance with the preferred embodiment and consisting of a canister attached to the forward end of a propellant case;
  • Figure 2 is a side elevation partially in section of the canister
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal section through the canister but showing the canister at a stage during manufacture -while it is open at its front end prior to loading with pellets;
  • Figure 4 is a transverse section through the body of the canister prior to loading with pellets.
  • the ammunition in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention is designed for use in a tank gun or other large calibre ordnance and comprises a canister 2 packed with pellets such as cylindrical metal pellets.
  • the canister 2 is designed to remain intact whilst moving through the barrel and does not start to break up until shortly after the canister 2 has left the barrel.
  • the construction of the canister ensures that the pellets are dispersed in a concentrated conical formation starting from approximately 5 metres in front of the barrel.
  • the ammunition comprises the canister 2 mounted at the forward end of a standard case or cartridge 4 containing a primer 6, and a propellant charge.
  • the canister 2 comprises a tubular metal body 8 closed at its forward end by a cap 10 and at its rear end by a base 12.
  • the body 8 is filled with cylindrical metal pellets 13 arranged in layers.
  • the manner in which the body 8 cooperates with the base 12 is shown in detail in Figure 2.
  • the base 12, which is preferably of steel, has at its forward end an annular rebate -which receives the rear end of the tubular body 8 so that the external surface of the tubular body 8 is flush with the external surface of the base 12.
  • a shallow annular groove 14 is provided towards the rear end of the base 12 to permit attachment of the canister 2 to the case 4 by swaging of the forward end of the case 4 into the annular groove 14.
  • a larger annular groove 16 of rectangular section forwardly of the swaging groove 14 serves to receive an obturator ring 18 ⁇ which provides a gas seal against the interior surface of the barrel.
  • the base 12 is of cup-like configuration open towards the rear.
  • the forward wall of the cup-shaped base 12 is pierced by a series of orifices 20 (three orifices in the example shown) in order to permit bleeding of propellant gas through the base 12 into the interior of the canister on firing in order to permit a build-up of internal pressure within the canister which facilitates breaking up of the canister after it has left the barrel.
  • the obturator ring 18 which fits within the rectangular section groove
  • the obturator ring 18 is able to spin within the groove 16.
  • the ring 18 is formed of a material which is capable of providing a gas seal but is such that it does not bind within the annular groove 16.
  • the ring 18 On firing, the ring 18 will engage within the rifling but will spin within the groove. Although friction between the ring 18 and the groove 16 will cause some spinning of the canister, the spin rate will be comparatively low, typically around 2,500 r.p.m.
  • the ring 18 is applied to the base 12 after assembly of the canister and is formed as a split ring with an oblique split in order to ensure that a gas seal is established even in the zone of the split.
  • the avoidance of a high spin rate by use of the ring -which spins within the groove 16 contributes to the maintenance of the structural integrity of the canister during its passage through the barrel, by avoiding the consequent generation of high centrifugal forces which could cause breakage of the canister within the barrel.
  • the spin rate of the canister would be of the order of 2,500 r.p.m. in contrast to a spin rate of around 25,000 r.p.m. or more for a conventional shell fired from a tank gun.
  • the canister of the preferred embodiment of the invention is intended for short range use with dispersion over a relatively wide area and hence does not require a high spin rate which would be necessary for long range accuracy for a conventional shell.
  • the material from which the ring 18 is made should be a low friction material.
  • the ring must also have stability in size over a long period of time and over a wide temperature and humidity range.
  • the specific material must also not become brittle with age.
  • the material must also be such that it does not extrude onto the surface of the barrel under the heat and pressures generated on firing of the propellant charge.
  • Ammunition of this type may be kept in storage over a period of years and it is essential that the characteristics of the ring are maintained throughout the specified storage life of the amm * uniti ⁇ n.
  • Grades of nylon have been found suitable for the ring.
  • Nylon 11 produced by Aquitaine Total Organo under the trade mark "RILSAN BMN P20" has been found to be particularly satisfactory. It is envisaged, however, that there may also be other plastics materials which will possess the required characteristics.
  • the forward end of the body 8 is closed by the cap 10 which may be fabricated from a suitable plastics material such as nylon, the forward end of the body 8 being received within an annular rebate at the rear end of the cap 10 so that the body 8 is flush with the circumferential surface of the cap 10.
  • the construction of the canister is such that its structural integrity is maintained whilst within the barrel, but shortly after leaving the barrel the canister starts to break up under the internal gas pressure to effect dispersion of the pellets.
  • the breaking up of the canister occurs in a relatively controlled manner and is achieved by incorporating zones of weakness within the tubular body 8 itself and also at the areas of connection of the body 8 to the cap 10 and the base 12.
  • a welded connection of the body 8 to the base 12 by electron beam welding as described previously provides a welded connection of a determined and repeatable strength and -which can therefore be set to provide a strength of connection -which can be controlled in order to form a zone of weakness at the rear end of the body 8.
  • connection between the body 8 and the cap 10 is provided by mechanical fasteners in the form of blind rivets 24 circumferentially arranged around the forward end of the body 8.
  • This form of riveted connection also provides a zone of relative weakness at the forward end of the body 8.
  • the strength of the connection at the forward end of the body 8 is such as to withstand the build-up of internal gas pressure while the canister is within the barrel, but it starts to break shortly after the canister leaves the barrel to permit removal of the cap 10 and hence dispersal of the pellets.
  • cap 10 The construction of the cap 10 and its method of attachment to the body 8 is capable of variation ⁇ within the scope of the invention.
  • a seal is provided between the cap 10 and the body 8.
  • the seal is in the form of a sealing disk assembly 26 having a forward end face abutting against the base wall of the cap 10 and a peripheral edge in contact -with the internal surface of the body 8.
  • the sealing disk assembly 26 is of sandwich construction comprising two outer disks 26a of metal and an inner disk 26b of a suitable synthetic rubber or plastics sealing material such as neoprene.
  • the sealing disk assembly 26 is interposed between the base wall of the cap 10 and the packing of pellets 13 within the body 8.
  • the pellets 13 are packed within the body in layers and the construction of the sealing disk assembly 26 provides a degree of compressibility axially of the body 8. This compressibility can be used to compensate for slight variations in pellet length when loading in order to ensure that the pellets are tightly held within the body 8 and also that a substantial gas seal is provided at the forward end of the body 8 between the body 8 and the cap 10.
  • the body 8 itself is also constructed with specific zones of weakness in order to achieve breaking up of the body in a relatively controlled manner shortly after discharge from the barrel.
  • the zones of weakness in the body are provided by constructing the body from a number of part-cylindrical abutting segments 8a ( Figures 3 and 4) ⁇ which are connected by internal metal strips 8b which overlap the zone of each abutting joint and which are spot welded to the segments 8a at each side of the abutting joint.
  • the body 8 is composed of three part-cylindrical segments 8a but this is not critical and the body could be composed of four or more such segments in order to vary the manner in -which the body breaks up after discharge from the barrel.
  • the strength of the spot welded connection between each connecting strip 8b and the part cylindrical segments is an important factor in determining the overall strength of the body.
  • the strength of the connection is a factor of the number of spot welds and also the spacing between spot welds and the strength of the body can be relatively easily controlled and, if necessary varied, simply by altering these factors and this does permit relatively straightforward "fine tuning" in design in order to provide the required dispersal characteristics of the pellets.
  • This form of construction is able to provide consistency in the predictability of the break ⁇ up characteristics of the body so that consistent pellet dispersal characteristics can be obtained for the ammunition.
  • the necessary strength can be obtained by fabricating the part-cylindrical segments 8a and also the connecting strips 8b from mild steel.
  • the above means is of advantage as it provides a relatively inexpensive means of construction with zones of weakness which will permit break-up in a predictable way and with the facility for relatively easy variation of the strength of the zones of weakness.
  • the structural integrity of the canister is maintained while the canister is moving through the barrel after firing. During this phase, internal gas pressure builds up within the canister by bleeding of the propellant gas through the orifices 20 in the base 12. After discharge from the barrel, the canister starts to break up under the effects of the gas pressure.
  • breaking up of the canister commences at the front end of the canister by separation of the cap 10 from the body 8.
  • the circumferential zone of weakness created at the front end of the canister by means of the riveted connection between the cap 10 and the body 8 and which is significantly weaker than the connection between the body 8 and the base 12 ensures that this occurs.
  • the individual part-cylindrical segments 8a forming the body 8 then start to fold or peel in an outwards direction and then separate at their rear ends from the base 12.
  • the separation of the segments 8a from the base 12 is of importance because the maintenance of a connection between the segments 8a and the base 12 would result in the segments 8a confining the pellets 13 and hence impeding the dispersion of the pellets 13 over a sufficient cone angle.
  • the connection of the segments 8a to the base 12 by electron beam welding provides a dete-rminable strength of the connection between the segments 8a and the base 12 and which is repeatable from canister to canister. This welding technique also avoids distortion of the components during welding and hence avoids the necessity of any subsequent machining.
  • an effective anti-personnel ammunition can be obtained by designing the strength characteristics of the canister to effect dispersion of the pellets in a cone ⁇ mmencing about five metres beyond the barrel and over a cone angle of around 10 °.
  • Ammunition in accordance with the invention designed for use with a 105mm tank gun has been found to be effective at up to 300 metres.
  • the ammunition provides a very effective anti-personnel function and can be used to protect tanks against massed infantry attack as discharge of the ammunition towards a friendly tank will not penetrate the armour of the tank itself.
  • the ammunition would however be effective against soft skinned vehicles such as trucks.
  • the ammunition is also effective in clearing barbed wire to provide a path through the wire- for tanks or infantry and is effective against foliage in order to defoliate an area of dense foliage.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Une munition pouvant être tirée à partir du tube d'un canon, tel qu'un canon de char, par exemple, comprend une enveloppe métallique (2) contenant des couches de pastilles (13). Le corps (8) de l'enveloppe (2) demeure intact lorsqu'il traverse le canon et se brise peu après être soti du canon, de sorte que les pastilles sont déchargées sur une zone conique. Le corps (8) se brise sous l'accumulation de la pression de gaz interne au cours du tir, le corps (8) comprenant des zones prédéterminées plus faibles garantissant une configuration de cassure prédéterminée.
PCT/AU1992/000246 1991-06-13 1992-05-29 Munition WO1992022782A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPK6631 1991-06-13
AUPK663191 1991-06-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992022782A1 true WO1992022782A1 (fr) 1992-12-23

Family

ID=3775464

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1992/000246 WO1992022782A1 (fr) 1991-06-13 1992-05-29 Munition

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0588985A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2111359A1 (fr)
TR (1) TR26966A (fr)
WO (1) WO1992022782A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2699659A1 (fr) * 1992-12-18 1994-06-24 Giat Ind Sa Dispositif de liaison cisaillable entre un tronçon avant et un tronçon arrière d'une munition.

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1388503A (en) * 1919-02-04 1921-08-23 Newton D Baker Canister
GB550001A (en) * 1941-07-16 1942-12-17 Lewis Motley Improvements in or relating to ordnance projectiles
US3059578A (en) * 1956-08-29 1962-10-23 Edward N Hegge Projectile for multimissile ammunition
US3508493A (en) * 1968-10-24 1970-04-28 Us Navy Dynamic warhead fragment
FR2269702A2 (en) * 1971-06-18 1975-11-28 Alsetex Multiple casing for anti personnel shell - has steel casing reinforced by balls embedded in resin layer
FR2619900A1 (fr) * 1987-08-26 1989-03-03 Stribling Gerald Projectile non explosif pour la lutte contre les cibles legeres
US4936217A (en) * 1987-12-04 1990-06-26 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Splinter body for fragmentation projectile

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1388503A (en) * 1919-02-04 1921-08-23 Newton D Baker Canister
GB550001A (en) * 1941-07-16 1942-12-17 Lewis Motley Improvements in or relating to ordnance projectiles
US3059578A (en) * 1956-08-29 1962-10-23 Edward N Hegge Projectile for multimissile ammunition
US3508493A (en) * 1968-10-24 1970-04-28 Us Navy Dynamic warhead fragment
FR2269702A2 (en) * 1971-06-18 1975-11-28 Alsetex Multiple casing for anti personnel shell - has steel casing reinforced by balls embedded in resin layer
FR2619900A1 (fr) * 1987-08-26 1989-03-03 Stribling Gerald Projectile non explosif pour la lutte contre les cibles legeres
US4936217A (en) * 1987-12-04 1990-06-26 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Splinter body for fragmentation projectile

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0588985A4 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2699659A1 (fr) * 1992-12-18 1994-06-24 Giat Ind Sa Dispositif de liaison cisaillable entre un tronçon avant et un tronçon arrière d'une munition.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2111359A1 (fr) 1992-12-23
TR26966A (tr) 1994-09-12
EP0588985A1 (fr) 1994-03-30
EP0588985A4 (fr) 1994-03-24

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