WO1990006823A1 - Appareil d'extrusion - Google Patents

Appareil d'extrusion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990006823A1
WO1990006823A1 PCT/GB1989/001507 GB8901507W WO9006823A1 WO 1990006823 A1 WO1990006823 A1 WO 1990006823A1 GB 8901507 W GB8901507 W GB 8901507W WO 9006823 A1 WO9006823 A1 WO 9006823A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
extrusion
die
chamber
billet
thrust
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1989/001507
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Edward Buttress
Original Assignee
Aluminium Shapes Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aluminium Shapes Ltd filed Critical Aluminium Shapes Ltd
Publication of WO1990006823A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990006823A1/fr
Priority to GB9109544A priority Critical patent/GB2243317B/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
    • B21C23/218—Indirect extrusion presses

Definitions

  • This invention relates to extrusion apparatus. More particularly, the invention relates to indirect extrusion apparatus in which a die, mounted for example on a projecting stem, is caused to slide through an extrusion chamber containing a billet of material to be extruded, for example aluminium, which is thus extruded through the die.
  • the invention is particularly, but not exclusively, applicable to extrusion presses of small to medium size. That is to say, the invention is particularly applicable to presses developing a working load of up to 1600 tons, and preferably to presses of up to 1000 tons, and more preferably still to presses of up to 600 tons.
  • Fig 2 of the accompanying drawings illustrates the corresponding principles of indirect extrusion in which the die is forced through the stationary billet, thereby avoiding the frictional losses of the direct extrusion process, and the consequential variability in the loading of the press which is required.
  • the indirect extrusion technique has its own shortcomings, including the fact that the extruded section emerges, of course, through the die, which is exactly where the extrusion thrust has to be applied.
  • Fig 3 illustrates a prior proposal in this regard, in which the extrusion thrust is applied by the piston rods of a series of rams grouped symmetrically about the axis of the extrusion chamber, the piston rods acting in tension and themselves serving to guide the inwards sliding movement of the (axially) relatively short die stem.
  • the rams are actuated in the extrusion direction by application of pressure to their rod side chambers.
  • indirect extrusion apparatus comprises an extrusion die and an extrusion chamber to receive the die and a billet of a material to be extruded.
  • the chamber is positioned in relation to the die to permit sliding movement of the die in the chamber relative to the billet, for the die to engage the billet and by relative movement of the die and the chamber, to cause the billet to be at least partially extruded therethrough.
  • Thrust means is provided to generate extrusion thrust, and connection means to connect the thrust means to the billet and the die to transmit the extrusion thrust.
  • connection means comprises a framework connected at one side or end to the assembly of the die and the extrusion chamber, and its other end to the thrust means.
  • the thrust means comprises an hydraulic ram connected to the assembly of the die and the extrusion chamber so that pressurisation of the headside chamber of ram generates thrust in the direct to cause extrusion of the billet.
  • a slidable mounting is provided for at least part of the assembly of the die and the extrusion chamber, with respect to the framework.
  • the preferred arrangement is that the die itself is fixed to the framework, for example by means of a die stem, and the extrusion chamber is slidably mounted with respect to the framework. It would be possible to provide for the chamber to be fixed to the framework and for the die stem to be slidably mounted thereon.
  • extrusion thrust generated by the headside chamber of the actuating rams is applied directly to the extrusion chamber/die assembly while the reaction thrust is transmitted by a simple rugged framework acting in tension, and directly connecting the rams and the die or chamber.
  • the benefits of indirect extrusion are retained.
  • the disadvantages of rodside chamber actuation to cause extrusion are avoided.
  • the rams can be mounted on a bulkhead which is spaced by the extending piston rods from the heat of the billet chamber, and the sliding structures are guided by a rugged framework which transmits the reaction thrust generated during extrusion.
  • At least two rams, and preferably three of four rams are disposed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the extrusion chamber, the rams being mounted at one end of the framework and the pistons being connected to a bulkhead slidable on the frame, the bulkhead carrying the extrusion chamber, and the die stem being fixed to the other end of the frame, whereby headside chamber pressurisation causes action thrust to slide the chamber and its billet onto the relatively fixed die while reaction thrust is transmitted (as tension in the framework) to the die stem.
  • the billet chamber is mounted for sliding movement on two bulkheads at opposite axial ends of the chamber. Openings are formed in both of the bulkheads, at one end for axial insertion of the billet into the chamber, and at the other end to receive the die stem.
  • the weight of the extrusion chamber may also be slidably supported on the machine base.
  • the framework may comprise four linear tension rods disposed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the extrusion chamber .
  • Figs 1, 2 and 3 show, somewhat schematically, sections through three prior proposals
  • Fig 4 shows, likewise schematically, a representation of an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig 5 shows an elevation view of an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig 6 shows an end elevation of the apparatus of Fig 5, the direction of viewing being indicated in Fig 5 by the arrow IV.
  • Fig 1 shows direct extrusion apparatus 10 in which extrusion thrust applied to a thrust member 12 slidable in an extrusion chamber 14 causes extrusion of a billet 16 through a die 18 to produce an extruded section 20 of the desired cross-sectional shape. This apparatus has been discussed above.
  • Fig 2 shows the corresponding indirect extrusion apparatus 30 in which the extrusion chamber 32 is closed by a fixed end 34 and billet 36 is extruded by sliding movement of die 38 within chamber 32, by thrust applied to die stem 40 in the direction indicated by arrows 42. This system has also been discussed above.
  • Fig 3 shows the indirect extrusion system of Fig 2 as incorporated into a prior proposal, discussed above, for extrusion of aluminium. Reference numerals in Fig 3 correspond to those of Fig 2.
  • Actuation of the press 30 is effected by multiple double-acting rams 44 mounted at the rear end of billet chamber 32, with long piston rods 46 acting in tension to apply extrusion forces to die stem 40 and thus produce an extruded section 48. Hydraulic pressure for the extrusion operation is generated by pressurisation of the rodside chambers 50 of the rams 44.
  • this prior proposal suffers from the shortcomings that up to 12 such rams 44 may be needed to generate the necessary extrusion forces, failures of the gland seals at 52 occur, leading to oil escape and fire hazards. Also, failure of the connection between the pistons 54 and the piston rods 46 occur, and guidance of the die stem 40 and the die 38 on the piston rods 46 is less than perfect.
  • extrusion apparatus 100 for extruding a material, such as aluminium, through an extrusion die comprises a die 102 and an extrusion chamber 104.
  • the extrusion chamber is to receive a billet 106 of a material to be extruded.
  • the chamber 104 is positioned in relation to die 102 to permit the billet 106 to engage and be partially extruded through the die.
  • Thrust means 108 in the form of an hydraulic ram 110, is provided to generate extrusion thrust between billet 106 and the die 102, to effect extrusion.
  • Connection means 112 is provided and connects the thrust means 108 to the billet 106 and die 102, to transmit the extrusion thrust.
  • Connection means 112 comprise, tension members 114 and compression members 116 which act, in use, respectively in tension and compression and are disposed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the apparatus. In this way, in use, the action and reaction forces generated by thrust means 108 are directly interconnected by the connecting means 112 without relying on a connection to the machine base 118 (effectively the ground) to resist of one these.
  • the apparatus 100 is indeed connected to and mounted on a concrete base and thus on the ground, but the arrangement is such that the forces arising from the extrusion process are not required to be transmitted to the base.
  • thrust means 108 comprises a ram 110.
  • the ram is shown with a piston 120 acting directly through compression members 116 on billet 106.
  • the ram could be rearranged, as also shown in Fig 4, with its cylinder 122 disposed in the opposite direction and the piston 124 connected accordingly.
  • Tension members 114 comprise tension rods 126 disposed symmetrically about the axis of extrusion chamber 104. In the embodiment described below, four such tension rods are provided. It would be possible to provide only three, or even two in certain circumstances.
  • the tension rods are connected, in the manner more fully described below with reference to Figs 5 and 6 to the cylinder 128 of ram 110.
  • this theoretical diagram of Fig 4 only one ram 110 is shown, disposed on the axis of extrusion chamber 104, whereas in the embodiment of Figs 5 and 6, four such rams are provided, disposed symmetically about the axis of the billet chamber or container. This configuration is adopted in order to provide for convenient loading of the billets for extrusion.
  • the billet chamber or container 104 for the billet 106, together with its associated compression members 116 are slidably mounted on the tie rods 126 by means of guides 130, to be more fully described below.
  • the structure shown in Figs 5 an 6 comprises, basically, the four tie rods 126 interconnecting two fixed bulkheads 132, 134, which are mounted on machine base 118, two sliding bulkheads 136, 138, and the four rams 110, which are mounted on bulkhead 132. Die 102 is mounted on bulkhead 134.
  • the fixed bulkheads, or end plates, 132, 134 form, with the tie rods 126 a strong and rigid rectangular framework, within which the forces arising during the extrusion process are contained. Nuts 140 secure this framework in rigid assembled condition.
  • Rams 110 are mounted on bulkhead 132 so that their cylinders 128 transmit to the bulkhead the reaction forces generated by hydrualic fluid pressure therein during use.
  • the piston rods 142 of rams 110 extend through clearance openings in bulkhead 132 and are received in corresponding recesses formed in bulkhead 136, as shown in Fig 5, for the application of thrust thereto.
  • Bulkheads 136 and 138 are mounted, by virtue of the sliding joints 130, on tie rods 126, as a slidable assembly, being fixed together by tie bolts 144, for movement in unison.
  • Billet chamber or container 104 is mounted therebetween, and has a cylindrical central opening 146 to receive billet 106.
  • a central opening 148 in bulkhead 136 is arranged co-axially with chamber 146, whereby a billet can be inserted in the axial direction.
  • a shear plate 150 is provided to transmit the conpressive extrusion thrust to the billet from rams 110. Plate 150 can be swung away from its working position for loading purposes.
  • An adjoining plate 152 has a correspondingly aligned central aperture 154 and cooperates with shear plate 150 in the loading process.
  • Bulkhead or mounting plate 138 has a central opening, likewise aligned with chamber 146, to receive die 102, as described below.
  • Bulkheads 136 and 138 are pinned at 156 to a sliding plate 158 supported on the machine frame or base 118, whereby the assembly of the bulkheads and the extrusion chamber or container can freely slide in use.
  • Die 102 is carried on a die stem 152 on bulkhead 134 and projects axially therefrom to be slidingly received in chamber 146.
  • the central opening 160 of the die is aligned with corresponding openings 162 in bulkhead 134 and a mounting 164 for the die stem.
  • Piston rods 142 are secured to bulkhead 136 by respective bolts 166, for retraction purposes.
  • a heated billet 106 is inserted into container or billet chamber 104, and shear plate 150 is closed.
  • Rams 110 are energised. Reaction thrust from the cylinders 128 is transmitted directly to bulkhead 132 and hence to tie rods 126 and the end bulkhead 134, to which the equal and opposite action thrust derived from pistons 142 is applied via bulkhead 136, shear plate 150, the billet 106 itself, die 102 and mounting 164.
  • the billet and the chamber can be slid towards the relatively fixed die 102 on its stem connected to tie rods 126, without the need to "come round the back of the extrusion chamber” for the application of extrusion thrust, in the manner of the prior proposal of Fig 3. Accordingly, headside chamber thrust can be directly applied to the slidable assembly of the extrusion chamber and die, and the reaction thrust generated on the cylinders 128 is contained within the apparatus by means of the framework comprising the tension rods 126.
  • the extruded section emerges through opening 162 in bulkhead 134.
  • the extrusion loads developed during use are all contained entirely within the framework provided by the tie rods and associated structures.
  • the bulkheads 136 and 138, and the associated extrusion chamber are slidably mounted on the tie rods and, by means of the mountings 156, their weight is supported on the base of the machine. However, no significant loads arise in this regard.
  • the above embodiment provides extrusion apparatus in which the benefits of indirect extrusion with reduced power and thrust requirments are combined with the advantages of direct extrusion in which the headside ram chamber thrust is directly applied to the extrusion chamber, and the mechanical and other shortcomings of the prior proposal of Fig 3 are largely mitigated or overcome.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Abstract

Dans l'appareil d'extrusion décrit qui est particulièrement destiné à s'appliquer à des presses de grandeur petite à moyenne et qui utilise l'extrusion indirecte, une queue de matrice (102) coulisse le long d'une chambre d'extrusion (104). La chambre (104) est elle-même montée coulissante sur un système de guidage. La poussée provenant des chambres de tête d'au moins deux béliers (110) est appliquée à la chambre (104). La poussée d'action produite par les cylindres (128) est contenue dans une structure externe reliant les cylindres (128) à la queue de matrice (102). La chambre d'extrusion coulissante (104) est elle-même guidée sur les tiges latérales (126) de la structure, lesquelles sont simplement sous tension.
PCT/GB1989/001507 1988-12-17 1989-12-18 Appareil d'extrusion WO1990006823A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9109544A GB2243317B (en) 1988-12-17 1991-05-02 Extrusion apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8829507.6 1988-12-17
GB888829507A GB8829507D0 (en) 1988-12-17 1988-12-17 Method and apparatus for extrusion

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990006823A1 true WO1990006823A1 (fr) 1990-06-28

Family

ID=10648684

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1989/001507 WO1990006823A1 (fr) 1988-12-17 1989-12-18 Appareil d'extrusion

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (2) GB8829507D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990006823A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2405128A1 (fr) * 1977-10-07 1979-05-04 Kobe Steel Ltd Presse d'extrusion indirecte du type a bati intermediaire
EP0042260A2 (fr) * 1980-06-12 1981-12-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Presse de filage inverse
EP0043025A1 (fr) * 1980-06-23 1982-01-06 SMS HASENCLEVER Maschinenfabrik GmbH Presse pour le filage indirect de métaux et appareil pour enlever des billettes "gelées"
EP0231561A1 (fr) * 1986-01-23 1987-08-12 KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOBE SEIKO SHO also known as Kobe Steel Ltd. Presse à double effet pour l'extrusion indirecte du type à mouvement de recul
EP0329567A1 (fr) * 1988-02-19 1989-08-23 Clecim Procédé de filage de métal, spécialement d'aluminium, et presse de filage pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2405128A1 (fr) * 1977-10-07 1979-05-04 Kobe Steel Ltd Presse d'extrusion indirecte du type a bati intermediaire
EP0042260A2 (fr) * 1980-06-12 1981-12-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Presse de filage inverse
EP0043025A1 (fr) * 1980-06-23 1982-01-06 SMS HASENCLEVER Maschinenfabrik GmbH Presse pour le filage indirect de métaux et appareil pour enlever des billettes "gelées"
EP0231561A1 (fr) * 1986-01-23 1987-08-12 KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOBE SEIKO SHO also known as Kobe Steel Ltd. Presse à double effet pour l'extrusion indirecte du type à mouvement de recul
EP0329567A1 (fr) * 1988-02-19 1989-08-23 Clecim Procédé de filage de métal, spécialement d'aluminium, et presse de filage pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9109544D0 (en) 1991-07-17
GB2243317A (en) 1991-10-30
GB8829507D0 (en) 1989-02-01
GB2243317B (en) 1992-11-04

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