WO1991012651A1 - Convertisseur d'energie - Google Patents

Convertisseur d'energie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991012651A1
WO1991012651A1 PCT/AU1991/000047 AU9100047W WO9112651A1 WO 1991012651 A1 WO1991012651 A1 WO 1991012651A1 AU 9100047 W AU9100047 W AU 9100047W WO 9112651 A1 WO9112651 A1 WO 9112651A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current
fan
ventilator
energy
motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1991/000047
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul Anthony Mccarthy
John Barry James
Original Assignee
Paul Anthony Mccarthy
John Barry James
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Paul Anthony Mccarthy, John Barry James filed Critical Paul Anthony Mccarthy
Publication of WO1991012651A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991012651A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/60—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
    • F04D29/601—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D19/002—Axial flow fans
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/62—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using bucking or boosting dc sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/02—Details of starting control
    • H02P1/04—Means for controlling progress of starting sequence in dependence upon time or upon current, speed, or other motor parameter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to energy conversion and in particular to the conversion of light energy, including solar energy to useful electrical energy at low intensity levels.
  • loads operate over a range of currents, some loads have an operating current which is less than the initial turn-on current.
  • loads include incandescent lamps and electric motors.
  • incandescent lamp the resistance of the filament increases as the temperature of the filament increases, thus reducing the current required for continued operation.
  • electric motor the back e.m.f. generated after the motor commences operation increases the resistance in the motor windings, thus reducing the required operating current.
  • the invention resides in an energy convertor having an output connectable to a load, the load having a turn-on current which exceeds its operating current, the current conv rtor further comprising an input connectable to a solar panel.
  • the current convertor is operable to deliver a current sufficient to turn the load on in response to a current being delivered to said input.
  • the load is an electric motor.
  • the invention resides in a current convertor for use in an energy convertor for converting a low input current to a higher output current in order to turn a load on, the convertor including an input, an electrical energy storage device in which electrical energy delivered to the input is progressively stored, an output through which current can be delivered to the load and a switching circuit, the switching circuit being operable after the required energy to turn on the load has been stored in the storage device, to deliver the energy from the storage device to the output.
  • the invention resides in a vent suitable for use in conjunction with an electric motor, the motor being driven via an energy convertor for enabling forced exhausting of air from the interior of an enclosure, the vent having a vent body including an inlet, an outlet and a convergent passage extending between the inlet and the outlet, a rotary air forcing assembly adjacent said outlet and the electric motor being coupled to said air forcing assembly, the electric motor being connectable to said energy convertor in order for the electric motor to drive said rotary air forcing assembly.
  • the energy storage device can be any suitable device for accumulating or integrating charge at one rate and releasing the charge at another rate.
  • a rechargeable battery, capacitor, a coil or oscillator can be employed.
  • the switching circuit can include active circuit elements such as transistors, preferably one or more low resistance active elements can be employed in series with the load.
  • active circuit elements such as transistors, preferably one or more low resistance active elements can be employed in series with the load.
  • a unijunction field effect transistor can be employed to good effect in order to maximize the current delivered from the energy storage device to the load.
  • the vent can be suitable for exhausting air from any enclosure and can be designed to fit walls, roofs or other structures.
  • the vent body can be of any shape, including domed, otherwise rounded or of conventional slope, but where applied to a roof, it is preferable to employ a generally pyramidal shaped vent body which forms a canopy where the outlet is adjacent the apex of the canopy.
  • a bell-mouth inlet is located below the apex inside the canopy and upstream of the outlet in order to improve exhaust efficiency via the venturi effect.
  • the vent body can include apertures to assist ventilation.
  • the vent body preferably includes convergent side walls defining the passage which extends between a relatively wide inlet and a relatively narrow outlet, this is to assist in accumulating hot air adjacent the outlet via the stack effect.
  • the walls can be opaque or they can be translucent to transparent in the case of a sky light.
  • the walls are preferably mounted on a peripheral frame which also serves to mount the vent body in its operative position relative to the enclosure.
  • the frame can be of any configuration but preferably forms a peripheral rim for the inlet.
  • the frame can be made from any suitable material but is preferably made from one or more extrusions. The frame can therefore be assembled in any length or any shape in order to provide flexibility of construction.
  • the invention resides in a system for circulating air between an enclosure and a confined air space above the enclosure, and for taking into account seasonal variations in ambient temperatures of the atmosphere, the system comprising a fan assembly communicating between the enclosure and the confined air space, the fan assembly comprising a fan housing and a fan module, the fan module being mounted in the housing so that the module can be physically moved so that flow of air through the fan assembly can be reversed.
  • a second fan assembly communicating between the confined air space and the atmosphere, the arrangement being that air can be vented into the confined air space and to the atmosphere via the second fan assembly during summer and warm air can be drawn into the enclosure from the confined air space during winter.
  • the first fan assembly preferably utilises solar power and preferably involves an energy convertor.
  • the power delivered to the first fan assembly can be supplied by a rechargeable battery where the battery is charged using power delivered thereto from an array of solar cells.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a preferred current convertor and a preferred energy convertor according to the aforementioned aspects of the present invention
  • Figure 2A is a schematic diagram illustrating application of the present invention to a fan type rotary air forcing assembly
  • Figure 2B is a diagram similar to Figure 2A illustrating application of the present invention to a ventilator type rotary air forcing assembly
  • FIG 3 is a cut-away perspective view illustrating a typical vent according to the present invention which utilises the ventilator arrangement of Figure 2B;
  • Figure 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view through the vent of Figure 3;
  • Figures 5 and 6 are respective transverse cross-sectional and perspective views illustrating a preferred frame suitable for use with the vent of Figure 3;
  • FIGS 7A and 7B illustrate an alternative embodiment of an energy convertor applicable to the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a modified circuit illustrating a current convertor which can be utilised in a preferred energy convertor according to the present invention in order to drive- the first fan assembly;
  • Figures 9 and 10 are respective plan and horizontal cross-sectional views illustrating a fan assembly which can be employed with the present invention.
  • Figures 11A, 11B and 11C are schematic views illustrating seasonal adjustment and operation of another typical fan assembly according to the present invention.
  • an energy convertor 10 employing a current convertor 11 by which current delivered from a solar panel 12 can be stored in an energy storage device which in this case is a capacitor 13 prior to that energy being delivered to a load 14 via a switching circuit 15.
  • An optional rechargeable battery 16 can be employed so that when light intensity on panel 12 is high, excess current can be used to charge the battery.
  • photovoltaic cells mounted on the solar panel produce a fairly constant current which is proportional to the amount of light falling on the cells. At low light intensity, the cells become current limited.
  • a direct current brushless motor which can be employed as the load 14 and which is electronically commutated, has a starting current approximately equal to full load current. This is due to the one pole-pair found in the small motors.
  • the capacitor is sized economically for the largest energy pulse generated from stored energy, from the cells maximum energy point at low light intensity to the minimum running voltage of the motor.
  • the switching circuit 15 employs a 15 amp power transistor T2 which in this case is a 15 N05L MOTOROLA ® MOSFET which has very low on-resistance, with very large current capabilities and fast turn-on times to give the maximum possible energy pulse from the capacitor.
  • Resistors Rl , R2 and R4 determine the turn-on voltage of transistor Tl and hence transistor T2 and also the turn-off voltage of transistors Tl and T2. These resistors also determine the pulse time for capacitor discharge depending on supply current from the solar panel 12. The turn-on and off voltages are made different by the fact that the motor negative is at the positive rail voltage before turn-on and at the negative rail voltage after turn-on. This changes the base current for Tl through R4 for the different conditions.
  • Resistor R3 simply pulls the gate of transistor T2 to ground (negative rail) while Tl is turned off.
  • the object of the circuit is to boost the current from the cells at low light intensity by pulsing a capacitor.
  • the current pulses must be of sufficient size to rotate the motor enough for electronic commutation to work.
  • the effect of the current convertor 11 is to provide the energy convertor 10 with a current which at least reaches or exceeds the turn-on current for the load 14 when low light intensities are incident on the solar panel 12.
  • FIGS 2A and 2B Typical applications of the energy convertor of Figure 1 are illustrated in Figures 2A and 2B where like numerals have been used to illustrate like features.
  • the load is a DC motor 17 which drives a fan 18 and a ventilator 19 respectively.
  • the fan operates at low light levels, whereas without the inclusion of the current convertor 11, the fan would not normally operate under those conditions. Thus, the fan has a greater range of operation over the period of a day. The fan can operate into the night until the battery 16 is discharged.
  • the DC motor 17 is employed to drive a ventilator 19 which includes ventilator blades 20 which enables wind assistance for the operation of the ventilator.
  • the ventilator will normally operate under wind power but where the wind levels are sufficiently reduced, the solar panel 12 and current convertor 11 will supply the drive to the motor 14 in order to drive the ventilator.
  • the inclusion of the energy convertor 10 employing current convertor 11 will enable the ventilator 19 to operate in conditions where there is no wind and therefore for a longer period than was otherwise known in the prior art.
  • vent 21 has a body in the form of a pyramidal shaped canopy having side walls 22 converging between a broad inlet 23 and a narrower outlet 24 represented by the ventilator 19.
  • the walls 22 of the vent body are constructed from fluted polycarbonate sheets.
  • a base frame 25 forms a peripheral rim defining the inlet 23 and in this embodiment is an extruded section.
  • the extruded section includes a channel 26 in which the edges of the wall sheets are mounted along with various flanges to be described below.
  • a plurality of ventilation apertures 29 are located in a flange 30 which depends from the channel 26.
  • the apertures 24 are located at spaced intervals about the entire periphery of the frame.
  • a fabric non-return flap 31 is employed to cover the apertures 29 in order to prevent backflow of air, rain water or debris into the interior of the canopy through the apertures 29.
  • Figure 4 shows the vent in cross-section and as can be seen, the whole structure forms a canopy in which hot air can be trapped by virtue of the stack effect and exhausted to the atmosphere.
  • the walls 22 converge to a bell-mouth opening to the ventilator, illustrated at 28. With this arrangement, ventilation is enhanced by virtue of the venturi effect.
  • FIGs 5 and 6 details of the channel 26 and its relationship with the walls 22 is more clearly seen.
  • Like numerals again illustrate like features.
  • the edge 32 of the wall 22 is located within the channel 26.
  • the wall 22 is in abutment with parallel spaced beads 33 and 34 and is located adjacent its edge 32 by locating lugs 38 and 39.
  • the wall portion adjacent edge 32 is spaced from the channel walls to allow for expansion.
  • a sealant 35 is located in the space between the beads 33 and 34 and exteriorly of bead 34 as shown in order to seal the periphery of the vent.
  • peripheral frame 25 is made from a two part extrusion with a generally C-shaped extrusion 36 providing the channel 26, and the extrusion 37 (part of which is shown in Figures 5 and 6) is so mounted that the fabric non-return flap 31 can, on assembly, be located and clamped between the extrusions in sandwich fashion.
  • the extrusion 37 can be locked in place as illustrated in Figure 5.
  • FIG. 7A and 7B a further embodiment of the present invention will be described in relation to a wind drive rotary ventilator.
  • a conventional rotary ventilator's effectiveness decreases as the wind speed slows down and ceases in the absence of wind.
  • the present invention overcomes this deficiency by employing a solar powered 12 volt direct current motor to power the rotary ventilator in predetermined conditions for low speed or nil winds.
  • a photovoltaic solar panel 12 is employed to charge an energy storage device which in this case is a battery 16, which on operation of a switching circuit employing power transistor 40 drives the motor 41 and thereby the ventilator 42.
  • an energy storage device which in this case is a battery 16
  • a switching circuit employing power transistor 40 drives the motor 41 and thereby the ventilator 42.
  • the power transistor 40 is off when the motor is operating at a predetermined speed.
  • the wind action on the ventilator 42 drives the ventilator.
  • a proximity switch or optical switch 43 is employed to detect the speed of the rotary ventilator or the motor 41.
  • a retriggerable timer 44 is triggered during each rotation of the rotary ventilator or the motor. Thus, the timer does not time out under normal operation, it only times out once the rotary ventilator or motor speed has slowed to a predetermined level. Once the retriggerable timer times out, the power transistor 40 is switched on and power is delivered from the battery 16 to the motor in order to drive the fan. By selecting the circuit elements in appropriate fashion, operation of the rotary ventilator can be achieved at low wind speeds.
  • an energy convertor 100 employing a current convertor 111 by which current delivered from a solar panel 112 can be stored in an energy storage device, which in this case, is a capacitor 113 prior to that energy being delivered to a load 114 via a switching circuit 115.
  • An optional rechargeable battery 116 can be employed so that when light intensity on panel 112 is high, excess current can be used to charge the battery.
  • a switch 117 is employed to switch on a supply circuit 118 which creates the desired operating voltage across zener diode 119.
  • the switch 117 can be a suitable timer switch so that it operates only at night, or alternatively, the switch can employ a manual switch so that the load 114 can be driven when there is clearly insufficient light or current to be delivered from the solar panel 112.
  • a fan assembly 120 including a fan housing 121 and a fan module 122.
  • the fan housing is permanently secured in a ceiling partition 123.
  • the fan module 122 includes a fan 124 which is electrically driven and in the illustrated embodiment of Figure 8 corresponds to the load 114.
  • the fan housing 121 includes a removable ceiling diffuser 125 isolated from frame members 126 by vibration isolators 127 and as can be seen, the fan module 122 is retained in place on fan module mounting plates 128 by gravity. The fan module can be accessed by removing the ceiling diffuser and a person can then reach into the housing and simply turn the fan module over in order to reverse air flow.
  • the fan housing and module is removable from the ceiling for the purpose of altering the direction of air flow through the housing.
  • like numerals having been used to illustrate like features.
  • the fan module 122 is driven via battery 116 which is in turn, charged using an appropriate energy convertor 100 (not shown in Figure 11).
  • the summer operation of the fan assembly and in this case, air is drawn from an enclosure 129 into a confined air space usually a ceiling space 130 of a building.
  • the ceiling space is in turn, ventilated using a suitable wind driven ventilator located in the roof of the building (not shown).
  • a suitable wind driven ventilator located in the roof of the building (not shown).
  • a typical fan assembly 120 of Figure 11A is shown partially removed from the ceiling 123 and in Figure 11B, the fan module 122 has been removed, reversed and then the assembly has been replaced ready for winter operation.
  • a filter 131 has also been inserted into the fan housing 121 so that air can be filtered as it is drawn from the ceiling space 130 into the enclosure 129. Thus, warm air can be supplied to the enclosure in winter.
  • the present invention may be applied to the starting of electric motors which, for example, may be used to rotate ventilators.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Le convertisseur d'énergie décrit (11) comprend une sortie pouvant être connectée à une charge (14) dont le courant de départ dépasse son courant de fonctionnement normal. Le convertisseur de courant comprend également une entrée qui peut être connectée à un panneau solaire (10) et un dispositif de stockage d'énergie, constitué par exemple par un condensateur (13), dans lequel l'énergie électrique fournie à l'entrée est progressivement stockée à une première cadence et libérée à une autre cadence. Le convertisseur de courant augmente le courant provenant des cellules solaires à une intensité lumineuse faible en pulsant le condensateur au moyen d'un circuit de commutation (15), afin d'alimenter le convertisseur d'énergie (10) en un courant qui atteint au moins ou dépasse le courant de départ de la charge, lorsque le panneau solaire reçoit des intensités lumineuses faibles. Un tel convertisseur peut s'appliquer de façon générale à un moteur à courant continu d'entraînement d'un ventilateur ou d'une soufflante. L'unité du ventilateur comporte un logement de ventilateur et un module de ventilateur avec moteur, dans lequel on peut modifier l'orientation du ventilateur et partant, la direction du flux, en accédant à l'intérieur du logement et en tournant le module. Le support du ventilateur présente des parois latérales convergentes sur une cloche de protection pyramidale, ainsi qu'une soupape de non-retour couvrant les ouvertures situées sur un bord périphérique de l'ouverture d'entrée.
PCT/AU1991/000047 1990-02-12 1991-02-12 Convertisseur d'energie WO1991012651A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPJ8592 1990-02-12
AUPJ859290 1990-02-12
AUPK2200 1990-09-07
AUPK220090 1990-09-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991012651A1 true WO1991012651A1 (fr) 1991-08-22

Family

ID=25643812

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1991/000047 WO1991012651A1 (fr) 1990-02-12 1991-02-12 Convertisseur d'energie

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1991012651A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1309079A1 (fr) * 2001-10-30 2003-05-07 Grundfos a/s Procédé de contrôle d'un moteur à aimants permanents commandé par un convertisseur de fréquence
EP1785800A1 (fr) * 2005-11-11 2007-05-16 Monodraught Limited Régulation de ventilation
EP1708333A3 (fr) * 2005-03-28 2012-05-09 Panasonic Corporation Appareil de charge et outil motorisé rechargeable

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU828346A (en) * 1946-11-21 1946-12-12 A. C. Morrison (Engineers), Limited Improvements in or relating to automatic starting arrangements for electric generating plant
US3778632A (en) * 1971-09-14 1973-12-11 Bogne John C Emergency starting power for engines
US3946242A (en) * 1975-03-03 1976-03-23 Wilkerson A W Geophysical energy source utilization circuit
GB1430322A (en) * 1973-03-21 1976-03-31 Ceag Licht & Strom Emergency power supply
US4216410A (en) * 1977-11-16 1980-08-05 Feldstein Robert S Emergency lighting system
AU1241683A (en) * 1982-03-12 1983-09-15 Laserpark Ltd. Solar ventilators
AU1689483A (en) * 1982-07-16 1984-01-19 Icotron S.A. Industria De Componentes Eletronicos Liquid pumping system actuated by solar-energy

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU828346A (en) * 1946-11-21 1946-12-12 A. C. Morrison (Engineers), Limited Improvements in or relating to automatic starting arrangements for electric generating plant
US3778632A (en) * 1971-09-14 1973-12-11 Bogne John C Emergency starting power for engines
GB1430322A (en) * 1973-03-21 1976-03-31 Ceag Licht & Strom Emergency power supply
US3946242A (en) * 1975-03-03 1976-03-23 Wilkerson A W Geophysical energy source utilization circuit
US4216410A (en) * 1977-11-16 1980-08-05 Feldstein Robert S Emergency lighting system
AU1241683A (en) * 1982-03-12 1983-09-15 Laserpark Ltd. Solar ventilators
AU1689483A (en) * 1982-07-16 1984-01-19 Icotron S.A. Industria De Componentes Eletronicos Liquid pumping system actuated by solar-energy

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1309079A1 (fr) * 2001-10-30 2003-05-07 Grundfos a/s Procédé de contrôle d'un moteur à aimants permanents commandé par un convertisseur de fréquence
EP1708333A3 (fr) * 2005-03-28 2012-05-09 Panasonic Corporation Appareil de charge et outil motorisé rechargeable
EP1785800A1 (fr) * 2005-11-11 2007-05-16 Monodraught Limited Régulation de ventilation

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