WO1992005612A1 - Generateur photovoltaïque pour l'eclairage d'aeroports - Google Patents

Generateur photovoltaïque pour l'eclairage d'aeroports Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992005612A1
WO1992005612A1 PCT/IT1991/000077 IT9100077W WO9205612A1 WO 1992005612 A1 WO1992005612 A1 WO 1992005612A1 IT 9100077 W IT9100077 W IT 9100077W WO 9205612 A1 WO9205612 A1 WO 9205612A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
command
power supply
unit
remote
photovoltaic system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT1991/000077
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eucherio Bricca
Giovanni Corsini
Edoardo Langiocola
Renato Scrimaglio
Pieralberto Zavattari
Original Assignee
Italsolar S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Italsolar S.P.A. filed Critical Italsolar S.P.A.
Publication of WO1992005612A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992005612A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/19—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a photovoltaic system for airport lighting.
  • the present invention relates to a system of said type, which is particularly suitable for minor airports, or anyway airports situated in areas difficult to be reached by the traditional electric power distribution systems and, in any case, without a lighting system which enables the night flying operations, or the daytime flying operations under conditions of visibility under the minimum values allowed by the enforceable regulations.
  • the solution proposed according to the present invention was studied in particular in order to meet the requirements of the airports of the above cited type, aiming at providing a lighting system which, besides showing the advantages deriving from the use of a renewable energy source, constitutes, as compared to the solutions known from the prior art, an improvement and an innovation from system engineering and functional viewpoints.
  • this system is that it is constituted, as a whole, by a plurality of independent lighting systems, each of which is designed to light one individual lighting unit, viz. "fire", without that any connecting cables have to be provided between the individual "fires" and the central control module.
  • the solution proposed according to the present invention makes it possible a lighting system to be accomplished with very simple installations, and which is particularly advantageous in terms of reliability.
  • the structure of the lighting system according to the present invention makes it possible said system to be also used in all those cases in which providing a fixed system is not desired, beacuse the lighting units can be simply put to the ground, and in order to be able to easily remove them at a later time.
  • the system according to the invention is not subject to blackout risks.
  • a photovoltaic lighting system which comprises a central remote command/control unit installed inside the building of the control tower or in another suitable building, which central units governs, by a radio transmission system, a plurality of power supply units, each of which is constituted by a power supply/accumulator system substantially comprising one or more photovoltaic modules, an accumulator battery and a charge regulator; by a power supply module, and by one or more lighting lamps of suitable type and colour for airport signalling.
  • a specific object of the present invention is a photovoltaic systems for airport lighting, which comprises at least one lighting unit which comprises one or more photovoltaic modules, an accumulator battery, a charge regulator, a power supply/command module, and one or more lighting lamps; and a central remote command/control unit, installed in the control tower or in another, suitable building; with said power supply/command module comprising, in its turn, a constant-current power supply unit with a stabilized current output, for the lamps, a central microprocessor unit which controls the internal electric functions and performs the tasks of power supply unit remote command and remote control, and a first transmitter, the maximum transmitting range of which is of approximately 5000 metres and which is capable of transmitting within a frequency band and at frequency values as assigned by the cognizant Authorities; with said central remote command/control unit being constituted, in its turn, by a second transceiver capable of connecting with said first transceiver, and a command/control data processor.
  • said photovoltaic modules are of impermeable type, even in a marine environment.
  • the central microprocessor unit of said power supply/command module is constituted in CMOS technology and comprises a CPU, a program/RAM memory, a serial, bidirectional interface for telecommunications, a first parallel interface for inputting the MAC operating status and a second parallel interface, for command output.
  • said first parallel interface controls the operating status of the power supply/command module and the regulation level of the lamps.
  • the second parallel interface controls, in its turn, the switching on/switching off of the lamps, the intensity regulation and the selection of the internal statuses.
  • the RAM contains a self-diagnostic program, a program for the periodic measurement of the internal status of the module and a protocol for data transfer from/to the transceiver.
  • said central remote command/control unit comprises a data processor performing command/control tasks, which consists of a central processor unit, a reading unit for reading the support on which the system software is stored, a printer and a video console with alphanumeric keyboard.
  • the lighting lamps may be white-, yellow-, green-, red-, blue-colour lamps, as provided by I.C.A.O. International rules, which govern the airport facilities for runways, taxiways, parking areas, fixed- lights areas for heliport operations, fixed or flashing lighting by yellow or red Lamps in airport facilities, in all indoor and outdoor areas, such as lamps signalling obstacles falling within the approach cones and in areas in which the airport/heliport IFR instrument procedure is applicable.
  • a command device for said central remote command/control unit can be installed on board of the aircrafts, for the direct actuation of the lighting system.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a lighting unit of the lighting facility according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the power supply/command module
  • Figure 3 is a block flow chart of the program for managing the power supply/command module.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 show the single and double power supply of the power supply/command module.
  • a lighting unit which comprises a pair of photovoltaic modules, a charge regulator 2, an accumulator battery 3 and a lamp 4.
  • MAC power supply/command module
  • brackets made from structure anodized aluminum, suitable for being positioned along the edges of the module.
  • the bracket anchoring slots are centered along parallel lines at distances of (912 ⁇ 1.5) mm and (392 ⁇ 1.5), respectively, for the Long side and the short side of the module
  • the maximum difference between the rated and the actual values of the various characteristics is of ⁇ 5%.
  • the polarities are indelibly marked inside the box and on its outer wall, with red colour and black colour being respectively used to mark the positive and negative poles.
  • Inside the box there are installed quick-snap connectors of unipolar AMP type for outdoor installation with mechanical polarization, or bushings with cable fasteners.
  • the RAM of microprocessor 6 compri ses:
  • the latter is programmed to receive the CTC of an identification code, followed by a remote command message.
  • the MAC After recognizing the code, the MAC returns, as its reply, its own identification code, and then the information about its internal status.
  • the protocol is programmed to allow for the exchange of information to be repeated and the transaction to be validated only if the information is unchanged. In case of unsuccessful transmission, the trial is repeated twice. In case of repeated unsuccessful transmission, the lamp is switched off by default. Each MAC is queried periodically.
  • the transceiver 7 uses a channel on such frequency band and transmission frequency as authorized by the cognizant Department of Post Office, on considering, from time to time, the operating radi of requency conditions already existing in the airport area in which the photovoltaic lighting system in question should be installed.
  • the input quantities are:
  • the output quantities are:
  • the communication with the main unit (CTC) takes place through a channel on a frequency band assigned by the cognizant Authority, with the following protocol:
  • the MAC is normally waiting for a command, which can be one from the following:
  • Available memory for measurements is of 8,192 bytes and enables 512 measurement blocks to be saved, for a total of approximately 43 hours of standalone operations.
  • the second character represents the addressed MAC group: for example, the character "P" represents the group.
  • the "#” character ($23) is the indication for al groups.
  • Tnis character can be a whatever character if the preceding character is :
  • the MAC which receives a selective command, replies in two distinct ways:
  • command relates to the request for data.
  • the reply is preceded by a Leader consisting of AA characters, for a 2-second delay.
  • Each of the measurement blocks is constited by 16 data.
  • the command relates to a group, or to all groups said command must be repeated, for the sake of safety, within 1 second. In this case, from MAC's no confirmation replies are received.
  • the Last-but-one character represents the command sent to the Lamp power unit, as follows:
  • the last character represents the status of the flags of possible alarms relevant to the measurement range taken into consideration.
  • the MAC performs the measurement of the analog quantities reported in the table, and read at the point indicated in Figures 3 and 4.
  • simple resistive dividers are used, whilst for the measurement of currents, shunt resistors are introduced, so as to have a maximum voltage drop of 200 mV (excluding the measurement of JCI).
  • Each MAC shows the following configuration for check bytes:
  • Each MAC is equipped with 8 dip switches, which enable the identification, as follows:
  • CTC central remote command/control unit
  • the transceiver performs the function of connecting the CTC and the MAC's, and, due to this reason, has the same characteristics as of MAC's.
  • the main program is constituted by an initialization step, which comprises opening the transmission channel, verifying the functionality of modem, re-addressing some routines of management of hardware interrupts, and so forth.
  • step 1 - Call to a "MENU" routine, which allows the operator to select from (presently) 8 avalaible action options:
  • This routine returns the information as to the selected option, or a message warning that a selection has not been performed within a preset maximum time (e.g., 30 seconds).
  • the program carries out the corresponding action (or it does not perform any actions, in case of exit from "MENU” routine due to timeout). We'll see Later on how the above actions are performed,
  • step 2 Execution of program parts dedicated to the management of equipment pieces different from MAC's (such as, e.g., recording data from meteorologic station, etc.);
  • step 3 Check of time elapsed since the last MAC interrogation carried out, or from program starting; if said tine is shorter than the required time period between-pollings (i.e., the "polling time"), then the execution returns back to step 1, otherways it continues to step 4.
  • step 4 - MAC interrogation all MAC's are sequentially requested to send an information string containing data as to the operating status of each of said MAC's.
  • the required time for the whole process to take place may bee too Long in some cases, even with a transmission speed of 1,200 baud. Therefore, the prossibility is provided, for the polling to be discontinued at any time (or, more precisely, with a delay time of approximately 10 seconds), by simply actuating a key, thus going immediately back to step 1, without the time counter being zeroed.
  • the program w i l l set to zero the time count for the determination of the beginning of the subsequent cycle, and will continue the execution o f s t e p 1 .
  • a call to "MENU” makes it possible one from among 5 current Levels to be selected (said selection has usually to be carried out within a determined time limit, otherways the execution of the command is cancelled).
  • the program sends a command string on the transmission channel.
  • the sending of the command string is carried out by means of a call to "tx-cmd" routine, which is described in the following.
  • the program asks the operator which group should be switched on, and at which current level, then sends the corresponding command string.
  • the group, the unit and the lighting current level are requested.
  • the corresponding command is then sent.
  • the program waits for one reply string from the device, and confirms that the command has been correctly received, and the proper execution thereof has been performed; if such a confirmation is not received, the transmission is repeated once more.
  • the operator is asked to enter the relevant information, and the command string is sent; the reply string is expected.
  • MAC interrogation cycles This part of the program is performed either periodically, at prefixed time intervals of one hour, or upon request by the operator, in which case the output is sent to the printer, as well as to the storage disk.
  • each MAC is performed through a call to the polling routine, which sends, through tx- cmd, the query command to the concerned MAC, and receives the reply through the rx-reply routine. From the received data, the polling routine verifies that the reply was really sent by the interrogated MAC; in the negative, or if the received data is wrong, it repeats the interrogation, and then records the report in the mass storage; the date and time of polling starting, the description of the requested action, which may be any from the following two actions:
  • the program restores the status in which the machine was, before the program was started, and terminates the execution.
  • This routine accepts four input parameters:
  • group and unit are used to identify the MAC, or MAC's, to which the command is sent,
  • the "rx-reply” routine manages the reception and check of the reply string from an interrogated MAC. It calls twice consecutively the "rx-str” routine, which actually receives from the communication channel a generic string, delimited by "SYN” and "EOT”; if both strings are received without errors, it verifies that they are equal; if they are not equal, or even one only of them underwent a recaption error, "rx-reply" exits with a set error condition.
  • the "rx-str” routine receives from the communication channel a string of defined length and head and tail delimited by "SYN” and "EOT” respectively. It uses successive calls, or a system function (indicated with “tx-char” in the accompanying flow chart), which manages the reception of the individual characters of the serial channel; such a function also reports a status word indicating the errors occurred during character reception (i.e.: reception buffer empty, parity error, synchronism error, overrun error).
  • the charge regulator 2 performs the task of disconnecting the photovoltaic field from the accumulator batteries 3 when the Latter have reached their maximum charge.
  • the charge status of accumulator batteries 3 is detected by monitoring their voltage values.
  • SUch a method is rather precise if one also takes into account the value of the environmental temperature, in that the charge-end voltage (from 2.35 V to 2.40 V per each element at an electrolyte temperature of 20-25°C) varies with varying environmental temperature.
  • the regulator adopted is of the "series" type, and is completely static.
  • the circuit When the batteries 3 are not at their maximum charge, the circuit enables a static switch (power mosfet), which connects them to the photovoltaic field.
  • a static switch power mosfet
  • the static switch switches off, disconnecting the accumulator batteries from the photovoltaic field.
  • the control circuit takes into account the temperature of the accumulator batteries (as measured through a suitable sensor) and the type of said accumulator batteries. Furthermore, a plurality of regulators can be connected in parallel, with one of them being the master regulator, and the other ones being slave regulators, in order to increase the current values which can be switched.
  • a signal is available for the remote check of the regulator. Said signal is galvanically separated from the regulator circuit. The local check is possible by means of a LED provided on the front paneI.
  • the voltage range of the regulator is of 12 V, 24
  • the current range of is 11 A, 25 A, and can be easily increased, as said, by installing a plurality of regulators in parallel.
  • the regulator can operate within a temperature range of from -20°C to +60°C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un générateur photovoltaïque pour l'éclairage d'aéroports, qui comprend: au moins une unité d'éclairage constituée par un ou plusieurs modules photovoltaïques (1) par une batterie d'accumulateurs (3), par un régulateur de charge (2), par un module d'alimentation/instruction et par une ou plusieurs lampes d'éclairage (4); ainsi qu'une unité centrale de télécommande/téléinstruction installée dans la tour de commande ou dans un autre bâtiment approprié. Le module d'alimentation/instruction comprend, quant à lui, une unité d'alimentation en courant constant (5) avec sortie de courant stabilisée, pour les lampes (4), un microprocesseur central (6) qui commande les fonctions électriques internes et effectue les tâches de télécommande de l'unité d'alimentation et de téléinstruction, et un premier émetteur (7) dont la portée de transmission maximale est d'environ 5000 mètres et qui est capable de transmettre dans la bande de fréquences et aux valeurs de fréquence attribuées par l'autorité compétente. L'unité de téléinstruction/télécommande est constituée, quant à elle, par un second émetteur/récepteur pouvant se connecter au premier émetteur/récepteur (7), et par un processeur de données d'instruction/de commande.
PCT/IT1991/000077 1990-09-19 1991-09-19 Generateur photovoltaïque pour l'eclairage d'aeroports WO1992005612A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT48289A IT1242138B (it) 1990-09-19 1990-09-19 Impanto fotovoltaico per illuminazione aeroportuale
IT48289-A/90 1990-09-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992005612A1 true WO1992005612A1 (fr) 1992-04-02

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ID=11265710

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PCT/IT1991/000077 WO1992005612A1 (fr) 1990-09-19 1991-09-19 Generateur photovoltaïque pour l'eclairage d'aeroports

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU8612091A (fr)
IT (1) IT1242138B (fr)
WO (1) WO1992005612A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993013984A1 (fr) * 1992-01-10 1993-07-22 Guiding Star Pty, Ltd. Systeme d'eclairage de piste d'atterrissage actionne par le pilote
ES2101617A1 (es) * 1993-12-31 1997-07-01 Gonzalez Jose Jorba Cono de señalizacion.
ES2107374A1 (es) * 1995-05-24 1997-11-16 Grupo De Pinturas Ind S A Señalizacion luminosa para calzadas.
ES2112167A1 (es) * 1995-06-27 1998-03-16 Acander S L Sistema de telecontrol y adquisicion de datos aplicable a instalaciones fotovoltaicas.
WO2001018761A1 (fr) * 1999-09-02 2001-03-15 Innovacio Viaria, S.L. Balise de signalisation
EP1771043A1 (fr) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-04 Nortel Networks Limited Procédé d'alimentation d'un dispositif

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU668905B2 (en) * 1992-01-10 1996-05-23 Guiding Star Pty. Ltd. Pilot activated runway lighting system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4201973A (en) * 1978-07-21 1980-05-06 Theodore Jackson Airport landing indicator apparatus
WO1988010529A1 (fr) * 1987-06-15 1988-12-29 Karl Heinz Schnuer Agregat pour clignotant
WO1990004242A1 (fr) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-19 Swedish Airport Technology Hb Supervision et commande de l'eclairage d'un aeroport et des mouvements au sol
EP0385844A1 (fr) * 1989-02-27 1990-09-05 Territoire De La Polynesie Francaise Represente Par Le Ministre De La Mer, De L'equipement, De L'energie Et Des Mines Dispositif de balisage lumineux d'une piste d'atterrissage

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4201973A (en) * 1978-07-21 1980-05-06 Theodore Jackson Airport landing indicator apparatus
WO1988010529A1 (fr) * 1987-06-15 1988-12-29 Karl Heinz Schnuer Agregat pour clignotant
WO1990004242A1 (fr) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-19 Swedish Airport Technology Hb Supervision et commande de l'eclairage d'un aeroport et des mouvements au sol
EP0385844A1 (fr) * 1989-02-27 1990-09-05 Territoire De La Polynesie Francaise Represente Par Le Ministre De La Mer, De L'equipement, De L'energie Et Des Mines Dispositif de balisage lumineux d'une piste d'atterrissage

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ELECTRONICS. vol. 47, no. 4, 21 February 1974, NEW YORK US page 32; 'Battery charger uses solar power' see the whole document *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993013984A1 (fr) * 1992-01-10 1993-07-22 Guiding Star Pty, Ltd. Systeme d'eclairage de piste d'atterrissage actionne par le pilote
ES2101617A1 (es) * 1993-12-31 1997-07-01 Gonzalez Jose Jorba Cono de señalizacion.
ES2107374A1 (es) * 1995-05-24 1997-11-16 Grupo De Pinturas Ind S A Señalizacion luminosa para calzadas.
ES2112167A1 (es) * 1995-06-27 1998-03-16 Acander S L Sistema de telecontrol y adquisicion de datos aplicable a instalaciones fotovoltaicas.
WO2001018761A1 (fr) * 1999-09-02 2001-03-15 Innovacio Viaria, S.L. Balise de signalisation
US6753762B1 (en) 1999-09-02 2004-06-22 Innovacio Viaria Sl Signalling beacon
EP1771043A1 (fr) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-04 Nortel Networks Limited Procédé d'alimentation d'un dispositif

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT9048289A0 (it) 1990-09-19
AU8612091A (en) 1992-04-15
IT1242138B (it) 1994-02-16
IT9048289A1 (it) 1992-03-19

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