WO1991000466A1 - Composite plastic pipe - Google Patents

Composite plastic pipe Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1991000466A1
WO1991000466A1 PCT/BE1990/000037 BE9000037W WO9100466A1 WO 1991000466 A1 WO1991000466 A1 WO 1991000466A1 BE 9000037 W BE9000037 W BE 9000037W WO 9100466 A1 WO9100466 A1 WO 9100466A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe
composite plastic
thermoplastic
composite
plastic pipe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BE1990/000037
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrieck Dierickx
Original Assignee
Jonaco Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jonaco Gmbh filed Critical Jonaco Gmbh
Priority to AT90909112T priority Critical patent/ATE101703T1/en
Priority to BR909006839A priority patent/BR9006839A/en
Priority to SU904894858A priority patent/RU2046242C1/en
Priority to DE69006701T priority patent/DE69006701T2/en
Priority to MC@@@@D priority patent/MC2147A1/en
Priority to KR1019910700237A priority patent/KR920701742A/en
Publication of WO1991000466A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991000466A1/en
Priority to NO910776A priority patent/NO301995B1/en
Priority to FI910947A priority patent/FI93988B/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
    • F16L9/133—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement the walls consisting of two layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/086—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite plastic pipe.
  • thermoplastic material such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, high-density polyethylene and similar are very suitable for transporting liquids since they are not only watertight but are also resistant to chemically corrosive products.
  • plastic pipes generally pultruded plastic pipes in thermoplastic, but preferably ther o-hardening material, such as polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, and similar are very well suited to resisting pressures.
  • the object of the present invention is a composite plastic pipe which totally excludes the aforementioned disadvantages of known plastic pipes and whereby a pipe is obtained which is not only watertight and suitable for transporting chemically corrosive products, but which is at the same time capable of transporting such liquids under a high pressure.
  • the composite plastic pipe according to the invention which shows the aforementioned and other characteristics for this purpose principally consists in the combination of an extruded pipe in thermoplastic synthetic material and a pultruded pipe or pipe obtained by pull winding in thermoplastic or preferably thermo- ardening synthetic material which fit closely.
  • the external surface of the the inner pipe, respectively the internal surface of the outer pipe will be produced rough in order to obtain that these pipes exert an anti-rotating effect in relation to each other all of which such that the composite pipe obtains a very great resistance against torsion.
  • the aforementioned external surface of the inner pipe, respectively internal surface of the outer pipe, can for this purpose be produced corrugated or similar whereby the corrugations, notches or similar of the aforementioned surfaces interconnect.
  • a composite pipe according to the present invention will preferably be obtained by an inner pipe in a thermoplastic, for example polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, high-density polyethylene, polyamide or similar, by effecting extrusion, after which an outer pipe is formed around the thus formed inner pipe by pulling fibres or fabrics soaked in a thermoplastic or thermo-hardening synthetic material, for example in polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy or similar, through a heated die, in other words by pultruding around the thus formed inner pipe.
  • a thermoplastic for example polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, high-density polyethylene, polyamide or similar
  • composite pipe according to the invention can also be produced by a pultruded inner pipe with an extruded outer pipe around it.
  • figure 1 shows a radial section through a composite plastic pipe according to the invention; figure shows on larger scale and for an embodiment variant the part that is indicated by F2 in figure 1 ; figure 3 shows a variant of figure 2.
  • a composite plastic pipe 1 according to the invention is shown which is principally formed by an inner pipe 2 in a thermoplastic material, for example polypropylene, pol vinyl chloride, high-density polyethylene or similar which is obtained by extrusion and an outer pipe 3 in a thermoplastic or thermo-hardening material, for example polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy or similar which is obtained by pultrusion and/or pull winding and which is installed close-fitting around the inner pipe 2.
  • a thermoplastic material for example polypropylene, pol vinyl chloride, high-density polyethylene or similar which is obtained by extrusion
  • an outer pipe 3 in a thermoplastic or thermo-hardening material, for example polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy or similar which is obtained by pultrusion and/or pull winding and which is installed close-fitting around the inner pipe 2.
  • An inner pipe is thus obtained which is tight and through which chemically corrosive products can be transported with an outer pipe around it which is very impact resistant: and which can resist high pressures.
  • Such rough surfaces can for example be obtained by extruding the inner pipe 2 with corrugations 4 extending according to the longitudinal direction of the pipe around which the outer pipe 3 is pultruded, all of which such that the internal surface of the 3 automatically takes on the form of the outer surface of the pipe 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Abstract

Composite plastic pipe, characterized in that it principally consists in the combination of an extruded pipe in thermoplastic synthetic material and a pultruded pipe or pipe obtained by pull winding in thermoplastic or preferably thermo-hardening synthetic material which fit closely.

Description

Composite plastic pipe.
The present invention relates to a composite plastic pipe.
It is known that ordinary plastic pipes, generally extruded plastic pipes in thermoplastic material, such as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, high-density polyethylene and similar are very suitable for transporting liquids since they are not only watertight but are also resistant to chemically corrosive products.
The disadvantage of these known pipes is however that they cannot offer sufficient resistance to very high pressure loads so that the transport of liquids under high pressure is excluded.
It is also known that plastic pipes, generally pultruded plastic pipes in thermoplastic, but preferably ther o-hardening material, such as polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, and similar are very well suited to resisting pressures.
The disadvantage of the latter type of pipe is however that, through the presence of fibres in the plastic the watertightness thereof cannot be guaranteed, among others because liquids which could be transported through such pultruded and/or pull winding plastic pipes " leak away along fibres which in one way or another offer a passage from one side of the plastic pipe to the other side of it.
The object of the present invention is a composite plastic pipe which totally excludes the aforementioned disadvantages of known plastic pipes and whereby a pipe is obtained which is not only watertight and suitable for transporting chemically corrosive products, but which is at the same time capable of transporting such liquids under a high pressure.
Yet an additional advantage is that in this manner a plastic pipe is obtained which shows a very great impact resistance.
The composite plastic pipe according to the invention which shows the aforementioned and other characteristics for this purpose principally consists in the combination of an extruded pipe in thermoplastic synthetic material and a pultruded pipe or pipe obtained by pull winding in thermoplastic or preferably thermo- ardening synthetic material which fit closely.
In a particular embodiment the external surface of the the inner pipe, respectively the internal surface of the outer pipe will be produced rough in order to obtain that these pipes exert an anti-rotating effect in relation to each other all of which such that the composite pipe obtains a very great resistance against torsion.
The aforementioned external surface of the inner pipe, respectively internal surface of the outer pipe, can for this purpose be produced corrugated or similar whereby the corrugations, notches or similar of the aforementioned surfaces interconnect.
Although such working together of the surfaces of inner pipe and outer pipe is preferable this is not restrictive yet a very good result can also be obtained with pipes of which the cooperating surfaces are produced smooth.
A composite pipe according to the present invention will preferably be obtained by an inner pipe in a thermoplastic, for example polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, high-density polyethylene, polyamide or similar, by effecting extrusion, after which an outer pipe is formed around the thus formed inner pipe by pulling fibres or fabrics soaked in a thermoplastic or thermo-hardening synthetic material, for example in polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy or similar, through a heated die, in other words by pultruding around the thus formed inner pipe.
Obviously the composite pipe according to the invention can also be produced by a pultruded inner pipe with an extruded outer pipe around it.
In order to show better the characteristics according to the present invention, a preferred embodiment is described hereafter, as example without any restrictive character, with reference to the enclosed drawings, in which:
figure 1 shows a radial section through a composite plastic pipe according to the invention; figure shows on larger scale and for an embodiment variant the part that is indicated by F2 in figure 1 ; figure 3 shows a variant of figure 2.
In figure 1 a composite plastic pipe 1 according to the invention is shown which is principally formed by an inner pipe 2 in a thermoplastic material, for example polypropylene, pol vinyl chloride, high-density polyethylene or similar which is obtained by extrusion and an outer pipe 3 in a thermoplastic or thermo-hardening material, for example polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy or similar which is obtained by pultrusion and/or pull winding and which is installed close-fitting around the inner pipe 2.
An inner pipe is thus obtained which is tight and through which chemically corrosive products can be transported with an outer pipe around it which is very impact resistant: and which can resist high pressures.
In figure 2 it is indicated that the inner surface of the outer pipe, on the one side, and the outer surface of the inner pipe, on the other side can be produced smooth or rough in order to provide such a pipe with a very effective resistance against torsion.
Such rough surfaces can for example be obtained by extruding the inner pipe 2 with corrugations 4 extending according to the longitudinal direction of the pipe around which the outer pipe 3 is pultruded, all of which such that the internal surface of the 3 automatically takes on the form of the outer surface of the pipe 2.
Other shapes for obtaining an interconnection between the pipes 2 and 3 are obviously also possible, such as transverse notches for example, which ensure the connection in the longitudinal direction and similar.
In figure 3 it is finally still shown that it is also possible to combine an externally smooth inner pipe with an internally smooth outer pipe.
It is clear that the present invention is in no way restricted to the embodiments described above and shown in the enclosed drawings, but such composite plastic pipe can be implemented in all kinds of forms and dimensions without departing from the scope of the invention, such as a composite with plastic/metal, ferrous and nonferrous, and interchangeable.

Claims

Claims.
1.- Composite plastic pipe, characterised in that it principally consists in the combination of an extruded pipe in thermoplastic synthetic material and a pultruded pipe or pipe obtained by pull winding in thermoplastic or preferably ther o-hardening synthetic material which fit closely.
2.- Composite plastic pipe according to claim 1, characterised in that the extruded pipe is the inner pipe
(2) and the pultruded pipe or pipe obtained by pull winding is the outer pipe (3).
3.- Composite plastic pipe according to claim 1, characterised in that the extruded pipe is the outer pipe
(3) and the pultruded pipe or pipe obtained by the pull winding is the inner pipe (2).
4.- Composite plastic pipe according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inner pipe (2) shows a rough surface with which the outer pipe (3) interconnects.
5.- Composite plastic pipe according to claim 4, characterised in that the inner pipe (2) shows protruding corrugations (4) extending according to the longitudinal direction thereof with which the outer pipe (3) interconnects.
6.- Composite plastic pipe according to claim 4, characterised in that the inner pipe (2) shows notches with which the outer pipe (3) interconnects.
7.- Composite plastic pipe according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that one pipe is produced in a thermoplastic such as polypropylene, pol vinyl chloride, high-density polyethylene, polyamide. LLD, PE, etc... while the second pipe is produced in ther o- ardening materials such as polyester, epoxy, vinyl ester, etc...
8.- Composite plastic pipe according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it is produced as a composite/plastic/metal, ferrous and nonferrous, and can be exchangeable both in smooth and corrugated surfaces.
PCT/BE1990/000037 1989-06-29 1990-06-29 Composite plastic pipe WO1991000466A1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90909112T ATE101703T1 (en) 1989-06-29 1990-06-29 MULTI-LAYER PLASTIC PIPE.
BR909006839A BR9006839A (en) 1989-06-29 1990-06-29 COMPOSITE PLASTIC TUBE
SU904894858A RU2046242C1 (en) 1989-06-29 1990-06-29 Composition plastic pipe
DE69006701T DE69006701T2 (en) 1989-06-29 1990-06-29 MULTILAYER PLASTIC PIPE.
MC@@@@D MC2147A1 (en) 1989-06-29 1990-06-29 SYNTHETIC PIPE COMPOSED
KR1019910700237A KR920701742A (en) 1989-06-29 1990-06-29 Composite plastic pipe
NO910776A NO301995B1 (en) 1989-06-29 1991-02-27 Process for producing a composite plastic tube
FI910947A FI93988B (en) 1989-06-29 1991-02-27 Method for manufacturing composite plastic tubes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE8900714 1989-06-29
BE8900714A BE1004303A3 (en) 1989-06-29 1989-06-29 Composite plastic tube.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991000466A1 true WO1991000466A1 (en) 1991-01-10

Family

ID=3884230

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/BE1990/000037 WO1991000466A1 (en) 1989-06-29 1990-06-29 Composite plastic pipe

Country Status (16)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0434791B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04500553A (en)
KR (1) KR920701742A (en)
AT (1) ATE101703T1 (en)
AU (1) AU641663B2 (en)
BE (1) BE1004303A3 (en)
BR (1) BR9006839A (en)
DE (1) DE69006701T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0434791T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2049978T3 (en)
FI (1) FI93988B (en)
HU (1) HU213662B (en)
MC (1) MC2147A1 (en)
NO (1) NO301995B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2046242C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1991000466A1 (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0604907A1 (en) * 1992-12-28 1994-07-06 Uponor B.V. A method of forming a multilayer plastic pipe and a multilayer plastic pipe for conducting fluids
WO1995016838A1 (en) * 1993-12-17 1995-06-22 Scaffold Connection Corporation Scaffold system
EP0747205A2 (en) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-11 Andersen Corporation Fiber reinforced thermoplastic structural member
WO1997033117A1 (en) * 1996-03-04 1997-09-12 Borealis A/S Multilayer pipe
WO1997033116A1 (en) * 1996-03-04 1997-09-12 Borealis A/S Multilayer pipe
WO1998049486A1 (en) * 1997-04-30 1998-11-05 Westaflex Automobile Societe Anonyme Pipe for circulating gaseous fluids in motor vehicles
US8137780B2 (en) 2004-12-03 2012-03-20 Knoch, Kern & Co. Plastic hollow body, in particular plastic pipe
CN102840393A (en) * 2012-09-18 2012-12-26 浙江新大塑料管件有限公司 Double-layer polyethylene pipe
WO2013137745A1 (en) * 2012-03-14 2013-09-19 Purapipe As Multilayer pipeline in a polymer material, device for manufacture of the multilayer pipeline and a method for manufacturing the multilayer pipeline

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2188927C1 (en) * 2001-12-06 2002-09-10 Устюгов Владимир Аркадьевич Antifriction coat for guide profile
RU2188926C1 (en) * 2001-12-06 2002-09-10 Устюгов Владимир Аркадьевич Guiding profile
JP5542424B2 (en) * 2009-12-22 2014-07-09 株式会社ブリヂストン Composite hose
RU171997U1 (en) * 2017-03-13 2017-06-23 Фёдор Алексеевич Гладких Rigid two-layer pipe section
RU2733368C1 (en) * 2020-04-20 2020-10-01 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Курганский завод полиэтиленовых труб" Polyethylene pipes production method

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1796920U (en) * 1957-04-10 1959-10-01 Hoechst Ag DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING HOLLOW PROFILE RODS MADE OF HARDABLE PLASTICS, REINFORCED WITH FIBERGLASS FABRIC
FR1305213A (en) * 1960-11-25 1962-09-28 Detag Processes relating to the production of plastic hollow profiles and resulting new products
FR2339120A1 (en) * 1976-01-23 1977-08-19 Models Designs Dev Europ Flexible pipe reinforcing by weaving a base in situ - and covering it with a further extrusion, the reinforcing being repeatable
FR2342837A1 (en) * 1976-03-01 1977-09-30 Orfino Francesco COMPOSITE TUBE IN THE FORM OF TWO COUPLING TUBULAR ELEMENTS AND CONSTITUTED OF DIFFERENT PLASTICS, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THIS TUBE

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2534635C3 (en) * 1975-08-02 1978-03-16 Allgemeine Synthetische Gesellschaft Etablissement, Vaduz Process for the production of a plastic pipe which is resistant to hot water
EP0067919A1 (en) * 1981-06-01 1982-12-29 Pabreco S.A. Plastics pipe strengthened by means of a reinforcement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1796920U (en) * 1957-04-10 1959-10-01 Hoechst Ag DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING HOLLOW PROFILE RODS MADE OF HARDABLE PLASTICS, REINFORCED WITH FIBERGLASS FABRIC
FR1305213A (en) * 1960-11-25 1962-09-28 Detag Processes relating to the production of plastic hollow profiles and resulting new products
FR2339120A1 (en) * 1976-01-23 1977-08-19 Models Designs Dev Europ Flexible pipe reinforcing by weaving a base in situ - and covering it with a further extrusion, the reinforcing being repeatable
FR2342837A1 (en) * 1976-03-01 1977-09-30 Orfino Francesco COMPOSITE TUBE IN THE FORM OF TWO COUPLING TUBULAR ELEMENTS AND CONSTITUTED OF DIFFERENT PLASTICS, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THIS TUBE

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5759461A (en) * 1992-12-28 1998-06-02 Uponor Innovation Ab Method of forming a multi-layer plastic pipe for conducting fluids
EP0604907A1 (en) * 1992-12-28 1994-07-06 Uponor B.V. A method of forming a multilayer plastic pipe and a multilayer plastic pipe for conducting fluids
WO1995016838A1 (en) * 1993-12-17 1995-06-22 Scaffold Connection Corporation Scaffold system
US5560730A (en) * 1993-12-17 1996-10-01 Scaffold Connection Corporation Scaffold system
US6007656A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-12-28 Andersen Corporation Fiber reinforced thermoplastic structural member
EP0747205A2 (en) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-11 Andersen Corporation Fiber reinforced thermoplastic structural member
EP0747205A3 (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-07-16 Andersen Corp Fiber reinforced thermoplastic structural member
WO1997033117A1 (en) * 1996-03-04 1997-09-12 Borealis A/S Multilayer pipe
WO1997033116A1 (en) * 1996-03-04 1997-09-12 Borealis A/S Multilayer pipe
US6187402B1 (en) 1996-03-04 2001-02-13 Borealis A/S Multilayer pipe
WO1998049486A1 (en) * 1997-04-30 1998-11-05 Westaflex Automobile Societe Anonyme Pipe for circulating gaseous fluids in motor vehicles
FR2762892A1 (en) * 1997-04-30 1998-11-06 Westaflex Automobile PIPE FOR THE TRANSPORT OF GASEOUS FLUIDS, ESPECIALLY IN AUTOMOBILES
US6234211B1 (en) 1997-04-30 2001-05-22 Westaflex Automobile Pipe for the ducting of gaseous fluids notably in cars
US8137780B2 (en) 2004-12-03 2012-03-20 Knoch, Kern & Co. Plastic hollow body, in particular plastic pipe
WO2013137745A1 (en) * 2012-03-14 2013-09-19 Purapipe As Multilayer pipeline in a polymer material, device for manufacture of the multilayer pipeline and a method for manufacturing the multilayer pipeline
EA028688B1 (en) * 2012-03-14 2017-12-29 Пьюрэпайп Холдинг Лтд. Multilayer polymer pipeline, device and method for manufacturing such multilayer pipeline
CN102840393A (en) * 2012-09-18 2012-12-26 浙江新大塑料管件有限公司 Double-layer polyethylene pipe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69006701D1 (en) 1994-03-24
HUT58601A (en) 1992-03-30
HU904846D0 (en) 1991-10-28
NO910776L (en) 1991-02-27
BE1004303A3 (en) 1992-10-27
BR9006839A (en) 1991-08-06
FI93988B (en) 1995-03-15
DK0434791T3 (en) 1994-06-13
NO910776D0 (en) 1991-02-27
DE69006701T2 (en) 1994-05-26
MC2147A1 (en) 1992-02-18
EP0434791B1 (en) 1994-02-16
AU5823090A (en) 1991-01-17
RU2046242C1 (en) 1995-10-20
ES2049978T3 (en) 1994-05-01
JPH04500553A (en) 1992-01-30
EP0434791A1 (en) 1991-07-03
ATE101703T1 (en) 1994-03-15
KR920701742A (en) 1992-08-12
NO301995B1 (en) 1998-01-05
HU213662B (en) 1997-09-29
FI910947A0 (en) 1991-02-27
AU641663B2 (en) 1993-09-30

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