WO1992003251A1 - Welding electrodes and method - Google Patents
Welding electrodes and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992003251A1 WO1992003251A1 PCT/AU1991/000374 AU9100374W WO9203251A1 WO 1992003251 A1 WO1992003251 A1 WO 1992003251A1 AU 9100374 W AU9100374 W AU 9100374W WO 9203251 A1 WO9203251 A1 WO 9203251A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- welding
- arc
- sectional area
- cross
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
- B23K9/133—Means for feeding electrodes, e.g. drums, rolls, motors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
Definitions
- This invention relates to welding electrodes and to methods of manufacturing or preparing and using such 5 electrodes in electric arc welding operations.
- the transfer of molten weld metal within a welding arc is primarily influenced by the combined effects of gravity, surface tension and the magnetic pinch effect.
- the object of the present invention to provide a modified welding electrode, and a method of forming same, by means of which the above problems may be substantially ameliorated.
- the modified welding electrode has applications far wider than the specific application described above, and the invention is by no means limited to that application.
- the invention therefore provides a welding electrode which is characterised by a series of reductions in cross-sectional area spaced at selected intervals along the length of the electrode. By forming regions of reduced cross-sectional area in the electrode, the electrode is effectively divided into discrete segments and the reduction in cross- sectional area ensure regular and controlled detachment of weld metal from the electrode.
- the volume of the transferred molten metal is governed by the consumable wire directly, and is independent of the rate of wire feed. This regulates and aids the stable transfer of a given volume of molten weld metal per cycle by means of a simple and easily achieved preparation of the welding consumable.
- the reduction in area is such that normal feeding of the consumable wire is not impaired and is typically achieved by a reduction in the original diameter of the wire of about 90 to 50%, say by the formation of one or more grooves or notches in the wire.
- a flux cored "Hard Facing" type consumable wire with a nominal diameter of about 2.8 mm is formed with diametrically opposed deformations, such as notches, which reduces the diameter of the wire to about 2.5 mm.
- the welding conditions were optimised with a spacing of 10.47mm.
- the deposition rate achieved was in excess of 50% greater than previously obtained with plain electrode.
- the suitability for purpose of the welded surface, such as a cane crushing roller was also enhanced.
- the use of the modified consumable wire described above results in individual deposits of weld metal of substantially uniform volume with greatly increased weld metal deposition rate efficiency. Successful results have been achieved in the environment described above using an average arc voltage of about 35 volts, and an average arc current of about 400 amps. These parameters are the same as would be selected by a skilled welder for a flux cored "hard facing" electrode of 2.8 mm diameter. Thus, the use of the electrode embodying the invention is not dependent on the selection of special parameters, which depend on the material of the workpiece and the material and diameter of the electrode and the results desired.
- the modified wire may be used in applications. Other than surfacing, including the joining of metals, sheetmetal work, conditions of poor part alignment, and welding in outside environments.
- the invention also provides a method of arc welding comprising the step of feeding a welding electrode having a series of reductions in cross-sectional area spaced at selected intervals along the length of the electrode into the welding arc.
- the invention further provides a method of forming a welding electrode comprising the step of forming a series of reductions in cross-sectional area spaced at selected intervals along the length of the electrode.
- the reductions in cross-sectional area may be formed by means of driven notching rollers which form the reductions in cross- sectional area as the electrode is fed towards the welding arc.
- the notching rollers may perform the dual function of notching the electrode and driving it towards the welding arc.
- the electrode wire need only be transversely notched at diametrically opposed positions since any reduction in cross-sectional area of the required dimensions will have the effect of ensuring the detachment of the required volume of weld metal from the electrode.
- Figure 1 is a side elevation of an electrode wire in which a suitable deformation has been formed
- Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of the sequence of events in a typical weld metal transfer cycle
- Figure 3 is a schematic illustration in a modified metal weld transfer cycle
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an electrode wire notching roller arrangement
- Figure 5 is a perspective view of an alternative wire feeding and notching apparatus. Description of Preferred Embodiment:
- an electrode wire 1 of about 2.8 mm in diameter is illustrated having transverse generally semi-circular notches 2 and 3 having a depth of about 1.5 mm at intervals of about 21.5 mm along the length of the electrode wire. It has been found that the formation of diametrically opposed notches 2,3 of the above depth is sufficient to ensure the predictable and controlled detachment of the required volume of weld metal from the electrode as the electrode is fed into an electric arc having the required welding parameters.
- the electrode 1 is fed towards the arc A and as the melting of the electrode proceeds towards the notches 2,3, the reduced cross-sectional dimensions of the wire 1 at this point causes the magnetic pinch-effect which is present in the welding arc to be concentrated at this location to cause rupture of the weld metal at this position.
- the reduction in cross-sectional area in the electrode wire may be regarded as having a two-fold purpose: (a) to provide a region of reduced current-carrying capacity at which localised heating of the electrode will occur as a result of the increase in electrical resistance and the increase in current density, and (b) to provide a point of reduced surface tension between the tip of the electrode wire and the adjacent volume of weld metal in the arc.
- a molten droplet D of weld metal progressively forms on the end of the electrode wire as it is fed into the arc A, and as each region of reduced in cross-sectional dimensions enters the arc zone A, the wire 1 ruptures at that point leaving the droplet D free to transfer onto the workpiece W.
- the cycle is then repeated for each segment of electrode wire 1, and in the event that the electrode wire touches the workpiece resulting in the arc being extinguished, the region of reduced cross- sectional dimensions again provides a preferred site for the wire to rupture, so clearing the short circuit and facilitating re-establishment of the arc.
- Figure 3 illustrates another mode of arc transfer where, under the influence of the fluxing agents contained within the electrode wire or the composition of a shielding gas employed, the molten droplet D is repelled from the workpiece W.
- the droplet D may remain attached to the end of the electrode wire 1 until such time that the weight of the droplet D exceeds the sum of the repelling arc force and the wire-to-droplet surface tension.
- the invention again aids the regular detachment of droplets by the means described above.
- the notched regions 2, 3 of the electrode wire may be formed in the electrode wire during the manufacture of the wire, but it is presently preferred that the necessary notches be formed by the means feeding the electrode wire towards the arc.
- FIG. 3 of the drawings One such means is shown in Figure 3 of the drawings to comprise a pair of driven rollers R each having a peripheral semi-circular groove G having projections P machined in each groove G, as shown schematically in Figure 3.
- the notching rollers R may replace the wire feeding rollers in the welding apparatus being used to perform welding using the electrode modified in accordance with the invention.
- a shaft 10 rotated by a suitable geared motor (not shown), drives a gear 15 and adjustable throw crank 14 moulded on a rigid base plate 11.
- Gears 12 and 13 are in mesh with gear 15, respectively rotating cams 16 and 14, each fitted with ball bearing cam rollers 17.
- a reciprocating yoke 18, moves in direction A, between the guide rollers 19 mounted on base plate 11 when acted upon by the cam rollers 17 and moves in direction B by means of a return spring (not shown) .
- Crimping tools 22 and 27 are acted upon by the internal cam faces of yoke 18.
- Spring loaded feeding cams 20 are carried in a reciprocating manner by crank 16, in the forward stroke gripping the electrode wire 1, so advancing the wire 1 in the direction indicated.
- Stationary spring loaded gripping cams 21 allow the electrode wire 13 to advance in the forward direction, but grip the electrode wire to prevent backward motion of the wire during the return stroke of the feed cams 20.
- the electrode wire 1 is carried forward by cams 20; at the end of the forward stroke the crimping tools 22 and 27 indent the wire, and during the return stroke the wire is held stationary by cams 21. It will be appreciated that the wire advances at a sinusoidal rate during the forward 180 degrees of rotation of the cam 24, while remaining stationary during the return 180 degrees of rotation.
- the total length of forward wirefeed is adjustable over a range as set by the throw of the adjustable crank 24.
- the shape of the notch 2,3 formed in the electrode wire is not important to the invention and may be semi-circular, as shown in Figure 1, angular as shown in Figure 3, V-shaped or any other desired shape.
- the important feature is that a region of reduced cross-sectional area is formed in the electrode wire at spaced points along the length of the wire.
- similar results could be achieved by groove(s) cut in the surface of the electrode.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU83390/91A AU647821B2 (en) | 1990-08-20 | 1991-08-19 | Welding electrodes and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPK184290 | 1990-08-20 | ||
AUPK1842 | 1990-08-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1992003251A1 true WO1992003251A1 (en) | 1992-03-05 |
Family
ID=3774901
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU1991/000374 WO1992003251A1 (en) | 1990-08-20 | 1991-08-19 | Welding electrodes and method |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0548100A1 (en) |
MY (1) | MY106493A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ239487A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992003251A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5636747A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1997-06-10 | Ashland Inc. | Combination magnetic separation, classification and attrition process for renewing and recovering particulates |
EP0936023A1 (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 1999-08-18 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Welding wire and method of making same |
US6426483B1 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2002-07-30 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Electrode and method of making same |
WO2014006491A1 (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-01-09 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Hot-wire consumable incapable of sustaining an arc |
RU190095U1 (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2019-06-18 | Ирина Михайловна Строганова | WELDING ELECTRODE |
RU216598U1 (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-02-14 | Акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательское проектно-технологическое бюро "Онега" (АО "НИПТБ "Онега") | Tubular welding electrode |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1354664A (en) * | 1920-01-03 | 1920-10-05 | Knoll Roy Carl | Electrode for arc-welding |
US1835899A (en) * | 1924-06-27 | 1931-12-08 | Koro Corp | Welding rod |
US1940573A (en) * | 1929-07-06 | 1933-12-19 | Una Welding Inc | Process of manufacturing welding electrodes |
US4864093A (en) * | 1988-10-05 | 1989-09-05 | Arcair Company | Exothermic cutting electrode |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3179787A (en) * | 1962-03-29 | 1965-04-20 | Eutectic Welding Alloys | Carbide welding rod |
US3497669A (en) * | 1968-07-12 | 1970-02-24 | Air Reduction | Control of drop size in spray welding |
US4832742A (en) * | 1988-05-12 | 1989-05-23 | Metal Research Corporation | Flexible refining-agent clad wire for refining molten iron group metal |
-
1991
- 1991-08-19 WO PCT/AU1991/000374 patent/WO1992003251A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-08-19 EP EP91914804A patent/EP0548100A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-08-20 NZ NZ239487A patent/NZ239487A/en unknown
- 1991-08-20 MY MYPI91001508A patent/MY106493A/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1354664A (en) * | 1920-01-03 | 1920-10-05 | Knoll Roy Carl | Electrode for arc-welding |
US1835899A (en) * | 1924-06-27 | 1931-12-08 | Koro Corp | Welding rod |
US1940573A (en) * | 1929-07-06 | 1933-12-19 | Una Welding Inc | Process of manufacturing welding electrodes |
US4864093A (en) * | 1988-10-05 | 1989-09-05 | Arcair Company | Exothermic cutting electrode |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5636747A (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1997-06-10 | Ashland Inc. | Combination magnetic separation, classification and attrition process for renewing and recovering particulates |
EP0936023A1 (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 1999-08-18 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Welding wire and method of making same |
US6137081A (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 2000-10-24 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Electrode and method of making same |
US6180920B1 (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 2001-01-30 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Electrode and method of making same |
SG80610A1 (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 2001-05-22 | Lincoln Global Inc | Welding wire and method of making same |
US6417489B1 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2002-07-09 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Welding wire and method of making same |
US6426483B1 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 2002-07-30 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Electrode and method of making same |
WO2014006491A1 (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-01-09 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Hot-wire consumable incapable of sustaining an arc |
RU190095U1 (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2019-06-18 | Ирина Михайловна Строганова | WELDING ELECTRODE |
RU216598U1 (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-02-14 | Акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательское проектно-технологическое бюро "Онега" (АО "НИПТБ "Онега") | Tubular welding electrode |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ239487A (en) | 1993-06-25 |
EP0548100A1 (en) | 1993-06-30 |
EP0548100A4 (en) | 1995-01-11 |
MY106493A (en) | 1995-06-30 |
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