WO1990003958A1

WO1990003958A1 - Soil regenerating composition

Info

Publication number: WO1990003958A1
Application number: PCT/FR1989/000524
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jean-Pierre Jacquinet
Original assignee: Jacquinet Jean Pierre
Priority date: 1988-10-11
Filing date: 1989-10-11
Publication date: 1990-04-19
Also published as: EP0394421A1; FR2637588B1; FR2637588A1; AU4505489A

Abstract

The soil regenerating composition is of the type including at least one clay related to zeolites, benthonites and/or vermiculites, an organic material selected amongst organic materials of plant origin, organic materials or animal origin and mixtures thereof, and at least one agriculturaly acceptable cation. The composition is characterized in that said clay or the mixture of said clay must meet the following double condition: an internal surface higher than 100 m2/g; a cationic exchange capacity higher than 80 milliequivalents/100g of dry product, and in that said organic material has an enzymatic activity such that in one hour one dry compost gramme produces more than 1000 microgrammes of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl phosphate.

Description

Soil regenerating composition.

The subject of the present invention is a regenerative composition for soils, in particular those which have lost their humus and / or their clays, with a view to giving them good fertility.

Document DE-B-1 006 871 proposes for this purpose a composition containing, as clay, a benthonite (possibly associated with a vermiculite), humus as organic matter, and various salts adapted to provide acceptable cations on the plan agricultural. This composition, which constitutes a first approach to the aim pursued, is however not entirely satisfactory because it takes into account, in particular, neither the cation exchange capacity of the clay used, nor the enzymatic activity of the organic matter. .

This is also true of GB-A-2 134 507 which, apart from not relating to a soil regenerating composition but an above-ground culture medium, relates to the use of zeolite in the composition of a such a medium to retain nutrients which otherwise tend to be entrained by water or to evaporate.

The invention proposes to provide a composition suitable for nourishing:

- floor,

- soil microorganisms, and

- plants cultivated on this soil.

These aims are achieved in that it provides a regenerative composition of the type containing at least one clay related to zeolites, benthonites and / or vermiculites, an organic material chosen from organic materials of plant origin, organic materials of origin. animal and their mixtures, and at least one cation acceptable on the agricultural plan, characterized in that: said clay or the mixture of said clays must satisfy the following double condition:

- have an internal surface greater than 100 m ² / g;

- have a cation exchange capacity (C.E.C) greater than 80 milliequivalents / 100g (80 meq / 100g) of dry product, and in that

said organic material has an enzymatic activity such that in one hour, one gram of dry compost produces more than 1000 micrograms of p-nitrophenol, from p-nitrophenyl phosphate (> 1000 μg PNP / h / g).

By internal surface greater than 100 m ² / g is meant that a surface greater than 100 m ² is deployed when 1 g of corresponding product is spread in an elementary layer.

The clay, or the mixture of clays, and the organic matter entering into the composition according to the invention are of colloidal nature.

In their isolated state, these colloidal components are very fragile and sensitive to erosion. The associated cation (s), which are, by definition, positively charged, ensure a stable bond between the colloidal components, negatively charged, by forming with them a clay-humic complex. The regenerative effect of the composition according to the invention which brings into play four factors essential to the fertility of the soil, namely:

- the internal surface of the material

- cation exchange capacity

- the organic matter content and its enzymatic activity

is therefore durable.

Preferably, the composition according to the invention contains:

- from 1 to 35% by weight of clay (s), known as "first component", having an internal surface greater than 100 m ² / g;

- from 3 to 25% by weight of clay (s), called "second component", having a cation exchange capacity greater than 80 milliequivalents / 100g of dry product

- from 30 to 95% by weight of said organic matter, called "third component", and

- from 1 to 5% by weight of a fourth component suitable for providing the said cation (s).

Below 3%, the amount of clay supplied by the first and second components is insufficient to coat the entire third component, while above 35%, the composition becomes too compact to be usable.

Preferably, the clays entering into the formula of the first component are chosen between smectites, sepiolite, vermiculites and allophanes, and the clays entering into the formula of the second component are chosen between vermiculites, natural or synthetic zeolites.

Vermiculites are mentioned under the two headings because they can satisfy the two conditions of internal surface and of C. E. VS .

By way of examples, the composition according to the invention may contain one or more of the following constituents in the concentration ranges indicated:

- 5 to 50% by weight of smectites,

- 5 to 25% by weight of vermiculites,

- 5 to 25% by weight of allophanes,

- 5 to 25% by weight of zeolites.

In a preferred embodiment, the first component is a benthonite (family of smectites) whose internal surface is greater than 450 m ² / g and the second component is a clinoptilolite (family of zeolites) whose CEC is greater than 150 meq / 100g. Clinoptilolite corresponds to the formula (Na, K) ₄ CaAl ₆ Sis. O ₇₂ , 24H ₂ O. It has the advantage of exchanging the cations most useful to the plant world: ammonium (NH ₄ ⁺ : 194.5 meq / 100g); calcium (Ca ⁺⁺ : 58.5 meq / 100g); potassium (K ⁺ : 29.4 meq / 100g) and magnesium (Mg ⁺⁺ : 7.2 meq / 100g).

As regards the third component, it advantageously comes from composting or processing:

- from 60 to 95% by weight of organic matter of plant origin, and

- from 5 to 40% by weight of organic matter of animal origin.

The organic matter of vegetable origin advantageously contains approximately 50% of humus.

The organic materials of plant origin, which are preferably sieved (for example to 5 mm) consist of plant debris mainly from hardwoods, straw and grass. The proportion of plant debris from acidifying plants which may enter the formula of the third component must not exceed 20% by weight, since these plants (coniferous, callunes, gorse, etc.) form an organic matter containing poor quality humus .

The animal organic matter included in the third component consists of excrement from farm animals, as well as by-products and products of animal origin. These organic materials of animal origin are advantageous because the supplements they provide, in particular nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, balance and accelerate the formation of humus from plant debris.

Mixtures of organic materials of plant and animal origin of course include manure, possibly composted.

The qualitative and quantitative choice between the various constituents of the composition depends on the ratio between the destination of the resulting composition and the cost price. Thus, for example, in the case of the cultivation of houseplants, where the quantities used remain low, and where the cost price is not decisive, we will use a benthonite at 750 m ² / g as the first component, clinoptilolite as the second component and the third component will be a compost coming from quality plant or animal substances (straw, sawdust of deciduous trees, horse manure, cattle, etc. ..). However, a minimum enzymatic activity of 1000 μg PNP / h / g dry compost will be required to bring this compost into the composition of the product according to the invention.

On the other hand, for large crops where the quantities used are high, and the cost price a determining factor, we will choose, as the first component, a clay of lower quality than benthonite, for example vermiculite having a lower internal surface. at

500 m ² / g, as a second component, a zeolite less pure than clinoptilolite (mixed clinoptilolite / atapulgite deposits) or whose CEC is lower than that of this preferred zeolite and, as third component, a compost of less expensive origin ( such as various agro-food waste). Within the ranges indicated, all combinations are possible depending on the target market.

The choice of the nature of the fourth component depends on the type of soil. For acid soils, iron will be used. For calcareous soils, calcium and magnesium will be used.

Iron can be supplied by phlogopite (iron-rich micas) or by slag (Thomas slag, for example). Calcium and magnesium can be supplied by dolomite, vegetable or animal ashes, lithothamnium. or any other calcareous, crushed and dried natural seaweed, or even sepiolite which is likely to also enter into the formula of the first component. EXAMPLE

The formulation below is a nonlimiting example of a preferred composition:

sepiolite 15% benthonite 13% clinoptilolite 10% compost 64% dolomite, calcareous algae or phlogopites, slag 1% It is understood that the composition used in practice will be adapted to the different agricultural situations encountered. Thus, in the case of sandy soil, we will insist on the complex clay-humus aspect; in the case of volcanic soil rich in allophanes, it will be the C.E.C. which will be strengthened; in the case of a clay-limestone soil with good C.E.C. but rich in illites (clay with small internal surface), the accent will be put on the aspect "internal surface", etc ...

Claims

1 - Soil regenerating composition, of the type containing at least one clay related to zeolites, benthonites and / or vermiculites, an organic material chosen from organic materials of plant origin, organic materials of animal origin and their mixtures, and to minus an cation acceptable on the agricultural level, characterized in that:

said clay or the mixture of said clays must satisfy the following double condition:

- have an internal surface greater than 100 m ² / g;

- have a cation exchange capacity greater than 80 milliequivalents / 100g of dry product, and in that

said organic material has an enzymatic activity such that in one hour, one gram of dry compost produces more than 1000 micrograms of p-nitrophenol, from p-nitrophenyl phosphate.

2 - Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains:

3 - Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the clay or clays having a satisfactory internal surface are chosen from smectites, sepiolites, vermiculites and allophanes.

4 - Composition according to claim 3, characterized in that the clay or clays having a satisfactory internal surface contain from 5 to 50% by weight of smectites. 5 - Composition according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the clay or clays having a satisfactory internal surface contain from 5 to 25% by weight of vermiculites.

6 - Composition according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the clay or clays having a satisfactory internal surface contain from 5 to 25% by weight of allophanes.

7 - Composition according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the clay having a satisfactory internal surface consists of a benthonite.

8 - Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the clay or clays having a satisfactory cation exchange capacity are chosen between vermiculites and zeolites.

9 - Composition according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the clay or clays having a satisfactory cation exchange capacity contain from 5 to 25% by weight of zeolites.

10 - Composition according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the clay having a satisfactory cation exchange capacity is a clinoptilolite.

11 - Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the organic matter comes from composting or from processing:

- from 60 to 95% by weight of organic matter of plant origin, and

- from 5 to 40% by weight of organic matter of animal origin.

12 - Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the organic matter of plant origin entering the formula of the organic matter contains about 50% of humus.

13 - Composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the organic materials of plant origin entering into the formula of the organic material consist of plant debris originating essentially from hardwoods, straw and grass.

14 - Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the share of plant debris from acidifying plants entering the formula of organic matter does not exceed 20% by weight.

15 - Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the animal organic materials entering into the formula of the organic matter consist of excrement of farm animals and / or by-products and products of animal origin.

16 - Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the cation (s) acceptable (s) on the agricultural level is or are chosen (s) between iron, calcium and magnesium.