WO1990009361A1 - Diamond composites - Google Patents
Diamond composites Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1990009361A1 WO1990009361A1 PCT/AU1990/000052 AU9000052W WO9009361A1 WO 1990009361 A1 WO1990009361 A1 WO 1990009361A1 AU 9000052 W AU9000052 W AU 9000052W WO 9009361 A1 WO9009361 A1 WO 9009361A1
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- Prior art keywords
- diamond
- composites
- oxide
- ceramic
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- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052575 non-oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011225 non-oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910011255 B2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beryllium oxide Chemical compound O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010042135 Stomatitis necrotising Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000008585 noma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 206010000060 Abdominal distension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910009043 WC-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005354 aluminosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010427 ball clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024330 bloating Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005486 microgravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- DIAMOND COMPOSITES The present invention relates to composites of diamonds and ceramics.
- Diamond drill bits have also permitted advances in geology by enabling core samples of rocks to be cut and brought to the surface for examination.
- Wire drawing dies have also been made from diamonds especially in applications requiring wire of accurate and consistent diameter made from hard materials. Electric light filaments are made in this way.
- Ceramics have been used for thousands of years in a variety of applications. They have been used in the construction industry, and in the production of ornaments, enamels and refractories. The refractory properties of ceramics have generated a new wave of interest in these materials particularly for use in internal combustion engines of high efficiency.
- USP 1, 307,713 [3] discloses an article containing in excess of 50% diamond combined with alumina, beryllia or magnesia. Pressures required were in excess of 1 GPa and the temperature was greater than 900 degrees K.
- USP 2 334 266 to the Carborundum Company [15] discloses glass composites.
- the glass was made of silica, boric oxide, sodium oxide and a small amount of alumina.
- USP 2 566 828 [16] discloses a system involving lead oxide, boric oxide and unvitrified silica (as kaolin, feldspar or quartz). The processing temperature was less than the graphitisation temperature for diamond.
- European Patent Application No. 0 118 225 [17] discloses a compact involving more than 70% diamond and a glassy phase the melting temperature of which was between 800 and 1400 degrees C.
- the composites found in this area are technically compacts, being usually in excess of 70vol% diamond. They require specialised processing which usually involves very high pressures to keep the diamond in the stable region of the diamond/graphite equilibrium diagram. Typical of these compacts are those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,525,178; 3,767,371; 3,944,398 a'hd 4,171,973, all involving abrasive materials and their - manufacture. All quote pressures in GPa or state that they are maintaining diamond stability. Two exceptions disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,097,274 and 4,164,527 " involve unusual processing techniques and rely on high temperature for very short periods of time.
- the present invention provides. a diamond composite comprising diamond particles bound together in a matrix of an oxide or non-oxide ceramic other than silicon carbide wherein the diamond particles comprise less than 70 volume per cent of the composite.
- oxide ceramic includes all materials containing oxygen which behave as ceramics at elevated temperatures. The definition also includes any mixtures of these oxides.
- the oxide ceramics of this invention are oxides of elements with an atomic number greater than 11.
- Oxide ceramics of particular interest include alumina, yttria/zirconia, cordierite (2Mg0.2Al_0-, .5Si0 9 ) and Mullite (3A1 2 0 3 .2Si0 2 ) .
- the diamond particles are less than 100 microns in size.
- non-oxide ceramic includes all materials containing carbon, nitrogen, boron or a combination of these elements that behave as a ceramic at elevated temperatures.
- examples of non-oxide ceramics include silicon nitride, aluminium nitride, chromium carbide, titanium diboride, boron carbide and boron nitride. Silicon carbide is specifically excluded as a matrix material f -om this invention.
- the non-o ⁇ i ⁇ e ceramics showing greatest promise for use in forming the diamond composites of the present invention are aluminium nitride and chromium carbide.
- the composites of the present invention may be formed by techniques such as hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing or pre ⁇ sureless sintering.
- Hot pressing involves pressing a mixture of the constituents in a graphite die at temperatures below 1750 C and pressures not exceeding 100 MPa.
- Hot isostatic pressing utilises pressures of approximately 180 MPa.
- the present invention also provides a method of 5 forming the diamond composites.
- the method of forming the compositions involves taking an intimate mixture of diamond particles and a powder of an oxide or non-oxide ceramic, compacting the mixture and densifying/sintering it in a reducing environment at temperatures below 1750 C 0 and pressures not exceeding 200 MPa. Dies made of graphite provide a suitable reducing environment.
- the composites of the present invention have a -variety of potential applications determined largely by the properties that they exhibit which in turn are 5 dependent on their composition. Composites containing between 20% and 40% diamond particles by volume appear to exhibit optimum properties.
- Figure 1 is a schematic elevation of the hot pressing apparatus employed;
- Figure 2 is an elevation in cross section of the graphite die depicted in Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a schematic elevation of apparatus used in grinding trials
- FIG. 4 to 7 illustrate some of the physical properties of composites according to the invention.
- Figure 8 is a diamond/graphite phase diagram
- Figure 9 is a graph illustrating a property of a composite according to the invention.
- Figure 10 is a diamond/graphite phase diagram.
- Figure 1 illustrates hot pressing apparatus 1 which comprises an hydraulic ram 2, a graphite die 5, a copper induction heating coil 3 and insulation 4 between the die and the coils of the induction heater.
- the die is mounted on a base plate 6.
- the graphite die 5 depicted in Figure 2 has a central bore 9 into which graphite plunger 7 fits snugly. The bottom of the bore is blocked with a graphite base plug 11.
- Composite mixtures 10 are placed in the bore above the base plug , and separated one from the other by graphite spacers 12.
- the induction coil used in the hot pressing apparatus described above was a 30 Kw R.F. induction heater.
- the tip of the ram is separated from the graphite plunger by an insulating spacer 8 generally made from zirconia or silicon carbide.
- the dies and other graphite components are made of high strength graphite.
- the maximum pressure which can be applied to the compositions is therefore determined by the co pressive strength of the graphite.
- the dies employed in preparing composites of the present invention were 150 mm in height, 100 mm in diameter and had bores having a diameter of 12.5 or 15.9 mm.
- Composites of the present invention may be prepared using the following method.
- Diamond particles of appropriate size are selected by using standard sizing techniques.
- the diamond particles are then mixed with an ceramic powder by a simple shaking technique in the presence of spherical acrylic mixing media.
- a weighed quantity of powder is poured into a steel die having an., internal bore of either 12.5 mm or 15.9 mm diameter and uniaxially pressed at a pressure of 76 MPa.
- a pellet having a thickness of about 3 mm is obtained.
- the pellet is placed in the hot pressing apparatus described above and hot pressed.
- the technique of hot pressing involves heating a material to a temperature at which densification can occur and applying an external pressure to increase the rate at which densification occurs.
- the cycle used in hot pressing is generally such that the die assemblage is heated at a constant rate to the densification temperature, held there for a specified time, then allowed to cool without interruption i.e. the induction heater is turned off and the die is left to cool.
- the heating rate employed enables the die assemblage to reach the required temperature in 20/30 minutes.
- the holding time is generally less than 30 minutes.
- the pressure is applied once the densification temperature has been reached. However, in some cases this is not possible and the pressure is applied earlier.
- the pressure applied was 65 MPa.
- the assemblage is generally cool enough to remove from the heater within 3 hours by which time the pressure drops to about 10 MPa.
- a 12mm diameter hollow grinding tool 21 was fabricated from the composite and mounted on a spindle 21 using screw 24 as shown in Figures 3a and b.
- the material being ground was a Mg.PSZ rod 22 (12 mm OD) as shown in Figure 3c.
- the rotational speed of the zirconia was 160 rpm, and of the grinding spindle 600 rpm.
- the cut depth was varied from 0.01 mm to 0.12 mm, and always two passes at each depth of cut were taken.
- the feed rate was maintained at 6 cm/minute.
- the laser-flash technique was used to determine thermal diffusivity. This method is an ASTM technique:- ASTM E.370503 "Thermal Diffusivity by the Flash Method".
- a diamond powder with a size range of 0.5-3.0 micron was dry mixed with Alumina powder using a polyethylene container and "plastic" milling media. The resulting mix contained 20 vol.% diamond.
- the mixture was formed into pellets by pressing uniaxially in a 12.5 mm diameter steel die at a pressure of 76 MPa. These pellets weighed between 1.0 and 1.5 grammes each. They were placed in a graphite die and hot-pressed at 1550 C for 30 minutes at a pressure of 65 MPa.
- the resultant composite was a dense material containing Alumina and uniformly dispersed diamond (as determined by X-ray diffraction techniques). The discs were ground to give parallel sides and mechanical properties determined. The modulus of rupture was found to be 50% that of the matrix alone, however, the Vickers hardness using a 30 kg indentation load had increased by 19%.
- Example 2
- Example 2 Using the method described in Example 1, a ' composite was made containing a 3 mol% Yttria/Zirconia powder. The pellets so formed were hot-pressed at 1450°C for 30 minutes.
- the resultant composite was a dense material containing Yttria/Zirconia and dispersed diamond.
- the modulus of rupture of the composite was found to be 74% that of the matrix material alone.
- the Vickers Hardness (20 kg load) was increased by 22% and the Fracture Toughness (determined by indentation technique) was • increased by 93%.
- Example 2 Using the method described in Example 1, a composite was made using a commercially available cordierite powder. The diamond loading was 30 vol%, and the size fraction was 0.5 - 3.0 micron. The pellets were hot pressed at 1350°C for 35 minutes, a pressure of 35 MPa being applied for the final 10 minutes of the cycle. The resultant composite was diamond in a matrix of better than 90% alpha cordierite, and some silica.
- This composite achieved a strength 1.4 times that of the matrix material alone.
- Example 4 Using the method described in Example 1 a composite was produced using as the matrix: wt.% Sierralite 24.5 Metatalc 26.5 Metakaolin 49.0 >-' Diamonds in the 0.5-3.0 micron size range were added at a 40 vol% loading. The composite was hot pressed at 1330°C in the same way as Example 3, and contained in excess of 90% alpha cordierite. This composite achieved a strength 2.67 times that of the matrix material alone (which was an extremely difficult material to hot press).
- Example 4 Using the same matrix composition as Example 4, a composite was made containing 30 vol% of diamonds, 80% of which were less than 38 micron in size. This material achieved a strength 2.18 times that of the matrix alone.
- a small grinding tool was fabricated from the matrix material of Example 4 and diamonds with +38-53 micron size range at a 30 vol% loading.
- the grinding trials were performed against MgPSZ. At a cut depth of 0.0125 mm the MRR was 111. This declined to 50 at 0.0625 mm and increased again to 110 at 0.125 mm.
- the grinding tool similar to that of Example 6 was fabricated using a commercial cordierite powder.
- the MRR at a cut depth of 0.012-5 mm was 48.
- Example 8 A composite was produced using a commercially available cordierite with a 30% loading of 38-50 micron diamonds. The thermal diffusivity was determined using the laser flash technique. It was found that this addition of diamond increased the diffusivity by a factor of four. - 15 -
- a diamond powder with a mean particle size of 40 microns (and a maximum of 60 microns) was dry mixed, with aluminium nitride powder using a polyethylene container and "plastic" milling media.
- the aluminium nitride contained a sintering aid (calcium oxide at 2 wt.% loading) and the resulting mix was 20 vol.% diamond.
- This mixture was formed into pellets by pressing uniaxially in a 12.7 mm diameter steel die at a pressure of 76 MPa. These pellets weighed between 1.0 and 1.5 grammes each. They were placed in a graphite die and hot pressed at 1725 C for 10 minutes at a pressure of 65 MPa.
- the resultant composite was a dense material containing aluminium nitride and uniformly dispersed diamond (as determined by X-ray diffraction techniques). A disc of the composite was ground to give parallel sides, and its mechanical properties determined. The - modulus of rupture was found to be 80% that of the matrix material alone and the hardness was comparable to that of Aluminium nitride.
- Diamonds in the size range 38-53 micron were dry mixed with aluminium nitride powder which had been attrition-milled in isopropanol to reduce the mean particle size to 1.1 micron.
- the diamond loading was 30 vol%.
- Example 9 The material from Example 9 was tested for thermal diffusivity. It was found that:
- Example 12 A chromium carbide powder was mixed with diamond in the same manner as described in Example 1. A sintering aid was again required, being vanadium pentoxide at 1 wt.%.
- the pellets were hot pressed at 1700°C for 5 minutes at a pressure of 65 MPa.
- FIG. 8 is a diamond/graphite phase diagram that illustrates the temperatures and pressures at which composites of diamonds and oxide ceramics according to the present invention are formed by comparison to those of the prior art.
- the numerals refer to the following publications:
- Figure 10 is a diamond/graphite phase diagram.
- the reference numbers marked on Figure 10 indicate the approximate temperatures and pressures at which composites of diamond and non-oxide ceramics according to the present invention and those of the prior art are formed. These are as follows: ,525,171
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPJ2694 | 1989-02-13 | ||
| AUPJ269489 | 1989-02-13 | ||
| AUPJ269589 | 1989-02-13 | ||
| AUPJ2695 | 1989-02-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1990009361A1 true WO1990009361A1 (en) | 1990-08-23 |
Family
ID=25643625
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU1990/000052 WO1990009361A1 (en) | 1989-02-13 | 1990-02-12 | Diamond composites |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE4090245T (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB2246773A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| WO (1) | WO1990009361A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100259011A1 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2010-10-14 | Joachim Otschik | Seal ring of a mechanical seal assembly |
| US8505654B2 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2013-08-13 | Element Six Limited | Polycrystalline diamond |
| US8697259B2 (en) | 2008-05-16 | 2014-04-15 | Anine Hester Ras | Boron carbide composite materials |
| WO2015015030A1 (es) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic) | Material compuesto nanoestructurado con propiedades gemológicas |
| CN104591783A (zh) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-05-06 | 吉林大学 | 一种金刚石表面镀碳化硼的方法 |
| WO2015167358A1 (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-11-05 | Federal State Budgetary Institution "Technological Institute For Superhard And Novel Carbon Materials" | Method of obtaining a carbon-based composite material, and the composite material obtained thereby |
| CN117004925A (zh) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-11-07 | 深圳市博源碳晶科技有限公司 | 一种金刚石氮化铝基复合材料及其制备方法 |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4171973A (en) * | 1977-05-04 | 1979-10-23 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Diamond/sintered carbide cutting tool |
| JPS5567570A (en) * | 1978-11-14 | 1980-05-21 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Ultrahigh pressure sintered tool material |
| JPS5622676A (en) * | 1979-07-26 | 1981-03-03 | Kuratomi Tatsuro | Diamond cubic boron nitride composite solidifed body and its manufacture |
| JPS56129673A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1981-10-09 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Tenacious antiabrasive super high pressure sintered hard material |
| JPS56129672A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1981-10-09 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Tenacious antiabrasive sintered hard material |
| US4303442A (en) * | 1978-08-26 | 1981-12-01 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Diamond sintered body and the method for producing the same |
| US4525178A (en) * | 1984-04-16 | 1985-06-25 | Megadiamond Industries, Inc. | Composite polycrystalline diamond |
| JPS60162747A (ja) * | 1984-02-03 | 1985-08-24 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 複合ダイヤモンド焼結体およびその製造方法 |
-
1990
- 1990-02-12 DE DE19904090245 patent/DE4090245T/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-02-12 WO PCT/AU1990/000052 patent/WO1990009361A1/en active Application Filing
-
1991
- 1991-08-09 GB GB9117308A patent/GB2246773A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4171973A (en) * | 1977-05-04 | 1979-10-23 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Diamond/sintered carbide cutting tool |
| US4303442A (en) * | 1978-08-26 | 1981-12-01 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Diamond sintered body and the method for producing the same |
| JPS5567570A (en) * | 1978-11-14 | 1980-05-21 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Ultrahigh pressure sintered tool material |
| JPS5622676A (en) * | 1979-07-26 | 1981-03-03 | Kuratomi Tatsuro | Diamond cubic boron nitride composite solidifed body and its manufacture |
| JPS56129673A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1981-10-09 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Tenacious antiabrasive super high pressure sintered hard material |
| JPS56129672A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1981-10-09 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Tenacious antiabrasive sintered hard material |
| JPS60162747A (ja) * | 1984-02-03 | 1985-08-24 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 複合ダイヤモンド焼結体およびその製造方法 |
| US4525178A (en) * | 1984-04-16 | 1985-06-25 | Megadiamond Industries, Inc. | Composite polycrystalline diamond |
| US4525178B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1984-04-16 | 1990-03-27 | Megadiamond Ind Inc |
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| Title |
|---|
| DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 29802D/17, Class L02; & JP,A,56 022 676 (KURATOMIT) 3 March 1981. * |
| DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 47265C/27, Class L02; & JP,A,55 067 570 (MITSUBISHI METAL K.K.) 21 May 1980. * |
| DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 86310D/47, Class L02; & JP,A,56 129 672, (MITSUBISHI METAL K.K.) 9 October 1981. * |
| DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 86311D/47, Class L02; & JP,A,56 129 673 (MITSUBISHI METAL K.K.), 9 October 1981. * |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100259011A1 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2010-10-14 | Joachim Otschik | Seal ring of a mechanical seal assembly |
| US8697259B2 (en) | 2008-05-16 | 2014-04-15 | Anine Hester Ras | Boron carbide composite materials |
| US8505654B2 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2013-08-13 | Element Six Limited | Polycrystalline diamond |
| WO2015015030A1 (es) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic) | Material compuesto nanoestructurado con propiedades gemológicas |
| WO2015167358A1 (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2015-11-05 | Federal State Budgetary Institution "Technological Institute For Superhard And Novel Carbon Materials" | Method of obtaining a carbon-based composite material, and the composite material obtained thereby |
| CN104591783A (zh) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-05-06 | 吉林大学 | 一种金刚石表面镀碳化硼的方法 |
| CN117004925A (zh) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-11-07 | 深圳市博源碳晶科技有限公司 | 一种金刚石氮化铝基复合材料及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4090245T (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1992-01-30 |
| GB2246773A (en) | 1992-02-12 |
| GB9117308D0 (en) | 1991-09-25 |
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