WO1991003857A1

WO1991003857A1 - Slip ring or commutator motor

Info

Publication number: WO1991003857A1
Application number: PCT/EP1990/001409
Authority: WO
Inventors: Helmut Schmidt; Kurt Schmidt
Original assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 1989-08-31
Filing date: 1990-08-23
Publication date: 1991-03-21

Abstract

To ensure quieter, smoother running at maximum output by simple means despite unavoidable radial run-out of the slip ring or commutator swept by the contacting brushes, the brushes (6; 7; 8) are pivotally mounted on an axis which runs radially near the surface and axially essentially in the direction of the axis of the commutator (1) or slip ring; in one embodiment, the axis consists of a guide pin (31; 41) which is held in a brush housing (2) surrounding the brush (6; 7), at least partly, near the surface of the commutator (1) or slip ring and which is inserted axially in a guide slot (61; 71) aligned with the direction of pressure of the brushes and open to the surface of the slip ring or commutator (1), or the brush (6) is gripped tangentially outwardly by the brush pressure spring (3a) and is pivotally mounted on tangential bearing parts (33a; 34a).

Description

Slip ring or commutator motor

The invention relates to a slip ring or commutator motor according to the preamble of claim 1; such a motor is known from DE-PS 548 073.

In the known case mentioned, for better adaptability of the carbon brush to out-of-roundness of the grinding surface of the commutator or of the slip ring, the carbon brush is to be stored in a brush guide box and an attachment is provided on opposite sides of the brush guide box, the approach of which is directed outwards Surfaces belong to a common circular cylinder surface and contact surfaces corresponding to a holding arm receiving the brush box and also belonging to a common cylinder surface should be provided in such a way that the brush can adjust in a corresponding direction if the grinding surface of the commutator or the grinding ring is not round. wherein the aforementioned cylinder surfaces roll against each other.

In contrast, a brush holder, which is much simpler in terms of production and assembly technology and nevertheless fully guarantees compensation for runout deviations, is possible according to the invention in a motor of the type mentioned at the outset by the teaching of claims 1 or 2 or 13 or 14; the brush pressure spring serves both the pivotable, directly guided mounting of the brush with guaranteed readjustment of the brush with progressive wear and with a constant pivot axis essentially in the axial direction of the commutator, as well as the brush pressure. According to one embodiment of the invention, the axis is formed in a particularly simple and safe manner according to the invention by a pin, in particular a wire pin, which is held in a brush housing that at least partially encompasses the brush near the surface of the commutator or slip ring is, wherein in further manufacturing and assembly simplification, the pin is an integral part of a brush pressure spring.

In the case of small motors in particular, the outlay on parts and assembly can be further simplified in an advantageous manner in that the brush pressure spring with a pin arranged at one end for the pivotable mounting of the brush also for the other guided holding of the brush even with a delay to a separate one Box brush holder is also used and if necessary the other end of the brush spring for holding the entire brush arrangement is rotatably or pivotably mounted or fixed directly on a brush holder; a special construction of a brush with a pivotable axis in order to compensate for commutator out-of-roundness can be dispensed with in a construction according to claim 15.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the brush pressure spring additionally has an axial securing part, which rests at least on the axial end face facing away from its stator-side holding part, in particular in the vicinity of the surface of the slip ring or commutator, in the sense of an axial position securing; to secure the position axially in the other axial direction, the brush is expediently in direct contact with a stator part, the friction during the swiveling movement being able to be kept low by advantageously providing axially projecting start-up cams on the stator part, which act as the sole contact surface serve to the opposite axial face of the brush. The invention and further advantageous embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to schematically illustrated exemplary embodiments in the drawing; show in it:

1-3 the axial, frontal and radial view of a first brush holder according to the invention, FIG. 4.5 two storage options for the pin for pivotably mounting the brush in a brush box, FIG. 6-8 the axial, frontal and radial view of another brush holder according to the invention 9, 10 the axial and front view of a configuration of the brush holder according to FIGS. 6-8, 11.12 the axial and front view of a further brush holder according to the invention,

13 shows the radial view of a fourth brush holder according to the invention, FIG. 14-16 in a front view, in a radial sectional view and in a radial view of a further brush holder according to the invention with a brush pressure spring integrally molded onto a brush box, FIG. 17, 18 in an axial or radial view a special embodiment of the pressure between the brush pressure spring and the brush via a pressure roller. 19.20 in an axial or radial cut-out view a stop-limited pivotable mounting of the holding part of the brush pressure spring according to FIG. 11.12 in a stator holder, FIG. 21-23 the axial, frontal and radial view of a brush holder, solely by a brush pressure 24, the latching of the brush pressure spring in its stator holder according to the brush holder according to FIG. 21-23, 25 shows a further alternative of an advantageous mounting of the brush pressure spring in its stator mount, FIG. 26 shows an additional axial securing of the brush pressure spring in its stator mount according to FIG.

FIG 25.

1-3 show in three different views a first brush holder according to the invention with a brush 6 which grinds on the surface of a commutator 1, is enclosed on three sides by a brush box 2 and is pressed against the commutator 1 by a brush pressure spring 3. The brush 6 is in the radial vicinity of the surface of the commutator motor 1 pivotably mounted about an axis extending in the axial direction, which is formed by a guide pin 31 which is inserted into a guide slot 61 which extends in the pressing direction of the brush 3 and which is open towards the surface of the commutator 1 and is supported on both sides in the side walls of the brush box 2. Advantageously, the guide pin 31 is an integral part of a brush pressure spring 3, which rests with its other pressure end 32 point-like on the surface of the brush 6 and presses it against the commutator 1.

According to two advantageous embodiments of the invention according to FIG. 4 or FIG. 5, the pin 31 can either be inserted or pressed into a radially open insertion slot 21 or into a radially open clamping insertion slot 22 in the brush box 2. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 3, in the wall parts of the brush box 2, between which the brush 6 is enclosed on its axial end faces, in the region of the insertion slots 21, 22 with protruding contact eyes 25 and 26 directed towards the brush 6, which are formed by the guiding the pivotable brush 6 in the brush box 2 with as little friction as possible. At the same time, a spring tab 261 is formed in the eye 26 by punching it out, which serves to clamp the pressed-in guide pin 31. To be accepted, To be able to counteract the direction of rotation of the commutator 1, which is indicated by the direction of the arrow on the commutator face, by the direction of the brush 6 due to increasing wear, the pressure end 32 of the pressure spring 3 to the guide slot 21 is expedient in the single rotation assumed here and identified by a directional arrow ¬ offset by a small amount off-center.

FIGS. 6-8 show a further embodiment of the brush holder according to the invention for a motor with the direction of rotation assumed for both left-hand and right-hand rotation according to the direction of the arrow entered on the end face of the commutator 1; Accordingly, both the axially continuous guide pin 41 for the formation of the swivel axis receiving guide slot 71 of the brush 7 and the pressing end 42 are arranged centrally to the pivot point of the commutator 1 in order to achieve a balanced spring pressure force of the multi-turn brush pressure spring 4. For simultaneous alignment of the brush parallel to the surface of the commutator, according to one embodiment of the invention, the brush pressure spring 4 rests on the brush 7 with a pressure end 42 running in the axial direction of the commutator 1, preferably countersunk in a corresponding axial longitudinal groove 72 of the brush 7 .

FIGS. 9, 10 show a similar embodiment of a brush holder according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 6-8, but the multiple coiled brush pressure spring 4 in its free pressure end 43 is used as a holding bracket in the sense of a guide aid parallel to the surface of the commutator and fixing in the axial direction the guide pin 41 is pivotally mounted brush 7.

11, 12 show a brush holder according to the invention similar to that of FIGS. 1-3, but there is no separate brush box and the brush pressure spring 3 is designed directly for the guided and pivotable holder of the brush 6; is to in particular the guide pin 31 of the brush pressure spring 3 is extended and stored in a stator part 8, preferably a plastic end shield or a brush holder. In order to reduce friction between the brush 6 and the leading part of the brush pressure spring 3, projecting contact eyes 33 directed towards the brush 6 are molded into the latter, similar to the case according to FIG.

19.20 show, based on the brush holder according to FIG. 11.12, a pivotable receptacle of the stator-side end of the guide pin 31 of the brush pressure spring 3; for this purpose the end is latched into an axial insertion opening 93 in the stator part 9. In order to secure the position in the axial direction — as can be seen in particular from FIG. 20 — the latched pivot hook 39 lies axially against a shoulder 96 of the stator part 9; In order to limit the stop of the head end of the brush 6 receiving the pressure end 32, the swivel hook is inserted into an angular opening 97 of the stator part 9, the angular flanks of which serve as a stop for the swivel hook 39.

Starting from the brush box-free construction according to FIG. 11, 12, FIGS. 21-23 show, in three different views, a brush holder according to the invention with a brush holder that grinds on the surface of a commutator 1 and is pressed in a stator part 9 via a brush pressure spring 3a and to compensate for concentricity deviations of the commutator 1 pivotally suspended but unslit brush 6 and thus not requiring any special construction; The brush pressure spring 3a, which is bent in one piece from a wire, in this case has two holding parts 31a, 32a fixed in the stator part 9, a subsequent tangential bearing part 33a, 34a, which bears against each tangential end face of the brush 6, for the pivotable mounting of the brush 6, an axial securing part 35a or 36a and an end-side pressure part 37a resting on the radial head side of the brush 6 facing away from the commutator surface on; On the end face facing away from the axial securing part 35a or 36a, the brush 6 can run against the stop cam 91 of the stator part 9 with a low coefficient of friction. Despite the advantageous pivotability of the brush to compensate for non-roundness of the commutator, any special shapes of brushes can be dispensed with.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 23, the brush pressure spring 3a is bent from a continuous one-piece wire in such a way that its free end forms the holding parts 31a, 32a and its central bending end rests as a pressing part 37a on the radial head side of the brush 6. Between the pressure part 37a and the axial securing parts 35a, 36a, the brush pressure spring 3a has a plurality of spring bending parts which are held at a distance from the brush 2 and by means of which the spring pressure for pressing the brush pressure spring 3a onto the surface of the commutator 1 is essentially achieved. The brush pressure spring 3a is expediently provided, in particular in the area of its folds, in the sense of a brush pressure which is largely constant over the entire operating time, irrespective of the radial brush height, with parts of lower rigidity which are subjected to torsional or bending stress; this lower rigidity can be achieved in particular by a smaller cross section of the spring wire in these areas. The above-mentioned measure ensures that the pressing force, both with larger and with smaller radial deflection of the pressing part 37a in relation to the holding part 31a, 32a or to the subsequent axial securing part 35a, 36a or to the tangential bearing part 33a, 34a even when the brush 6 is ground down due to a longer operating time and thus has a lower radial height, remains constant.

The mounting parts 31a, 32a are fixed in the stator part 9; that between the tangential securing part 33a, 34a or axial securing part 35a, 36a and the pressing part 37a The spring part is also designed so that the brush pressure spring 3a can be pivoted about its pivot axis during pivoting movements of the head end of the brush 2 in the sense of the arrow in FIG. 2; this also serves in particular to hold the spring bends at a distance from the tangential end faces of the brush pressure spring 3a.

24-26 show three different possibilities for fixing the holder parts of the brush pressure spring 3a consisting of brush wire ends 31a and 32a in the stator part 9. According to FIG. 24, there is an axial receiving opening 92 with a shoulder 94 in the stator part 9 and a shoulder 94 open to the commutator 1 The latching part 31a, 32a is provided with an angled stop angle 38a which can be pivoted away from its operating position (according to FIG. 21-23) behind the paragraph 94 by temporarily tilting the brush pressure spring 3a out of its operating position (shown in FIG. 24). 25, 26 characterize a configuration with an axial plug-in assembly of the holder part 31a, 32a into an axial receiving opening 93 in the stator part 9 open to the commutator 1 and self-locking (FIG. 25) or self-locking (FIG. 26) of the holder part 31a , 32a with an end-side clamping hook 39a bent against the insertion direction or behind a latching cam 95 of the stator part 9 latching latch 39b according to FIG. 26.

13 shows a brush pressure spring 5 with a raised pressure end 52 resting on the brush for brush pressure and two lateral spring arms 51, 51, each of which is rotatably mounted in an axially end wall of the brush box 2. In a further embodiment of the invention, the axis about which the brush 8 is pivotally mounted is formed by pivoting receptacles in the form of tabs 23, 24 which are punched out and bent out of the brush box 2 and which form corresponding receptacles, preferably in the form of step-shaped ones Engage paragraphs 81, 82 in the brush 8. FIGS. 14-15 show in frontal or radial view and in the sectional view according to section III-III in FIG. 15 an embodiment of a brush holder according to the invention, in which the brush box 2 and the brush pressure spring 27 are parts of a one-piece stamped and bent part. The pressure spring 27 essentially consists of a bent part which runs horizontally in FIG. 14 to achieve a certain brush pressure constant, a bent part which runs essentially vertically in FIG. 14 to achieve a certain elasticity in accordance with the pivotable brush 8 and a pressure end which is shown directly in FIG. 15 or rests indirectly on the radially upper surface of the brush 8 via pressure rollers 10, 10 according to FIG. 17, 18.

In order to achieve good running properties even with a non-circular commutator 1 and to adjust the position of the brush 8 in the sense of the largest possible contact area to the commutator 1, the brush 8 is pivotally mounted about an axis which is radially close to the surface and axially essentially in the axial direction of the commutator 1 runs; for this purpose, tabs 23, 24 engaging in corresponding radially extending gradations 81, 82 of the brush 8 for tangential contact on one side of the brush 8 and, on the other hand, the wall part 26 of the brush box for tangential contact on the other side are bent out of the brush box 2 Brush 8 bent; As can be seen in particular from FIG. 16, the tabs 23, 24 or the wall part 26 of the brush box 2 provided as an abutment for the brush 8 are formed so as to extend radially outwards so that the brushes 8 are inclined between the radially inner ones a swivel axis for the brush 8 is formed and the upper end of the brush 8 can be inclined in the sense of the swivel movement according to the invention.

In order to avoid a permanent inclination of the brush due to the wear of the brush 8 in the direction of rotation of the commutator assumed in the direction of the arrow, the contact point of the Pressing end of the brush pressure spring 27 is again offset off-center in the direction of rotation by a small amount.

For improved brush guidance by the brush pressure spring, the end of the brush pressure spring on the guide pin side is expediently guided to the brush in the axially or tangentially opposite direction to the pressure side end of the brush pressure spring. The actual spring part of the entire brush pressure spring is advantageously in the area of its greatest bending moment. The brush pressure spring is designed as a wire molded part according to the configuration according to FIG. 1-13 or as a bent stamped part according to the configuration according to FIG. 14-18.

Claims

1. Slip ring or commutator motor with at least one on the stator side, pressed against the surface of a slip ring or a commutator by a brush pressure spring (3; 4) and by one radially in the vicinity of the surface and axially essentially in the axial direction The axis of the commutator (1) or the slip ring is pivotable brush (6; 7) with the following feature: a) The brush (6; 7) is provided with a surface that extends in the pressing direction towards the surface of the commutator (1) or the Provide slip ring opened guide slot (61; 71) into which a guide pin (31; 41) held in a brush housing (2) at least partially encompassing the brush (6; 7) can be inserted or pushed through (FIG. 10).

2. Slip ring or commutator motor with at least one guided on the stator side, pressed against the surface of a slip ring or a commutator by a brush pressure spring (3; 4; 5) and essentially radially in close proximity to the surface and axially in Axial direction of the commutator (1) or the axis of the slip ring rotating swivel brush (6; 7) with the following feature: b) The brush (6) is free of the brush housing solely by the brush pressure spring (3) and a guide pin integrally molded onto it as an axis (31) guided and pivotally supported on the stator side, which can be inserted into a guide slot (61) of the brush (6) which extends in the pressing direction and is open to the surface of the commutator (1) or the slip ring (FIG. 11, 12)

3. slip ring or commutator motor according to claim 1 or 2 with the following feature: c) the guide pin is received by at least one axially extending insertion hole in a wall part of the brush housing axially around the end face.

4. slip ring or commutator motor according to claim 1 or 2 with the following feature: d) the guide pin (31) of at least one to the surface of the commutator (1) or slip ring open insertion slot (21), in particular a clamping insertion - Slot (22) in a wall part of the brush housing (2), which encompasses the brush (6) axially on the end face (FIG. 4, 5)

5. slip ring or commutator motor according to claim 1 or 2, with the following feature: e) the guide pin (31; 41) is an integral part of the brush pressure spring (3; 4).

6. slip ring or commutator motor according to claim 5 with the following feature: f) the brush pressure spring (3; 5) lies in the area of its pressure end (32; 51) punctually on the brush (6; 8) on (FIG 3.13) .

7. slip ring or commutator motor according to claim 6 with the following feature: g) the brush pressure spring (4) lies with an in the axial direction of the commutator (1) or slip ring parallel to the surface of the commutator (1) aligning pressure end (41) on the brush (7) to (FIG 7.8).

8. slip ring or commutator motor according to claim 7 with the following feature: h) the aligning pressure end lies in a corresponding axial longitudinal groove (72) of the brush (7) (FIG 8).

9. Slip ring or commutator motor according to claim 7 with the following feature: i) The brush pressure spring (4) is provided with a pressure end (43) axially fixing the brush (7) parallel to the surface of the commutator (1) (FIG. 9, 10).

10. slip ring or commutator motor according to claim 6, 7 or 9 with the following feature: j) the guide pin (31; 41) on the one hand and the pressing end (42 or 43) on the other are in opposite axial direction to the brush (7) supplied (FIG 6; FIG 9).

11. Slip ring or commutator motor according to claim 9 with the following feature: k) The free end of the pin (31) is led out of the brush (6) and directly on a stator part (9), in particular a plastic brush holder or one Plastic end shield, rotatable or fixed (FIG 11).

12. slip ring or commutator motor according to claim 9 with the following feature:

1) The free end of the pin (31) is led out of the brush (6) and directly in the stator part (9), in particular a plastic brush holder or a plastic end shield, around a pivoting angle of the brush (6) corresponding to the limit stop pivotally mounted in the stator part (9) (FIG. 19, 20).

13. Slip ring or commutator motor with at least one guided on the stator side, pressed against the surface of a slip ring or a grain mutator by a brush pressure spring (27) and surrounding one radially in the vicinity of the surface and axially essentially in the axial direction of the Commutator (1) or axis of the rotating brush (8) with the following feature: ) The brush box (2) and the brush pressure spring (27) are

Parts of a one-piece stamped and bent part and for the pivotable axle bearing are provided on the brush (8), receptacles (paragraphs 81; 82), into the pivot housings (tabs 23; 24) which are molded or molded onto the brush housing (2) receiving the brush (8) ) intervene (FIG 15-18).

14. Slip ring or commutator motor with at least one on the stator side, which is held by a brush pressure spring (3a) against the surface of a slip ring or a pressed one and is radially close to the surface and axially essentially in the axial direction of the commutator (1) or the axis of the slip ring rotating swivel brush (6) with the following feature: n) The brush (6) is guided and pivotably held by the brush pressure spring (3a) which is held in the brush housing only by the stator side with a mounting part (31a; 32a) each with a tangential bearing part (33a or 34a) on the tangential faces of the brush in proximity to the surface and parallel to the axial direction of the slip ring or the commutator (1).

15. slip ring or commutator motor according to claim 14 with the following feature: o) the brush pressure spring (3a) lies with a pressure part

(37a) on the radial head end facing away from the commutator (1) and with an axial securing part (35a; 36a) at least on the axial end face of the brush (6) facing away from their stator-side mounting part (31a; 32a), in particular in the vicinity to the surface of the slip ring or commutator

(1), in the sense of an axial securing of the position of the brush (6).

16. slip ring or commutator motor according to claim 15 with the following feature: p) the brush (6) is on its stator-side Halter¬ part (31a; 32a) facing axial end face by direct start against the holding part (31a; 32a) receiving Stator part (9), in particular in the area of axially protruding starting cams (91), axially secured.

17. slip ring or commutator motor according to claim 16 with the following feature: q) the stator-side mounting part (31a; 32a) and / or the tangential mounting part (33a; 34a) and / or the axial securing part (35a; 36a) and / or the pressure part (37a) are components of a one-piece brush pressure spring (3a), in particular bent from a continuous brush wire.

18. Slip ring or commutator motor according to one of claims 14-17 with the following feature: r) The, in particular consisting of two brush wire ends (31a or 32a), the holding part is fixed in the stator part (9) and the between the tangential securing part ( 33a; 34a) or axial securing part (35a; 36a) on the one hand and the pressure part (37a) on the other hand, the spring part lying in the sense of a pivotability of the brush pressure spring (3a) about its pivot axis is elastically deformable.

19. Slip ring or commutator motor according to one of claims 6, 14-18 with the following feature: s) The holding part (31a; 32a) is in an open to the commutator (1) axial receiving opening (93) in the stator part (9) with a Self-locking or self-locking is inserted via an end-side clamping hook (39a) or locking hook (39b) which is bent against the direction of insertion.