WO1990014875A1 - Unite de filtration - Google Patents

Unite de filtration Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1990014875A1
WO1990014875A1 PCT/FI1990/000148 FI9000148W WO9014875A1 WO 1990014875 A1 WO1990014875 A1 WO 1990014875A1 FI 9000148 W FI9000148 W FI 9000148W WO 9014875 A1 WO9014875 A1 WO 9014875A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filtering unit
separating chamber
chamber
unit according
separating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1990/000148
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pertti Vartiainen
Seppo Vartiainen
Kaarlo Korhonen
Original Assignee
Jeven Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FI892739A external-priority patent/FI94220C/fi
Priority claimed from FI901635A external-priority patent/FI901635A/fi
Application filed by Jeven Oy filed Critical Jeven Oy
Publication of WO1990014875A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990014875A1/fr
Priority to FI915447A priority Critical patent/FI915447A0/fi
Priority to NO914757A priority patent/NO914757D0/no

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B01D46/12—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces in multiple arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
    • B04C5/04—Tangential inlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/24—Multiple arrangement thereof
    • B04C5/28—Multiple arrangement thereof for parallel flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/20—Removing cooking fumes
    • F24C15/2035—Arrangement or mounting of filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
    • B04C2009/002—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks with external filters

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a filtering unit as defined in the introductory part of claim 1.
  • An important area of application of filtering units are the fat filters used in kitchens.
  • a fat filter separates fat and other impuritites from the vapours and fumes produced in connection with cooking, thereby preventing these detrimental and inflammable substances from getting into the ventilation system.
  • the fat filter is usually placed in an air exhauster mounted above the cooker or equivalent. In recent times, it has also become common to mount a fat filter in an air exhaust duct in the ceiling of the kitchen.
  • the purpose of fat filters is to keep the air ducts and fans clean and to improve fire safety and hygiene.
  • the requirements on a good fat filter are a high filtering efficiency, easy maintenance, even pres ⁇ sure drop during the whole cleaning interval, fire safety, good hygienic properties and preservation of a high filtering efficiency even after numerous washing operations.
  • a collision filter consists of metal wires or a metal meshwork.
  • the use of these filters has been clearly declining because they do not meet the require ⁇ ments imposed on fat filters.
  • Their worst drawbacks are the danger of fire, change of pressure drop during use and a short service life.
  • centrifugal filters The worst problem with centrifugal filters is their relatively low filtering percentage.
  • the best centrifugal filters can separate 80 % of 5- ⁇ particles.
  • the filtering percentage must be at least 80 % for 3- ⁇ particles and over 98 % for 5- ⁇ particles.
  • the low filtering percentage of currently used centrifugal filters is due to imperfections in their construction. Examples of this kind of coarse filters are found in patent publications FI 77164, DE 2718611, DE 2731996, IT 471267, US 3813856, US 3834135 and US 3910782. In practice, the filtering percentage of such filters varies greatly depending on the magnitude of the air current. Also, deficient technical design regarding the flow dynamics results in noise problems.
  • the cyclone is a coarse filter commonly used in industry. Depending on the size and ratings of the cyclone, it can reach a filtering percentage of up to 90 % for 2- ⁇ particles. Examples of cyclone applications are US-patents 3948771 and 4375365. Fl-patent 77163 presents a filter which is supposed to achieve a better filtering efficiency without using rotary motion, but the results have not improved significantly. This is due to the disadvantageous construciton of the separat ⁇ or.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks referred to above.
  • a specific object of the invention is to achieve a filter that is better and cheaper than previously known filters employ ⁇ ing the centrifugal prinicple. More specifically, the invention aims at a filtering unit that is simple and cheap to manufacture and whose filtering percentage is such that the air ducts and fans will not get dirty. The invention also aims at a filtering unit in which the pressure drop will not change substantially during use, and which is easy to maintain, presents no fire hazard and is usable as a ceiling exhauster, prolonging the service life of the fine filters possibly used in conjunction therewith.
  • the features characteristic of the invention reference is made to the claims.
  • the filtering unit of the invention comprises at least one cylindrical and essentially vertical separ- ating chamber with inflow and outflow openings.
  • the inflow opening is a longitud ⁇ inal, i.e. vertical aperture in the cylindrical wall of the separating chamber, said aperture opening essential ⁇ ly tangentially into the chamber and increasing in width in the downward direction.
  • the inflow opening is prefer ⁇ ably placed closer to the top end of the chamber than to its bottom end.
  • the wall of the separating chamber is prefer ⁇ ably provided with several similar inflow openings placed at about the same height and at even distances around the chamber wall.
  • the filtering unit comprises several adjacent vertical separating chambers connected together to form a suit- able separating chamber module constituting a solid wall, the individual chambers being joined together e.g. with a suitable plate connecting the chambers by their tops, said plate enabling the unit to be mounted on the inlet opening of an air exhaust system.
  • the separating chambers are connected together by. their bottoms by means of a suitable basin receiving the fat and other impurities separated from the air flow and running down the chamber walls.
  • the basic principle of the filtering unit of the invention is that the cylindrical separating chamber is provided with at least one, but preferably several inflow openings whose width increases towards the lower end, which means that most of the air flowing into the separating chamber enters the chamber through the lower part of the inflow opening. Since the inflow openings are so designed that they direct the air flow tangen ⁇ tially into the chamber, the air in the chamber will be set into a rotating motion and most of it will be di ⁇ rected at first towards the bottom of the chamber, rotating along the interior surface of the chamber wall. In the central region of the lower part of the separat- ing chamber, the air flows upwards towards the outflow opening.
  • the air entering the chamber through the upper part of the inflow opening also gets into a rotating motion but is directed upwards towards the outflow opening.
  • the fact that the inflow opening tapers in the upward direction means that essentially the main filter ⁇ ing mechanism in the region of the upper end of the opening is based on the impact effect, whereas in the region of the lower end of the inflow opening the fil ⁇ tering mechanism is based on the rotation of the air current.
  • the fact that the inflow openings have, a taper ⁇ ing form and are placed all around the separating cham ⁇ ber means that the boundary layers are thin, resulting in a better separating efficiency and an essential reduction in the amount of air flowing directly into the outflow opening.
  • Advantageous dimensions of the separating chamber as determined on the basis of experiments are: diameter below 100 mm, preferably 45 - 70 mm, height below 350 mm, preferably 180 - 230 mm, and width of inflow opening at the lower end 10 - 14 mm and 2 - 4 mm at the upper end.
  • the filtering unit of the invention as compared to previously known techniques are a simple construction and consequently low manufac- turing costs, easy cleanability, good separating charac ⁇ teristics, noiseless operation and free constructional adaptability enabling the unit to be fitted to various physical environments.
  • fig. 1 presents an embodiment of the filtering unit of the invention as seen from below
  • fig. 2 presents the unit in fig. 1 as seen from above
  • fig. 3 illustrates the inflow openings of the separating chamber
  • fig. 4 shows a cross section of the separating chamber
  • fig. 5 shows how the separating chamber is connected to a fine filter
  • fig. 6 presents a separating chamber module as provided by the invention
  • fig 7. presents a fine filter as provided by the inven ⁇ tion.
  • An embodiment of the filtering unit of the invention as illustrated by figs. 1 and 2 comprises four adjacent separating chamber modules 5, each module being connected to an air exhaust channel inlet 12 via a fine filter 8 placed between the channel and the module.
  • the separating chamber module consists of five adjacent cylindrical separating chambers 1 joined together by their tops by means of a top plate 6 provided with an outflow opening 3 for each chamber, each opening 3 being essentially concentric with the chamber.
  • the module is provided with a bottom basin 10 which receives the impurities separated in the chamber and running down from it.
  • the wall of the upper part of each separating chamber is provided with inflow openings 2, whose structure and action will be described in detail in connection with figs. 3 and 4.
  • Fig. 7 shows a fine filter 8 which may be used in the filtering unit of the invention. It consists of a box having the form of an essentially rectangular parallelepiped and filled with suitable fine filtering material 13 known in itself.
  • the upper and lower sur- faces of this filtet box are provided with large open ⁇ ings for the flow of the air to be filtered.
  • the cover 14 of the fine filter box protrudes over the longer side walls, forming shoulders 15 enabling the fine filter to be secured on mounting rails 7 provided in the air exhaust channel structure 12.
  • the edges of the bottom of the fine filter box are bent down so as to form mounting rails 9 which corre ⁇ spond to rails 7 and permit the separating chamber module to be similarly attached by its top plate 6 to the fine filter. Since the cover 14 of the fine filter and the top plate 6 of the separating chamber module 5 have essentially the same dimensions while mountig rails
  • the filtering unit of the invention may consist of only separating chamber modules 5 connected directly to the air exhaust channel 12, or, if fine filtering is desir- ed, it may additionally be provided with a fine filter
  • Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate the construction and operation of the separating chamber 1 of the invention.
  • the separating chamber consisting of a cylindrical structure of a round cross section, is provided with inflow openings 2 located in its upper part.
  • these openings have been formed by bending parts 11 of the chamber wall inwards as follows.
  • a vertical incision 16 i.e. an incision parallel to the axis of the separating chamber, has been made in the chamber wall, and a shorter transverse incision 17 has been made at the . lower end of the first incision.
  • the tongue-like part 11 of the chamber wall has then been bent somewhat into the separating chamber along the line 18 connecting the non-coincident ends of the two incisions.
  • the chamber wall is provided with a slit whose width increases steadily in the down ⁇ ward direction and which opens downwards in the region of the transverse incision 17.
  • the slit is direct ⁇ ed essentially tangentially to the interior surface of the chamber.
  • the inflow opening 2 of the separating chamber of the invention acts as follows. As the suction in the air exhaust channel creates a vacuum effect in the separating chamber 1, an air flow as indicated by the arrows 19 is set up at the inflow opening 2. In the narrowest region of the opening 2, i.e. in its upper ⁇ most part, the air flow is of a relatively small volume and is directed essentialy horizontally.
  • the volume of the air flow increases steadily in the downward direc- tion along the slit 2, and simultaneously its direction turns steadily downwards.
  • the largest and strong ⁇ est air flow occurs in the lower part of the opening 2 and is directed towards the lower part of the separat ⁇ ing chamber, where it forms a centrifugal flow rotating along the chamber wall.
  • the separating chamber acts mostly as a centrifugal separator while the air rises upwards through the central part of the separating chamber.
  • the main filtering mechanism is based on the impact effect.
  • the separating cham ⁇ ber module 5 is preferably constructed from two plates 20 and 21 which are provided with the shapes correspond ⁇ ing to the two halves of the separating chamber with inflow openings and attached together against each other.
  • this construction allows separating chamber modules of different lengths and shapes to be produced according to need and in a manner as cheap and simple as possible.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité de filtration conçue pour être utilisée dans des systèmes d'évacuation d'air, afin d'éliminer les impuretés de l'air à évacuer, ladite unité comprenant au moins une chambre de séparation (1) cylindrique et verticale, dotée d'orifices d'admission (2) et de sortie (3). Ledit orifice d'admission est constitué par une ouverture longitudinale située dans la paroi cylindrique (4) de ladite chambre de séparation (1), ledit orifice d'ouverture débouchant de manière tangentielle dans la chambre et augmentant en largeur vers le bas.
PCT/FI1990/000148 1989-06-05 1990-06-04 Unite de filtration WO1990014875A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI915447A FI915447A0 (fi) 1989-06-05 1991-11-18 Filterenhet.
NO914757A NO914757D0 (no) 1989-06-05 1991-12-04 Filtreringsenhet

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI892739A FI94220C (fi) 1989-06-05 1989-06-05 Karkeasuodatin
FI892739 1989-06-05
FI901635A FI901635A (fi) 1990-03-30 1990-03-30 Filterenhet.
FI901635 1990-03-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990014875A1 true WO1990014875A1 (fr) 1990-12-13

Family

ID=26158561

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1990/000148 WO1990014875A1 (fr) 1989-06-05 1990-06-04 Unite de filtration

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0474686A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990014875A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991015311A1 (fr) * 1990-03-30 1991-10-17 Jeven Oy Appareil de ventilation
JP5638725B1 (ja) * 2013-03-01 2014-12-10 繁 中島 排気フィルタ
EP3239457A4 (fr) * 2014-12-23 2018-07-25 FMC Technologies Do Brasil LTDA Module récupérable pour environnements sous-marins et ses utilisations

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1840832A (en) * 1927-09-02 1932-01-12 Ac Spark Plug Co Air cleaner
US1923515A (en) * 1930-07-21 1933-08-22 Stull Process Company Whirlpool cleaner
US2233079A (en) * 1938-03-16 1941-02-25 Centrifix Corp Centrifugal tuyere
US2580648A (en) * 1946-01-21 1952-01-01 United Specialties Co Air cleaner
US3969096A (en) * 1974-10-16 1976-07-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Cyclone separator having multiple-vaned gas inlets
EP0206204A1 (fr) * 1985-06-19 1986-12-30 Gutermuth, Paul, sen. Séparateur pour fluide gazeux

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1840832A (en) * 1927-09-02 1932-01-12 Ac Spark Plug Co Air cleaner
US1923515A (en) * 1930-07-21 1933-08-22 Stull Process Company Whirlpool cleaner
US2233079A (en) * 1938-03-16 1941-02-25 Centrifix Corp Centrifugal tuyere
US2580648A (en) * 1946-01-21 1952-01-01 United Specialties Co Air cleaner
US3969096A (en) * 1974-10-16 1976-07-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Cyclone separator having multiple-vaned gas inlets
EP0206204A1 (fr) * 1985-06-19 1986-12-30 Gutermuth, Paul, sen. Séparateur pour fluide gazeux

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991015311A1 (fr) * 1990-03-30 1991-10-17 Jeven Oy Appareil de ventilation
US5322470A (en) * 1990-03-30 1994-06-21 Jeven Oy Ventilation apparatus
JP5638725B1 (ja) * 2013-03-01 2014-12-10 繁 中島 排気フィルタ
EP3239457A4 (fr) * 2014-12-23 2018-07-25 FMC Technologies Do Brasil LTDA Module récupérable pour environnements sous-marins et ses utilisations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0474686A1 (fr) 1992-03-18

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