WO1991001063A1 - Dispositif presentant une pluralite d'oscillateurs identiques independants oscillants de façon synchronisee - Google Patents

Dispositif presentant une pluralite d'oscillateurs identiques independants oscillants de façon synchronisee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991001063A1
WO1991001063A1 PCT/CH1990/000165 CH9000165W WO9101063A1 WO 1991001063 A1 WO1991001063 A1 WO 1991001063A1 CH 9000165 W CH9000165 W CH 9000165W WO 9101063 A1 WO9101063 A1 WO 9101063A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oscillator
output
unit
oscillators
synchronizing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1990/000165
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
André Kislovski
Original Assignee
Ascom Hasler Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ascom Hasler Ag filed Critical Ascom Hasler Ag
Publication of WO1991001063A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991001063A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
    • H03L7/24—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal directly applied to the generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement with a plurality of independent, identical oscillators which oscillate synchronously in accordance with the preamble of claim 1. It further relates to the use of this arrangement.
  • Oscillators are known in many types.
  • oscillators are known which generate tilting or square waves, e.g. Multivibrators.
  • the clock of the respective flip-flop mainly depends on the capacitance of a capacitor, while the other circuit ensures hysteretic behavior of the oscillator, i.e. for as stable as possible in the respective tipping condition until the next tipping point.
  • the object of the present invention results from this prior art. This consists in achieving a synchronization of independently oscillating oscillators without a hierarchical structure.
  • the reason for this is that the setting of the above-mentioned several converters of a solar cell system operating in parallel must be carried out periodically and at the same time in each case if a likewise known method is to be used for the maximum tracking.
  • FIG. 3 shows the electrical power P emitted by the panel as a function of the panel voltage U.
  • This power / voltage curve has a maximum 30, which can shift continuously and significantly as a function of various parameters, in particular the irradiance and the temperature .
  • a clock generator is required to carry out the described method of step-by-step readjustment, which periodically, e.g. every 2 s, the panel voltage U switches, alternately to a higher and to a lower value. If several converters are operated together with a single solar cell panel, it is of course necessary for each of these converters to work in a coordinated manner with the other converters.
  • Fig. 2 shows a circuit arrangement that fulfills this task.
  • the circuit arrangement comprises several (eg three) oscillators 31.1, 31.2, 31.3.
  • Each oscillator is a synchronization unit 32.1, 32.2, 32.3 and a pulse delivery Unit 33.1, 33.2, 33.3 assigned.
  • the synchronizing units 32 are electrically connected to one another by a line 38.
  • the oscillators 31.1 to 31.3 are the same. Each of these oscillators has a comparator 51, the output 60 of which forms a first output of the oscillator 31 and is fed back via the resistors 52 and 53 to the two comparator inputs. The output 60 is further connected to the feed line 50 via a resistor 54. The plus input of the comparators 51 is connected to the feed line 50 and the ground 49 via a voltage divider comprising the resistors 55 and 57. The minus input of the comparators 51 is connected to ground 49 via a capacitor 56 and at the same time forms a second output 35 of the oscillator 31.
  • the oscillators 31.1 to 31.3 are fundamentally known as such and belong to the type of tilting oscillators. They output a square-wave voltage at their one outputs 60 and a triangular voltage at their second outputs 35. The slope of the triangular voltages essentially depends on the capacitance of the respective capacitor 56. The clock frequencies of the oscillators 31 likewise depend on these capacitances.
  • the outputs 60 of the comparators 51 are so-called open collector points due to the way they are connected. This means that in the blocking state of the respective comparator 51, the potential of its output 60 adjusts to the potential of the feed line 50 via the resistor 54. In contrast, when the comparator 51 is in the conductive state, a lower potential determined by itself is set at its output 60, ie the oscillator 31 pulls the potential down at its one output 60.
  • the synchronizing units 32.1 to 32.3 are also identical to one another. Each of these units has two diodes 91, 92 which are connected to the line 38 in common and with opposite poles via a respective output pole 83.1 to 83.3.
  • Each synchronizing unit also has a transistor 93 which, together with a resistor 94, forms an amplifier in the manner of an emitter follower, which is connected downstream of the (respective) diode 92, and which together with the diode 91 is connected to the one output 60 of the respectively assigned oscillator 31.1 to 31.3 is connected.
  • This respective amplifier increases the effect of the assigned diode 92 or amplifies the current flowing through this diode 92. It thus increases the fan-out of diode 92.
  • each synchronizing unit 32.1 to 32.3 thus connect their output poles 83.1 to 83.3 for both current directions to the respectively assigned open collector point 60.
  • the poles in the same direction connect via the Line 38 diodes of the various synchronizing units 32.1 connected in series. to 32.3 the different open collector points 60 with each other.
  • the respective synchronizing unit 32 hangs meaninglessly “in the air”.
  • the oscillator 31 oscillates at the fundamental frequency given by its construction and outputs the aforementioned forms of oscillation “rectangular” and “triangular” at its outputs 60 and 35.
  • each of these oscillators basically oscillates on its own, the capacitors 56 and the resistors always being approximately the same because of the same structure and the same nominal values Frequencies occur. In contrast, the phases of the vibrations are completely free. If the output poles 83.1, 83.2, 83.3 of the respective synchronizing units 32.1, 32.2, 32.3 are now connected to one another by the line 38, a new situation arises. In this case, the synchronizing units 32 work in a similar way to logical AND gates with the associated oscillators 31. Each oscillator 31.1, 31.2, 31.3 - as described - periodically pulls down the potential at its respective one output 60 due to its vibration.
  • the pulse output units 33.1, 33.2, 33.3 assign the rising and falling edges of the triangular voltages at the second oscillator outputs 35 to two different pulse types, which can be tapped at the respective outputs 80 and 81.
  • they have, for example, two trigger circuits 70, 71 with a common input, one of which responds near the upper and the other near the lower inflection point of the respective delta voltage.
  • these trigger circuits 70, 71 each emit a pulse A_ or A 2 , which pulses are thus permanently assigned to two different phases of the delta voltage.
  • 3 shows, as an example for the use of oscillators 31 connected in parallel, a solar cell system of higher output, for example of 12 kW.
  • This u includes, for example, two solar cell panels 11, 12 of different sizes and designs, a single battery 17 and five converters 21.1 to 21.5, which are combined into two groups.
  • the converters 21.1, 21.2, 21.3 of the first group take over the generated current i x from the output 13 of the first, larger panel 11, convert it by means of a known technique and pump it to the battery 17 at a different voltage level via the feed line 15, of course for this a return line 16 between the battery 17 and the panels 11, 12 is also necessary.
  • the converters 21.4, 21.5 of the second group take the current i 2 from the output 14 of the second panel 12 and also pump it via the supply line 15 to the battery 17.
  • a controller 41.1 to 41.5 and an oscillator unit 131.1 to 131.5 are assigned to each converter 21.
  • the controls 41 serve to set the respectively assigned converters 21 to an operating point P ro , as was described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • the oscillator units 131 each comprise a combination of oscillator 31, synchronizing unit 32 and pulse output unit 33 according to FIG. 2. They are used to generate a common clock and to deliver the described pulses h, A 2 (FIG. 2), with the help of which each controller 41 can track the aforementioned setting of the respectively assigned converter 21 independently of the respective other controllers 41 from the respective maximum 30 of the power / voltage curve of FIG. 1.
  • the lines 38.1, 38.2 connect the two groups 8 of the oscillators 31.1 to 31.3 or 31.4 and 31.5 of the oscillator units 131 in the manner described for the purpose of the respective synchronization. If the panels 11, 12 are connected via the line 18, the lines 38.1 and 38.2 must also be connected to a single line 38, which is indicated by dashed lines.
  • the arrangement described with a plurality of independent, identical oscillator units 131, which are coupled with equal rights for the purpose of synchronization, is simple and works independently of the respective number of units 131.
  • the arrangement does not require any other devices, in particular no central device. It is therefore ideally suited for the described use in solar cell systems with different outputs and different designs.
  • the oscillators 31, the synchronizing units 32 and the 33 are so simple in construction that they can be produced together as an oscillator unit 131 in the form of a single electronic module, for example using thick film or thin film technology.
  • any other tilting oscillation oscillator can be used which has an output 60 which represents an open collector point.
  • the pulse output units 33 can only have a single output, at which two different pulses A_, A 2 occur alternately, for example alternately a positive one. ⁇ nd a negative impulse.
  • the function of the synchronizing units 32 which as described approximately the function of a logical AND gate corresponds, can be realized with other electronic means.
  • the amplifying transistor 93 can be omitted or replaced by a more complex amplifier.
  • a cycle can be selected with approximately equal cycle intervals between the different pulses A 1 , A 2 .
  • these pulses can also follow one another in pairs at relatively short intervals, separated by a comparatively longer break.
  • Another variant of this is, for example, the use of three or more associated pulses to determine the direction in which the respective maximum 30 lies.
  • the use is not limited to solar cell systems.
  • the arrangement can also be applied to any type of energy converter system in which constantly changing operating performance occurs, e.g. in small power plants operated by wind or mill wheels.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Le dispositif présente plusieurs oscillateurs à oscillations de relaxation (31), auxquels sont associés, pour chacun d'eux, une unité de synchronisation (32) et une unité génératrice d'impulsions (33). Chaque oscillateur (31) possède deux sorties (35, 60), dont l'une (60) représente un point collecteur ouvert (''open collector point''). Les unités de synchronisation (32) présentent chacune deux diodes (91, 92) montées en polarité opposée, ainsi qu'un transistor (93) monté an amplificateur. L'un des pôles de sortie est raccordé à un point collecteur ouvert (60), cependant que l'autre pôle de sortie (83) est, ou bien ouvert, ou bien raccordé, par l'intermédiaire d'un conducteur (38), aux pôles de sortie correspondants (83) des autres unités de synchronisation (32). Lorsqu'un pôle de sortie (83) est ouvert, l'oscillateur qui lui est associé (31) oscille librement. Si, par contre, le pôle de sortie (83) est relié au conducteur (38), les oscillateurs associés (31) oscillent de façon synchronisée. Le dispositif sert à la synchronisation de convertisseurs puisant le courant provenant de cellules solaires pour l'acheminer dans un accumulateur, avec un rendement maximal constant.
PCT/CH1990/000165 1989-07-11 1990-07-06 Dispositif presentant une pluralite d'oscillateurs identiques independants oscillants de façon synchronisee WO1991001063A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH259489 1989-07-11
CH2594/89-1 1989-07-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991001063A1 true WO1991001063A1 (fr) 1991-01-24

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PCT/CH1990/000165 WO1991001063A1 (fr) 1989-07-11 1990-07-06 Dispositif presentant une pluralite d'oscillateurs identiques independants oscillants de façon synchronisee

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EP (1) EP0433416A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5847790A (fr)
CA (1) CA2035887A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991001063A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2025124A1 (de) * 1969-05-26 1970-12-03 International Standard Electric Corp., New York, N.Y. (V.St.A.) Unterbrechungsfreies Stromversorgungssystem
US3696286A (en) * 1970-08-06 1972-10-03 North American Rockwell System for detecting and utilizing the maximum available power from solar cells
DE2616234A1 (de) * 1976-04-09 1977-10-13 Sulzer Ag Einrichtung zur synchronisation von mindestens zwei elektrischen oszillatoren
DE3319511A1 (de) * 1983-05-28 1984-11-29 Hans Kurt Dr.-Ing. 6233 Kelkheim Köthe Akkumulator-gestuetztes stromversorgungssystem i
WO1987000312A1 (fr) * 1985-07-11 1987-01-15 Allan Russell Jones Circuit de commande electronique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2025124A1 (de) * 1969-05-26 1970-12-03 International Standard Electric Corp., New York, N.Y. (V.St.A.) Unterbrechungsfreies Stromversorgungssystem
US3696286A (en) * 1970-08-06 1972-10-03 North American Rockwell System for detecting and utilizing the maximum available power from solar cells
DE2616234A1 (de) * 1976-04-09 1977-10-13 Sulzer Ag Einrichtung zur synchronisation von mindestens zwei elektrischen oszillatoren
DE3319511A1 (de) * 1983-05-28 1984-11-29 Hans Kurt Dr.-Ing. 6233 Kelkheim Köthe Akkumulator-gestuetztes stromversorgungssystem i
WO1987000312A1 (fr) * 1985-07-11 1987-01-15 Allan Russell Jones Circuit de commande electronique

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Publication number Publication date
AU5847790A (en) 1991-02-06
EP0433416A1 (fr) 1991-06-26
CA2035887A1 (fr) 1991-01-12

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