WO1991010877A1

WO1991010877A1 - Cartridge, in particular grenade cartridge

Info

Publication number: WO1991010877A1
Application number: PCT/AT1991/000004
Authority: WO
Inventors: Udo Winter
Original assignee: Udo Winter
Priority date: 1990-01-15
Filing date: 1991-01-08
Publication date: 1991-07-25
Also published as: EP0511229B1; ES2046044T3; ATE94634T1; SG27094G; EP0511229A1; DK0511229T3; DE59100386D1

Abstract

A cartridge (1) comprises a cartridge case (3) in the base of which an ignition chamber (5) containing a detonating agent (6) is arranged, a pressure cartridge (7) which forms a high-pressure chamber (8) filled with a cartridge propellent, and a projectile (2) lodged in the case (3). The high-pressure chamber (8) of the cartridge (7) communicates via an ignition channel (9) with the ignition chamber (5) and via at least one gas outlet opening (10) covered by an insulating insert (13) with a low-pressure chamber (11) between the projectile (2) and the case (3). To ensure uniform pressure and combustion conditions in the high-pressure chamber and thus to ensure more accurate aim, the ignition channel (9) extends axially through the high-pressure chamber (8) as far as the gas outlet openings (10) and the outlets from the ignition channel (9) are directed radially and/or directed onto a radial deflecting surface.

Description

Cartridge, especially garnet cartridge

The invention relates to a cartridge, in particular a grenade cartridge, consisting of a cartridge case having an ignition chamber in the bottom for receiving an ignition means, a pressure cartridge forming a high-pressure space for filling a propellant charge and a projectile inserted into the sleeve, the high-pressure space of the cartridge on the one hand via a axially extending ignition channel is connected to the ignition chamber and, on the other hand, via at least one gas outlet opening, optionally covered by an insulation insert, to a cavity between the projectile and the sleeve, which serves as a low-pressure space.

Cartridges that are fired from handguns must not cause recoil forces that exceed tolerable levels for the shooter, so that the so-called high and low pressure system for propellant charge firing, especially with larger calibers, especially the 40 mm grenade cartridges Is used. In this high and low pressure system, the propellant charge or the like is in a high pressure chamber of a cartridge. housed, which passes through gas outlet openings into a low-pressure space formed by the cartridge case and the floor inserted therein. The high-pressure chamber is also accessible via an ignition channel from the bottom of the sleeve, so that the propellant charge within the high-pressure chamber by means of an ignition jet generated by a floor starter Ignition channel can be ignited. When the propellant charge burns off, a corresponding gas pressure builds up in the high-pressure chamber and above a certain pressure level, which depends on the opening cross-sections and an insulating insert covering the openings, the combustion gases of the propellant charge break through the gas outlet openings and flow from the high-pressure chamber into the low-pressure chamber , in which the gas pressure now rises until the pulling force of the projectile sitting in the sleeve has been overcome and the projectile is driven out by the gun barrel. This leads to a lower muzzle velocity, which is sufficient, for example, to achieve the desired firing range of a few hundred meters with grenade cartridges, and accordingly to a recoil energy reduced to a desired level.

In the known cartridges (EP-A1-0 279 301, AT-B-383 891, DE-Al-35 01 191, DE-Al-35 07 643), the print cartridges of which are used with the propellant charge either in the sleeve base or in the floor of the floor or are composed of parts seated in the sleeve and floor, regardless of the arrangement of the gas outlet openings, a central bore in the flat cartridge base serves as the ignition channel, so that the ignition jet penetrates freely and in an uncontrolled manner into the propellant charge of the high-pressure chamber during ignition. Since fluctuations in the quantity and composition of the ignition means occur due to the manufacturing tolerances and influence the intensity of the ignition beam acting on the propellant charge, the ignition beam penetrates into the propellant charge at different depths from cartridge to cartridge and thus causes differently strong ignitions and one pressure build-up in the high-pressure chamber varies from shot to shot. In addition, the gas outlet openings from the high-pressure space into the low-pressure space are usually in the ceiling area of the cartridges and the mouth of the ignition channel on the floor, so that the ignition takes place especially near the floor and the Combustion front from the floor in the direction of the gas outlet openings, ie continues towards the ceiling. As a result of the exothermic conversion in the course of the combustion, gases are also progressively formed from the ignition channel to the gas outlet openings 5, and if the covers of the gas outlet openings break due to a corresponding increase in pressure, the combustion gases flowing out into the low-pressure chamber entrain unburned propellant charge particles, which thereby become the exothermic one Miss implementation. The proportion of these unburned particles is intolerably large in relation to the total amount of propellant charge and a pressure build-up which varies from shot to shot and the varying amount of unburned propellant charge particles lead to fluctuations in the firing speed of 15 5 or more, which significantly impairs the accuracy of the target.

The invention is therefore based on the object of eliminating these deficiencies and of creating a cartridge of the type described at the outset, which is distinguished by its uniform propellant combustion and thus by its particularly high accuracy.

The invention achieves this object in that the ignition channel in the high-pressure space extends axially into the position area 5 of the gas outlet openings and the mouth (s) of the ignition channel are (are) radially and / or aligned with a radial deflection surface. This position assignment of the ignition channel openings to the gas outlet openings ignites the propellant charge in the area between the ignition channel openings and gas outlet openings and the combustion front therefore runs away from the gas outlet openings, so that after a corresponding pressure build-up when the combustion gases overflow from the high pressure to the low pressure space due to the permanent Pressure increase and the opposite direction of combustion no unburned powder particles can be carried into the low pressure room. In addition, the radial deflection of the ignition jet in the mouth region, be it by a suitable design of the ignition channel itself or a deflection surface opposite the ignition channel mouth, determines the ignition location of the propellant charge in the high-pressure chamber, regardless of the intensity of the ignition jet, and ensures that always the same amount of powder comes to ignition. The deflection prevents the pilot beam from penetrating into the propellant charge at different depths and ensures that the pilot beam always comes into contact at the same point and with the same amount of propellant charge. This inevitably results in uniform ignition, combustion and pressure build-up. A complete burn-up of the propellant charge, an improvement in the use of propellant charge and a standardization of the propellant charge effect are achieved, thus guaranteeing a more uniform muzzle velocity and higher accuracy.

If an ignition tube drawn up from the base of the cartridge forms the ignition channel, an ignition channel protruding arbitrarily far into the high-pressure chamber can be produced in a simple manner and its course adapted to any position of the gas outlet openings.

Furthermore, a wide variety of muzzle shapes can be realized with such ignition tubes, for example the ignition tube preferably lying at the end on the cartridge cover wall opposite the bottom can have jacket recesses, slots, bores or the like. have as channel openings which openings result in the desired radial deflection of the ignition beam in the ignition area. The ignition tube could be closed at the end, but it can also rest with its open end on the cartridge top wall, to thereby discharge the ignition jet through the jacket recesses and the like. to force.

However, the ignition tube can also end at a distance in front of the cartridge cover wall and the cover wall can form a deflection surface for the front opening of the ignition tube, so that the ignition jet emerging axially from the ignition tube is only deflected when it hits the cover wall.

The deflecting surface can be expediently designed and, instead of having one plane, the top wall can be provided with an inwardly projecting deflecting cone or the like, coaxial with the ignition tube. form the deflecting surface, so that a conical or the like. A rotationally symmetrical deflection surface is created which divides and deflects the ignition beam more evenly.

The cone can advantageously be formed by the cup-shaped insulating insert inserted into the cartridge, but it could also consist of a shape of the cartridge cover wall or its own insert.

Another advantageous construction results if, according to the invention, holes of the cartridge bottom arranged in a symmetrical manner serve as an ignition channel, the openings of which in the high-pressure chamber are covered by a central deflecting mushroom forming the deflecting surface. Here the ignition point can be arranged near the ground and the deflecting mushroom ensures proper radial alignment of the ignition beam.

According to another embodiment of the invention, forms a central axial bore of the cartridge base, which ends in a coaxial, preferably conical, elevation and in evenly distributed radial bores as openings passes over, the ignition channel, the desired ignition location near the ground without external deflection surface is ensured directly by the radially directed muzzle bores.

According to a particularly advantageous further development of the invention, a preferably conical insulating hood, which is arranged between ignition channels and gas outlet openings, is provided in the high-pressure chamber and can be made of plastic, aluminum or another metal. This insulation hood allows a higher pressure to be built up in the high-pressure chamber before the combustion gases overflow into the low-pressure chamber, which favors a complete combustion of the propellant charge. The insulation hood shields the gas outlet openings from the ignited propellant charge and is only pushed away at a certain pressure level, as a result of which the gas pressure can now act on the gas outlet openings or the insulation insert covering them. The insulation hood can be provided in addition to the usual, usually cup-shaped, cartridge-lined insulation insert and makes it possible to influence the pressure and combustion conditions in the high-pressure chamber.

In the drawing, the subject matter of the invention is schematically illustrated with the aid of several exemplary embodiments, specifically showing

1 shows a cartridge according to the invention in axial section and FIGS. 2 to 9 different exemplary embodiments of a print cartridge of this cartridge also in axial section.

A grenade cartridge 1 consists of a grenade 2 as a projectile which is inserted in a cartridge case 3. The bottom 4 of the sleeve 3 has an ignition chamber 5 for an ignition means 6 and a pressure cartridge 7 is for receiving a propellant charge is provided. This propellant charge is accommodated in a high-pressure chamber 8 of the pressure cartridge 7, which is connected on the one hand via an ignition channel 9 to the ignition chamber 5 and, on the other hand, via gas outlet openings 10 of the cartridge 7 with a cavity between the floor 2 and cartridge case 3 serving as a low-pressure chamber 11 . The print cartridge 7 can, as indicated in FIGS. 1 to 7, be arranged in a sleeve-fixed manner, it being possible for the print cartridge 7 in the sense shown to be integrated into the sleeve base 4 or, as indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1, as in the Sleeve base 4 to form a screw-in insert, a closure part which can be screwed into the sleeve base 4 or the insert part results in the base 12 in which the ignition chamber 5 and ignition channel 9 are arranged. The high-pressure chamber 8 of the cartridge 7 is lined with a cup-shaped insulation insert 13, which is intended to seal the high-pressure chamber 8 and the low-pressure chamber 11 from one another until a corresponding pressure build-up when the propellant charge burns.

To fire the grenade 2, the ignition means 6 is ignited and the ignition jet penetrates through the ignition channel 9 into the high-pressure chamber 8 of the cartridge 7, where it meets the propellant charge and stimulates the combustion process. When the propellant charge is burned, there is an exothermic conversion and the resulting combustion gases lead to a build-up of pressure in the high-pressure chamber. As soon as a certain pressure level has been reached, the gases break through the insulation insert 13 and flow from the high-pressure chamber 8 into the low-pressure chamber 11, where there is again a pressure increase, which ultimately results in the grenade 2 being expelled from the cartridge case 3 under relatively low recoil forces leads.

To now in the high pressure chamber 8 uniform ignition and To create combustion conditions and to prevent unburned propellant charge particles from being entrained by the gas outlet openings 10, which inevitably ensures a uniformization of the muzzle velocity and thus an increased accuracy, the ignition channel 9 in the high-pressure chamber 8 extends axially into the position area of the gas outlet openings 10 and there a radial deflection of the ignition beam leaving the ignition channel 9 is ensured. When igniting, the ignition jet therefore always strikes the propellant charge in the area of the gas outlet openings 10 and it can therefore only ever apply a constant amount of propellant charge located between the outlet openings 10 and the ignition channel mouths, so that the combustion of propellant charge to propellant Charge starts uniformly and the combustion front also moves away from the gas outlet openings 10, which ensures uniform propellant charge burn-off regardless of the intensity of the ignition beam and also entrainment of still unburned propellant charge particles when the combustion gases flow from the high-pressure chamber 8 into the low-pressure chamber 11 is prevented.

In order to coordinate the ignition channel 9 and the gas outlet openings 10 correctly and to achieve the deflection of the ignition beam in the channel mouth area, there are various possibilities, as indicated in the exemplary embodiments.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the gas outlet openings 10 are in the vicinity of the cartridge cover wall 14 and an ignition tube 15 drawn up from the cartridge base 12 forms the ignition channel 9. The ignition tube 15 is located at the end of the cartridge cover wall 14 or the insulating insert 13 covering it and has jacket recesses 16 as channel openings. The ignition penetrating through the ignition channel 9 The jet is therefore stopped by the top wall 14 and goes radially through the jacket recesses 16 into the high-pressure space, it being understood that the jacket recesses 16 can have a wide variety of shapes. Not only are arch-shaped edge recesses possible, but also longitudinal slots or radial jacket bores etc.

According to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the ignition tube 15 ends at a distance in front of the cartridge cover wall 14 and this cover wall 14 or the inserted insulation insert 13 forms a deflection surface 17 for the front opening 18 of the ignition tube 15, which is made of the smooth, unbreakable The ignition tube 15 emerging from the ignition beam therefore impacts the deflection surface 17 and is thereby deflected radially and distributed circumferentially.

As indicated in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, the deflecting surface 17 can also be formed by a deflecting cone 19 projecting inwards and coaxially with the ignition tube 15, through which the emerging ignition jet also flows from the axial into the radial to the gas outlet openings 1Q ~ - _{aΩren <} j ^ - R- _c y ^ _ _R —am elen. -_> ± eger — Uπdenkkonuo

19 here is part of the cup-shaped insert 13, but it could also be formed by the cartridge cover wall 14 or form its own attachment part. The actual shape of the cone 19 can also vary and have a pure cone or a convex or concave rotational shape deviating from the conical surface.

If the gas transfer openings 10 are arranged in the vicinity of the cartridge base 12, then, as indicated in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, approximately three or four bores 20 of the cartridge base 12 arranged centrally symmetrically can be provided as the ignition channel, the orifices 21 thereof in the high-pressure chamber 8 from a central, the deflecting surface 17 forming deflecting mushroom 22 are covered. The ignition jet emerging here in several branches is deflected radially by this deflecting mushroom 22 and thereby already acts on the propellant charge in the bottom area. 5 As indicated in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, a central axial bore 23 of the cartridge base 12 can also form the ignition channel for gas outlet openings 10 arranged near the bottom, which ends in a coaxial, conical bottom-up elevation 25 and merges into centrally symmetrically distributed radial bores 24 as channel openings . In this case too, the central ignition jet is deflected through the radial bores and distributed to the propellant charge in the high-pressure chamber 8.

15

As illustrated in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 6 and 7, in addition to the insulating insert 13 of the high-pressure cartridge 7, a conical insulating hood 26 can be provided, which extends between the ignition channel mouths and the gas outlet.

20 openings 10 is arranged and is intended to ensure a higher pressure level in the high-pressure chamber which favors a complete combustion of the propellant charge. After the propellant charge has ignited, the gas pressure which builds up must first of all insulate the hood 26 to the top wall 14 or the bottom 12 of the pressure cartridge

25 press before he can act on and break through the insulation insert 13 in the gas outlet area, so that the strength properties of this insulation hood 26 make it possible to influence the pressure and combustion conditions in the high-pressure chamber 8. Depending on whether the channel mouths

3016 or 24 are in the ceiling or floor area, the insulation hood 26 is open on the floor side (FIG. 6) or on the ceiling side (FIG. 7) and thus prevents the resulting combustion gases from entering the gas outlet

35 openings 10. In the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 8 and 9, a cartridge 7, which is not fixed to the sleeve but is fixed to the shell, is illustrated, this cartridge 7, which is designed as an independent chamber, being screwed into the bottom 27 of the grenade 2 5 and resting against the sleeve base 4 with the interposition of a sealing ring 28. The sleeve base itself has the ignition chamber 5 with the ignition means 6 and an ignition bore 29 in the sleeve base 4 brings the connection between the ignition channel 9 and the ignition chamber 5 with it. The print cartridge

10 7 can be designed in various ways, irrespective of its affiliation with the grenade 2, as in the previous exemplary embodiments, only the cartridge base 30 being molded into the screw-in part and the cartridge cover wall through the grenade base

15 27 is formed. The ignition channel 9 can, however, again be designed as an ignition tube 15 (FIG. 8) or as a central axial bore 23 with radial bores 24 as openings (FIG. 9) or in some other way.

0 The cartridge 1 according to the invention ensures constant combustion and pressure conditions in the high and low pressure system by means of simple constructive measures from shot to shot and thereby guarantees a high degree of accuracy.

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Cartridge (1), in particular a grenade cartridge, consisting of a cartridge case (3) in the bottom (4) which has an ignition chamber (5) for receiving an ignition means (6), and a high-pressure chamber (8) for filling a propellant charge. the pressure cartridge (7) and a projectile (2) inserted into the sleeve (3), the high pressure chamber (8) of the cartridge (7) on the one hand via an axially extending ignition channel (9) with the ignition chamber (5) and on the other hand, via at least one gas outlet opening (10), which may be covered by an insulation insert (13), is connected to a cavity between the floor (2) and sleeve (3) serving as a low-pressure chamber (11), characterized in that the ignition channel (9 ) in the high pressure chamber (8) extends axially into the position area of the gas outlet openings (10) and the mouth (s) of the ignition channel (9) is (are) radially and / or aligned with a radial deflection surface (17).

2. Cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that an ignition tube (15) drawn up from the cartridge base (12) forms the ignition channel (9).

3. Cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the preferably at the end on the bottom (12) opposite cartridge cover wall (14) adjacent ignition tube (15) has jacket recesses, slots, bores (16) or the like as channel openings .

4. Cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the ignition tube (15) ends at a distance in front of the Kartuschen¬ top wall (14) and the top wall (14) has a deflecting surface (17) for the front end (18) of the ignition tube (15 ) forms.

5. Cartridge according to claim 4, characterized in that the top wall (14) or the like with an ignition tube (15) coaxial, inwardly projecting deflection cone (19). forms the deflection surface (17).

6. A cartridge according to claim, characterized in that the deflecting cone (19) from the cup-shaped insulating insert (13) inserted into the cartridge (7) is formed.

7. Cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that centrally symmetrically arranged bores (20) of the cartridge base (12) serve as an ignition channel, the mouths in the high-pressure chamber (8) of a central, the deflecting surface (17) forming deflecting mushroom (22) are covered.

8. Cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that a central axial bore (23) of the cartridge base (12), which ends in a coaxial, preferably conical bottom elevation (25) and merges into evenly distributed radial bores (24) as openings , forms the ignition channel.

9. Cartridge according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the high-pressure chamber (8) a preferably conical, between the ignition port openings and gas outlet openings (10) arranged insulating hood (26) is provided.