Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
  • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
  • B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner
  • B21D51/2646—Of particular non cylindrical shape, e.g. conical, rectangular, polygonal, bulged
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
  • B21D22/10—Stamping using yieldable or resilient pads

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to two-piece container constructions, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for processing such containers to increase the strength thereof, as well as improve the appearance.
• Two-piece cans are the most common type of metal container used in the beer and beverage industry, as well as for aerosol and food packaging.
• the two-piece container consists of a unitary body, including a side wall open at one end with an integral end wall at the other end.
• the integral end wall is usually formed to a domed-shaped configuration to increase the overall strength of the container.
• An annular portion is usually formed to a special configuration between the center dome panel of the bottom wall and the side wall that defines a reduced diameter support for the container and also provides a nesting feature for nesting with the end of an adjacent container, which is seamed to the open end thereof.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,685,582 An exemplary bottom profile for a drawn and ironed container that has achieved a remarkable degree of commercial success is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,685,582.
• the container disclosed therein also includes an upper end portion that has a reduced neck so that a second end panel or end having a smaller diameter can be utilized to enclose the open-ended drawn and ironed container.
• containers that are used for beer and carbonated beverages are formed from a flat 'aluminum disc to an outside diameter of 2-ll/16th inch (referred to as a "211-container * *) and the upper open end is reduced in diameter to form a 209-neck (2- 9/16th inch) or any other smaller diameter, such as a 207 -neck, a 206-neck, and even a 204-neck or smaller so that smaller diameter ends can be utilized in the finished package.
• the integral bottom end wall of the container usually has the same metal thickness gauge as the initial disc and the side wall is reduced through a drawing and ironing process to a thickness approaching one-third of the thickness of the original metal disc. Accordingly, to minimize overall weight, the can top or end panel that forms the second piece of the two-piece can is made as diametrically small as possible, while still maintaining the structural integrity of the container, the functionality thereof, and an aesthetically-pleasing appearance.
• a sheet of stock material of predetermined thickness is fed to a cupping press, wherein circular discs are cut from the stock material and are transformed into cups having a diameter which is considerably larger than the ultimate diameter of the finished container.
• the preformed cups are then transferred to a container-forming apparatus, commonly referred to as a "bodymaker", wherein the cup is aligned with a punch carried on a reciprocable ram which cooperates with a plurality of spaced ironing dies and a doming mechanism located at the end of the path of the punch.
• the punch initially cooperates with a redraw assembly in which the shallow cup is redrawn to a smaller diameter that has an internal diameter approximately equal to the internal diameter of the ultimately-finished container and a height that is greater than the height of the original cup.
• Each cup then passes through a series of ironing dies having progressively reduced diameters so that the side wall of the container is progressively reduced in thickness, while the height of the container increases.
• the end of the container is forced into a predetermined configuration to form an integral end w.all that has a central inwardly-domed panel and a specially- configured peripheral annular bead or support portion.
• the drawn and ironed container is then trimmed to a selected height and coated and labeled, and a reduced tapered neck is produced on the open end.
• the Assignee of the present invention has developed a die necking operation for sequentially reducing the upper open end of the container to a smooth die neck configuration. This is done through a plurality of steps until the desired reduction for an end, such as a 206- or 204-end, is achieved.
• This process is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,774,839, incorporated herein by reference.
• a container of the type having a bottom profile, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,685,582, and a smooth die neck configuration illustrated in the above- referenced patent has increased strength characteristics and the overall aesthetic appearance has been enhanced.
• a unique drawn and ironed container which can be formed from a minimum amount of stock material and yet be capable of meeting all of the strenuous requirements for such containers that are particularly adapted for use in the beer and beverage industry.
• the container of the present invention can be formed from a stock material, preferably an aluminum flat disc having a thickness of less than 0.0120 inch and meet the minimum crush and buckle requirements of 250 pounds and 90 psi, respectively.
• the container which is formed from a flat metal disc, preferably aluminum, includes a bottom wall that has a thickness substantially equal to the thickness of the stock material and a reduced side wall thickness that is on the order of 1/3 the thickness of the stock material, with the bottom wall having a central inwardly-domed panel connected to the side wall through a countersink that has outer and inner, generally flat, substantially vertical walls.
• the side wall of the container has a plurality of circumferentially-spaced, axially-extending, inwardly-deformed panel segments.
• the panel segments are formed between substantially axial lands or arcuate segments that are co-terminus with the remainder of the side wall and opposite ends of the panel segments merge smoothly with the side wall adjacent opposite ends thereof.
• the panel segments are located within the confines of the side wall between the juncture of the countersink at the bottom and the juncture of the inwardly-tapered neck at the upper open end of the container.
• the panel segments are formed in the side wall in a continuous process through an apparatus that includes a turret mounted for fixed rotation on a support column.
• the turret has a plurality of identical deforming stations circumferentially spaced around the periphery thereof.
• Each deforming station includes a support mandrel supported for rotation about a fixed axis on the turret and has an axially-aligned loading mechanism for loading the container onto the support mandrel.
• Each station also incorporates a compressible impression mandrel that is mounted on the turret adjacent the support mandrel for movement into and out of pressure contacting engagement with the support mandrel to deform a container-therebetween.
• a pair of adjacent impression mandrels are mounted on a common support shaft.
• the support shaft is rotated on the fixed axis on the turret to simultaneously pivot two impression mandrels into and out of pressure contacting engagement with an associated support mandrel.
• the support mandrel has a plurality of circumferentially-spaced pockets formed between adjacent lands.
• Each pocket has opposite edges which are defined by generally radial walls that extend inwardly from the outer wall and terminate in a bottom wall that defines a generally chordal segment between adjacent lands.
• the opposite ends of the bottom wall of the respective pockets are smoothly tapered to merge with the periphery of the support mandrel. This defines a smooth transition between the bottom wall of the pocket and the periphery of the mandrel.
• the pockets are positioned on the mandrel such that the panel segments are formed in the side wall of the container between the -juncture of the bottom wall and the tapered neck at opposite ends of the side wall.
• the support mandrel and impression mandrel at each station are driven in synchronized relation. This defines a common speed for the peripheral surfaces of the respective mandrels.
• the drive mechanism for the impression mandrel incorporates a frictional drive arrangement to accommodate any required differences in peripheral velocity because of compression of the periphery of the impression mandrel during pressure contact with the support mandrel.
• containers are sequentially fed from a source to respective support or loading means at each of the stations on the turret' and are cammed onto the respective support mandrels by suitable cams interposed between the support and the turret.
• the respective impression mandrels are pivoted through a suitable cam mechanism to produce pressure contact engagement between the impression mandrel and associated support mandrel at each of the stations while both mandrels are continuously rotated through a common drive.
• a control slippage is provided between the common drive and each impression mandrel to accommodate compression of the impression mandrel.
• FIG. l is a plan top view with parts thereof broken away showing the processing apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention.
• FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 is a side view of the apparatus as viewed along line 3-3 of FIG. 2;
• FIG. 4 is a fragmentary plan view of a pair of impression mandrels forming part of the apparatus of FIG. 3;
• FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view as viewed along line 5-5 of FIG. 4;
• FIG. 6 is a schematic top plan view of the various stations of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 showing the relationship of the impression mandrels in association with a pair of forming or support mandrels at one processing station;
• FIG. 7 is a fragmentary side view showing the details of one of the processing stations as viewed along line 7-7 of FIG. 6;
• FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view as viewed along 8-8 of FIG. 7, with a section of a can wall showing the co-action of the impression mandrel and support mandrel;
• FIG. 9 is a fragmentary cross- sectional view showing the apparatus utilized for reforming the container bottom wall
• FIG. 10 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 9;
• FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the finished container after the necking and flanging operations
• FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the forming mandrel
• FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view as viewed along line 13-13 of FIG. 12;
• FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view as viewed along line 14-14 of FIG. 12.
• FIG. 1 of the drawings discloses a container-processing apparatus, generally designated by reference numeral 20, consisting of a base 22 (FIG. 2) that has a center upstanding post or column 24 which supports a rotatable turret 26.
• the turret 26 is rotated about the center support means or column 24 through a drive means 28 mounted on the base 22.
• the turret 26 has a plurality of substantially identical processing stations 30 mounted on the periphery thereof, there being twelve such stations illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, but the number thereof can readily be increased or decreased to correlate with a manufacturing facility.
• the infeed mechanism 32 includes a conventional star wheel 36 that has a plurality of peripheral pockets 38 for receiving containers from a continuously-moving conveyor 40 for delivery to each of the processing stations 30.
• the feed apparatus 32 includes a guide rail 42 which guides the containers along a stationary plate 44 to be picked up at each of the stations 30, as will be described later.
• the discharge mechanism 34 includes a second star wheel 46 that again has pockets 48 for receipt of the processed or fluted containers from each of the stations 34 for ultimate delivery to the continuously- moving conveyor 40 where they will be transported for further processing.
• the discharge mechanism 34 again has an arcuate guide plate 49, as shown in FIG. 1.
• the processed containers are withdrawn from processing stations 30 by star wheel 46 and are guided along support plates 44 to conveyor 40.
• each station 30 incorporates a support mandrel 50, a platform 52 mounted on a piston rod 53 and an impression mandrel 54 (FIG. 2) .
• Platform 52 is supported on piston rod 53 which is vertically reciprocated in an opening in the turret 26 through a known type of cam mechanism (not shown) .
• the cam mechanism for moving the platforms 52 between the lowered and the raised positions may be of the type shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,519,232, incorporated herein by reference.
• a container C is delivered from feed mechanism 32 to a platform 56 while the platform is in the lowered position, shown to the left of the extended platform in FIG. 2, and the platform is raised through a cam drive mechanism to introduce or load the container onto the support mandrel 50.
• the loading mechanism 52, 53 may incorporate a vacuum source (not shown) for holding the container on the platform 52 prior to being received onto the support mandrel 50.
• the support mandrel 50 and impression mandrel 54 are continuously driven in synchronized manner through a common drive mechanism (FIG. 1) which includes a central fixed drive gear 60 that is supported on the upper end of the stationary column 24 and is in mesh with a plurality of driven gears 62.
• the driven gears 62 are in driving engagement with the gears 64 that are mounted on support shafts 66 which have the support mandrels 50 mounted on the lower end thereof.
• each driven gear 64 is in mesh with an associated gear 70 mounted on a support shaft 72 which supports an impression mandrel 54.
• the shafts 64 and 72 are driven at a common speed and thus drive the mandrels 50 and 54 at a common speed, for a purpose to be explained later.
• the respective impression mandrels are designed to be moved into and out of pressure engagement with the support mandrels 50, while the turret 26 is rotating and the mandrels 50, 54 are being positively driven to deform the container C between the respective mandrels, as will be described later.
• a pair of adjacent impression mandrels 54 are supported on a common support mechanism and are moved simultaneously by a simplified cam drive mechanism, which will now be described, with particular reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
• the support mechanism for the impression mandrels 54 includes a support shaft 80 that is mounted on turret 26 between an adjacent pair of processing stations 30.
• the support shaft 80 has a pair of arms 82 extending therefrom and the arms are secured to the support shaft 80 through suitable set screws (not shown) at a desired angular relation, as will be explained later.
• Each of the arms 82 has a hollow support sleeve 84 secured to the outer free end thereof, which in turn supports shaft 72 having the impression mandrel 54 supported at its lower end.
• the shafts 72 are segmented and include an upper segment 72a that has gear 70 affixed thereto and a lower portion 72b which supports the mandrel 54.
• Suitable bearings 86 are interposed between the shafts 72 and the hollow support members 84 with spacer sleeves 87 interposed therebetween, as shown in FIG. 5.
• Each impression mandrel 54 preferably includes a center rigid core 90 which supports a deformable or compressible outer member 92 that is preferably formed of a polyurethane material or suitable equivalent.
• the impression mandrel 54 is mounted on lower support shaft portion 72b through a frictional drive arrangement to accommodate a controlled velocity or speed differential between the impression mandrel and the support mandrel rather than the common or uniform speed described above.
• the lower shaft portion 72b has a spacer collar 94 that is interposed between bearings 86 and the rigid core 90 and the impression mandrel is forced against the collar 94 through a 17
• threaded fastener 96 that is received into a threaded opening 97 formed in the lower end of the lower support shaft 72b.
• a spring washer 99 is interposed between the ⁇ upper end of the core 90 and the lower edge of collar 94.
• the amount of frictional drag created between the hollow core 90 and the shaft 72b can be accurately controlled by proper torque applied to the fastener 96, which will compress spring washer 99 to produce the desired frictional drag. This will provide a controlled differential speed between the positively gear driven support mandrel 52 and the- impression mandrel 54. Additional frictional force can be produced by proper dimensioning of the shaft 72b with respect to the core 90.
• the support mandrel is configured and designed such that the container side wall is deformed in the support mandrel by the pressure of the impression mandrel to produce a plurality of chordal segments deformed inwardly from the original side wall of the container.
• the support mandrel 50 includes a hollow circular core 100 which has a circular peripheral surface 102 that has a diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the container side wall.
• a plurality of circumferentially-spaced axially- extending pockets 104 are formed in the surface 102 of the support mandrel 50, such as by machining, after the mandrel has been finished to a cylindrical configuration conforming to the inner diameter of the container.
• the respective pockets 104 are formed by machining a segment from the surface of the support mandrel 50 between adjacent pairs of lands 106.
• Lands 106 have an outer surface 102a conforming to the radius of surface 102 of the core 100 and have flat side walls 108 interconnected by a flat bottom wall 109 that defines a chordal surface 104a between lands 106.
• the flat side walls 108 which preferably extend radially from the axis of the core 100, intersect with surfaces 102a to form sharp edges 108a.
• the cross- segment configuration of each land is approximately square and has a depth of approximately 0.030 inch and a width of approximately 0.030 inch.
• the support mandrel is designed to produce a can or container that has what may be referred to as 30 equally spaced flutes formed in the side wall of the container, as more clearly shown in FIG. 11.
• the center- to-center spacing between an adjacent pair of lands 106 is about 12° and thus the depth of the pocket 104 is approximately 0.030 inch.
• the opposite ends of the pockets 104 more specifically the bottom walls 109, are flared at 109a to merge through a smooth transition with the outer surface 102 of the support mandrel 50.
• the function and operation of the pockets 104 will be described in detail in connection with the operation of the apparatus that will be described later.
• each impression mandrel 54 cooperates with the support mandrel 50 to deform the side wall of the container to a> plurality of what is referred to as "chordal segments" interposed between arcuate segments having a diameter equal to the diameter of the side wall of the container.
• the impression mandrel 54 is supported for movement into and out of engagement with the can body on the support mandrel 50 during rotation of the turret 26 about the support column 24.
• the upper end of the column 24 has a stationary cam 110 affixed thereto which has a peripheral camming surface 112.
• the peripheral camming surface 112 cooperates with a cam follower 114 that is mounted on an arm 116 which is secured to the upper end of the support shaft 80.
• Open-topped drawn and ironed containers are delivered from conveyor 40 to the stations 30 by infeed mechanism 32.
• the containers are received on platforms 52 and are loaded onto support mandrels 50 at each station while the turret 26 and support mandrels 50 are rotating.
• the impression mandrels 54 which are positively driven through the support mandrels, are then cammed into pressure contact by pivoting shafts 80 through cam 112 and arms 116 to engage the can body and deform the container side wall.
• crease lines are formed in the container side wall by the sharp edges 108a of the lands or ribs 106 and chordal segments are formed between the crease lines.
• the amount of deformation of the chordal segments is controlled by varying the engagement pressure between the impression mandrel and the support mandrel. This in turn is controlled by angular adjustment of the arms 82 on shaft 80. Since the effective diameter of the compressible outer members 92 of impression mandrels 54 varies with the pressure between the mandrels, the frictional drive between shaft 72 and mandrel 54, more specifically spring washer 99 and core 90, will adjust the peripheral speed of the impression mandrel with the peripheral speed of support mandrel so that these speeds are synchronized.
• the deformed side wall 129 of the container thus takes a configuration that is illustrated in FIG. 11 in which a plurality of deformed segments 130 are defined between adjacent lands or arcuate segments 132.
• the arcuate segments 132 have a peripheral arcuate configuration that conforms to the arcuate configuration of the container side wall.
• Opposite edges of the deformed segments 130 are defined by crease lines 132a produced by the sharp edges 108a of mandrel 50.
• the container also has a reduced neck 134 and an outwardly-directed flange 136 formed thereon through the die necking process, disclosed in the '839 patent discussed above and a bottom profile referred to as an ANC-IA bottom profile, illustrated in the above '582 patent, both incorporated herein by reference.
• the finished drawn and ironed container shown in FIG. 11 fluted with the above apparatus showed enhanced physical properties hereto not experienced in conventional drawn and ironed containers that are presently being utilized on a commercial scale.
• containers incorporating the fluted side wall exhibit significantly greater crush strength than identical fluted containers without the fluted side wall.
• these containers were formed from reduced thickness stock material or discs having the same cut edge diameter as prior discs.
• Identical containers were also subjected to a single can drop test after having been filled with commercial soft drink beverage product.
• the single can bottom drop test is performed to evaluate bottom wall resistance to dome eversion when cans are dropped onto the integral bottom end wall.
• the testing apparatus consists of a four-foot tube securely attached to a solid steel base and the cans are dropped from various heights until dome eversion occurs.
• fluted containers have significantly improved crush resistance, which has minimal variation from container to container. Also, fluted containers have significantly greater resistance to dome eversion, i.e., they are more capable of absorbing hydraulic shock.
• the fluted containers also improve filled container buckle resistance when products are subjected to elevated temperatures during storage in hot climates. Also, the fluted containers eliminate “gull winging", which can lead to crushed containers during filling and end seaming operations. "Gull winging" is a slight imperfection in the container side wall which produces a wave in the side wall during the container-forming operation.
• the above tests show that the containers exhibits significantly greater resistance to internal pressure without any damage to the container.
• the flutes incorporated into the side wall have the ability to absorb a significantly greater amount.of hydraulic shock when the containers were dropped in standard drop tests. It is believed that the internal pressure build-up will have a tendency for the chordal portions between the lands of the side wall to revert back to the general arcuate configuration of the container side wall and thereby provide greater resistance to pressure increase without any damage to the container side wall. It has also been determined that the internal pressure thereof, because of the flutes, can be greater without any significant effect on the domed end wall of the container, i.e., without any significant degree of container growth or dome reversal.
• Drawn and ironed aluminum containers were formed on commercial D&I machinery from discs of 0.0120 aluminum stock. These containers were conventional twelve-ounce containers having a 211-side wall diameter and a 413-height with a reduced 206-neck for a 206-end. The container side walls were reduced to an average thickness of 0.0039 inch. Control containers were tested and compared with containers that had been fluted in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 29
• fluted containers also showed an average elongation (container growth) at peak load of about 0.04 inch, while the control containers showed an average elongation of 0.03 inch.
• dome depth was below the acceptable minimum of 0.380 inch, i.e., dome depth was about 0.363 inch, these containers were tested to determine container growth in relation to internal pressure and minimum acceptable buckle pressure (psig) . The following test results were recorded:
• the container that has been formed in accordance with the teachings above and is disclosed in FIG. 11 has even more significantly improved performance characteristics by reforming the bottom end wall of the container from the initial configuration, as disclosed in the above- mentioned '582 patent.
• the bottom profile more specifically the countersink'or chime area of the bottom wall, is reshaped-:by reforming the inner wall of the countersink to further improve buckle resistance and decrease can growth.
• This particular process would also allow further reduction in stock " metal thickness without any change in the cut edge diameter of the initial disc.
• the finished drawn and ironed container of FIG. 11 is supported in a suitable jig 150 that has an internal opening 152 which corresponds to the outer peripheral diameter of the container C.
• the jig has a lower profile portion 154 that conforms to the countersink wall portion of the bottom wall of the container, as originally formed in accordance with the process disclosed in the '582 patent.
• a plug 156 is inserted into the upper end of the opening and securely held in the top of the container.' The bottom peripheral profile 154 of the jig 150 is in extended contact With the container bottom 137.
• a reforming roller 160 is brought into engagement with the outside of the domed end 162 of the container and is supported on a shaft 164 that is designed to be rotated along an arcuate path around the center axis for the container C.
• the roller has a peripheral configuration 166 which defines a substantially vertical upwardly and outwardly tapered wall having a generally arcuate upper portion 168 so that the inner wall 170 of the countersink is reformed to a more vertical profile while the dome 162 is stretched to a small degree.
• the outer wall 172 is held to its original configuration. Alternatively, the outer wall could also be reformed with the inner wall.
• the container produced according to the method and apparatus of the present invention has been found to have significantly greater column strength, i.e., resistance to crushing by vertical loads applied to the container side wall, has significantly less container growth during internal pressurization, and also has improved buckle resistance.
• the container constructed in accordance with the.present invention has been found to be capable of being produced from stock flat disc material having a significantly reduced thickness.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
• Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
• Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
• Surgical Instruments (AREA)
• Prostheses (AREA)
• Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
• Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
• Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Priority Applications (10)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=25675363

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (8)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (6)

• 1990
  • 1990-01-26 JP JP50745290A patent/JP3149945B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-01-26 CA CA002074526A patent/CA2074526C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-01-26 ES ES90907607T patent/ES2066204T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-01-26 DE DE69015210T patent/DE69015210T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-01-26 AT AT90907607T patent/ATE115447T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1990-01-26 WO PCT/US1990/000451 patent/WO1991011275A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1990-01-26 EP EP90907607A patent/EP0512984B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-01-26 AU AU56371/90A patent/AU655754B2/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (6)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events