WO1989012584A1 - Couvercle sans revetement interieur pour recipients de boissons gazeuses - Google Patents

Couvercle sans revetement interieur pour recipients de boissons gazeuses Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989012584A1
WO1989012584A1 PCT/AU1989/000256 AU8900256W WO8912584A1 WO 1989012584 A1 WO1989012584 A1 WO 1989012584A1 AU 8900256 W AU8900256 W AU 8900256W WO 8912584 A1 WO8912584 A1 WO 8912584A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
closure
rib
container
neck
contiguous
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1989/000256
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rodney Malcolm Druitt
Original Assignee
M.K. Plastics Pty. Limited
Precision Valve Australia Pty. Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25624087&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1989012584(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority to KR1019900700229A priority Critical patent/KR960013293B1/ko
Priority to DE68917938A priority patent/DE68917938D1/de
Priority to JP1506618A priority patent/JPH089391B2/ja
Priority to US07/623,911 priority patent/US5423444A/en
Priority to DE68917938T priority patent/DE68917938T4/de
Priority to RO146577A priority patent/RO108332B1/ro
Priority to EP89907042A priority patent/EP0481981B2/fr
Application filed by M.K. Plastics Pty. Limited, Precision Valve Australia Pty. Limited filed Critical M.K. Plastics Pty. Limited
Priority to BR898907495A priority patent/BR8907495A/pt
Priority claimed from AU37737/89A external-priority patent/AU627746B2/en
Publication of WO1989012584A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989012584A1/fr
Priority to NO905371A priority patent/NO300367B1/no
Priority to FI906178A priority patent/FI91955C/fi
Priority to SU904894271A priority patent/RU2033373C1/ru
Priority to DK199002984A priority patent/DK173621B1/da
Priority to BG93648A priority patent/BG61227B1/bg
Priority to US08/899,285 priority patent/US5836464A/en
Priority to US09/150,342 priority patent/US6082569A/en
Priority to US10/956,077 priority patent/US7431877B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/02—Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
    • B65D41/04—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation
    • B65D41/0407—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with integral sealing means
    • B65D41/0428—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with integral sealing means formed by a collar, flange, rib or the like contacting the top rim or the top edges or the external surface of a container neck
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00—Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/16—Closures not otherwise provided for with means for venting air or gas
    • B65D51/1672—Closures not otherwise provided for with means for venting air or gas whereby venting occurs by manual actuation of the closure or other element
    • B65D51/1688—Venting occurring during initial closing or opening of the container, by means of a passage for the escape of gas between the closure and the lip of the container mouth, e.g. interrupted threads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2401/00—Tamper-indicating means
    • B65D2401/15—Tearable part of the closure

Definitions

  • This invention relates to caps for sealing the opening of screw top containers.
  • the invention provides a screw top cap which seals bottles of carbonated .
  • liquid such as softdrinks but is well adapted to seal other containers such as glass or PET containers with contents at above or below atmospheric pressure or having gaseous components or requiring a hermatic seal.
  • Screw top caps have been used for some time to seal various containers. Although many screw tops include a separate sealing wad within the cap, there is substantial advantage to be had in producing a one-piece cap which still effectively seals the container.
  • Australian application 15456/76 (30 June 1976) discloses an alternative one-piece cap in which a annular lip extends from the inside top of the cap and engages the inner bore of a container opening so as to curl the free end of the lip in against the bore or inside surface of the opening.
  • this cap effective sealing requires that the inside bore of the opening be of accurate and consistent dimensions.
  • gas pressure will tend to distort the lip and cause a seal f ilure .
  • Australian patent application 14180/83 (5 May 1983) describes a cap with two internal sealing structures.
  • One of the structures is an annular shaped outer portion shaped to accept the outer peripheral edge of the free end of the container relying upon the pressure generated during the closing of the cap to seal against this outer edge.
  • an inner cylindrical lip to engage the inner bore of the container opening.
  • a closure for a container having an externally screw threaded neck said closure being moulded in one piece from a resilient plastics material and comprising a top and a depending skirt which has on its internal surface a complementary screw thread, characterised in that an annular sealing rib projects downwardly from the top, the rib includes a first substantially cylindrical portion contiguous with the top and lying adjacent to or abutting with the skirt and a second, frusto-conical, portion contiguous with the end of the first portion distal to the top and extending radially inwardly to terminate in a circular free edge, the internal diameter of the first portion being equal to or only slightly larger than the external diameter of the neck of the container to which the closure is to be attached such that, during threaded engagement of the cap with the neck, the second, frusto-conical, portion will be engaged by a free end of the neck and folded back against the first, substantially cylindrical portion of the rib and to form
  • the plastics material is high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, or polypropylene. Where the container is to be used for gaseous liquids, the plastics material must have a very low porosity to the gas.
  • the rib is shaped and sized so that, during the threaded engagement of the closure with the container, the free edge of the rib contacts an inner surface of the top, or the surface of structure contiguous with the top, before the closure is fully engaged and such that the rib in the region proximal the free edge is pinched between the free end of the neck of the container and the top of the closure, or the structure contiguous with the top of the closure, when the closure is fully engaged with the container.
  • the first substantially cylindrical and second frusto-conical portions of the lip join at an included angle of at least 90 .
  • the rib is of a thickness tapering from a maximum thickness proximal the top to a minimum thickness at its annular free edge.
  • first substantially cylindrical and second frusto-conical portions of the lip smoothly join with an internal radius of from 0.1mm to 0.5mm, most preferably 0.2mm. It is further preferred that the cross-sectional thickness of the rib proximate the join between the first and second portions is from 0.4m to 0.8m, most preferably approximately 0.6mm.
  • the closure is adapted to seal a container with an Alcoa step finish
  • the first substantially cylindrical portion of the sealing rib joins the top spaced radially inwardly from the skirt so as to define a space of annular cross-section between the rib and skirt.
  • the container neck has a standard finish the rib is closely spaced from, or contiguous with, the skirt.
  • Fig. 1 an embodiment of the present invention in sectioned elevation
  • FIG. 2 the embodiment of Fig. 1 screwed onto a suitable container shown in sectional elevation; and Fig. 3 an alternative embodiment in sectional elevation.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cap 1 which is in many aspects a conventional screw top cap for a bottle to be used in containing a carbonated beverage.
  • the cap 1 includes a continuous cylindrical sidewall 2 with a thread 3 formed on its interior surface.
  • the top end of the cap 1 is closed by a top 4 which joins the skirt 2 in a continuous circular perimeter.
  • the top 4 and skirt 2 being formed integrally from high density polyethylene by injection moulding.
  • the cap differs from known caps in that it includes an annular rib 6 which extends from the interior surface of the top 4 concentrically of the cap 1, being positioned close to the skirt 2.
  • the annular sealing rib 6 includes a first or root portion 7 which extends from the top 4 approximately parallel to the skirt 2 with a second portion 8 extending from the end of the first portion 7 tapering inwardly and away from the end wall 8.
  • the cap 1 can be seen in Fig. 2 screwed onto the screw top end 9 of a container not fully shown in the drawing.
  • the end 9 of the container is finished with an "Alcoa step" 10 at the outer periphery of its open end extremity.
  • the Alcoa step 10 allows a space between the end 9 of the container and the inner surface of the skirt 2 of the cap 1.
  • the size of this annular space is sufficient to allow the second portion 8 of the outer rib 6 to contact the end 9 of the container as the cap 1 is being screwed onto the container, and for the second portion 8 to fold up on itself and against the root portion 7 and structure integral with the top 4.
  • there is formed a continuous gas tight seal between the cap 1 and the container extending from the Alcoa step 10 to the end surface of the container.
  • the second portion 8 of the sealing rib 6 is deformed by being bent towards the top 4. The deformation continues and contact is made between the second portion 8 of the sealing rib 6 and an inner rib 5 which effectively extends the structure of the top 4.
  • the inner rib 5 in fact is not essential to the invention and can be dispensed with if the other components are suitably modified so that the end portion 8 contacts the top 4 during this deformation.
  • annular gap 12 is formed between the outer rib 6 and the skirt 7, proximate the top 4. This is one means of accommodating the Alcoa step 10 and allowing the necessary movement of the outer rib 6 during application of the cap 1 to a container end 9.
  • the dimensions of the outer rib 6, in conjunction with the design shape of the rib 6 and its material of construction, will clearly influence the effectiveness of the cap 1. Not only the sealing effectiveness but also the mouldability, removal torque, reusability and consistency are important.
  • the inner radius joining the first and second portions 7 and 8 of the outer rib 6 is 0.2mm, the outer radius 0.5mm and the cross-sectional thickness approximately 0.6mm (slightly tapered for mould removal) .
  • Fig. 3 has a very much smaller inner rib 5 but is otherwise substantially the same as the embodiment of Fig. 1 and 2.
  • the cap is modified (not illustrated) for containers not finished with an Alcoa step.
  • the inner diameter at the skirt and the thread dimensions must provide a secure engagement with the container thread.
  • the inner dimension of the first portion 7 of the sealing rib 6 is preselected to be equal to, or slightly greater than, the external diameter of the container neck at the opening.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)

Abstract

Un couvercle (1) pour un récipient ayant un col (9) extérieurement vissé est moulé en une seule pièce en une matière plastique souple. Le couvercle (1) comprend une partie supérieure (4) avec une lisière (2) pourvue sur sa surface interne d'un filetage complémentaire (3). Une nervure annulaire d'étanchéité (6) qui s'étend vers le bas depuis la partie supérieure (4) du couvercle (1) comprend une première partie essentiellement cylindrique (7), adjacente à la partie supérieure (4) et adjacente à ou butant contre la lisière (2), et une deuxième partie tronconique (8), adjacente à l'extrémité de la première partie (7) distale par rapport à la partie supérieure (4), qui s'étend radialement vers l'intérieur et se termine par un bord circulaire libre. Le diamètre interne de la première partie (7) est égal ou légèrement supérieur au diamètre externe du col (9) du récipient sur lequel le couvercle doit être fixé de sorte que lorsque le couvercle (1) est vissé sur le col (9), la deuxième partie tronconique (8) sera mise en prise par une extrémité libre du col (9) et repliée en arrière contre la première partie (7) essentiellement cylindrique de la nervure (6), formant une fermeture étanche aux gaz entre le col (9) du conteneur et le couvercle (1).
PCT/AU1989/000256 1988-06-17 1989-06-15 Couvercle sans revetement interieur pour recipients de boissons gazeuses WO1989012584A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (16)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019900700229A KR960013293B1 (ko) 1988-06-17 1988-06-15 탄산음료수 용기를 위한 라이너없는 밀폐체
BR898907495A BR8907495A (pt) 1988-06-17 1989-06-15 Fecho para recipiente
JP1506618A JPH089391B2 (ja) 1988-06-17 1989-06-15 容器用のキャップ
US07/623,911 US5423444A (en) 1988-06-17 1989-06-15 Linerless closure for carbonated beverage container
DE68917938T DE68917938T4 (de) 1988-06-17 1989-06-15 Deckel ohne innenbekleidung für kohlensäurehaltige getränkebehälter.
DE68917938A DE68917938D1 (de) 1988-06-17 1989-06-15 Deckel ohne innenbekleidung für kohlensäurehaltige getränkebehälter.
RO146577A RO108332B1 (ro) 1988-06-17 1989-06-15 Dispozitiv de inchidere, necaptusit, pentru recipienti de bauturi acidulate
EP89907042A EP0481981B2 (fr) 1988-06-17 1989-06-15 Couvercle sans revetement interieur pour recipients de boissons gazeuses
NO905371A NO300367B1 (no) 1988-06-17 1990-12-12 Lukkeanordning for beholder
FI906178A FI91955C (fi) 1988-06-17 1990-12-14 Vuoraamaton suljin hiilihappopitoista juomaa sisältävää pulloa varten
SU904894271A RU2033373C1 (ru) 1988-06-17 1990-12-14 Крышка для емкости
DK199002984A DK173621B1 (da) 1988-06-17 1990-12-17 Pakningsfrit lukke til beholder for kulsyreholdige drikkevarer
BG93648A BG61227B1 (en) 1988-06-17 1991-01-17 Sealing closure for vessels with screw-cutting journal for aerated drinks
US08/899,285 US5836464A (en) 1988-06-17 1997-07-23 Closure for beverage container
US09/150,342 US6082569A (en) 1988-06-17 1998-09-10 Linerless closure for carbonated beverage container
US10/956,077 US7431877B2 (en) 1988-06-17 2004-10-04 Linerless closure for carbonated beverage container

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPI8846 1988-06-17
AUPI884688 1988-06-17
AU37737/89A AU627746B2 (en) 1988-06-17 1989-06-15 Linerless closure for carbonated beverage container

Related Child Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/623,911 A-371-Of-International US5423444A (en) 1988-06-17 1989-06-15 Linerless closure for carbonated beverage container
US07623911 A-371-Of-International 1989-06-15
US08/181,668 Continuation-In-Part US5638972A (en) 1988-06-17 1994-04-21 Linerless closure for carbonated beverage container

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1989012584A1 true WO1989012584A1 (fr) 1989-12-28

Family

ID=25624087

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1989/000256 WO1989012584A1 (fr) 1988-06-17 1989-06-15 Couvercle sans revetement interieur pour recipients de boissons gazeuses

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0481981B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989012584A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0460813A2 (fr) * 1990-05-25 1991-12-11 Tredegar Molded Products Company Capsule de bouchage à vis avec des moyens d'étanchéité intégrés
ES2048060A2 (es) * 1991-10-01 1994-03-01 Precision Valve Australia Tapa sin revestimiento interior para recipiente de bebidas carbonicas.
WO1995008317A1 (fr) * 1993-09-24 1995-03-30 Pharmacia Ab Contenant pour liquides medicaux
NL9402151A (nl) * 1994-12-19 1996-08-01 Johannes Antonius Maria Van Cr Combinatie van een fles en een dop alsmede fles en dop bestemd voor deze combinatie.
EP0870693A2 (fr) * 1992-07-16 1998-10-14 Closures and Packaging Services Limited Fermeture inviolable
US6805252B2 (en) * 1988-06-17 2004-10-19 Closures And Packaging Services Limited Container and linerless closure combination
WO2006024550A1 (fr) * 2004-09-01 2006-03-09 Creanova Universal Closures Ltd. Fermeture
EP1985549A1 (fr) 2004-09-01 2008-10-29 Creanova Universal Closures Ltd. Moyen d'étanchéite pour bouchon, bouchon et procédé associé
WO2012095501A1 (fr) 2011-01-14 2012-07-19 Creanova Universal Closures Ltd. Fermeture
US8393483B2 (en) 2004-09-01 2013-03-12 Creanova Universal Closure Ltd. Sealing means for closure with multiple sealing areas
WO2019048356A1 (fr) 2017-09-06 2019-03-14 Creanova Universal Closures Ltd. Fermeture

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2710325B1 (fr) 1993-09-22 1995-12-08 Jacques Perchepied Bouchon à visser.

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH407786A (de) * 1961-10-03 1966-02-15 Wicanders Korkfabriker Ab Verschlusskappe
AU417081B2 (en) * 1965-10-23 1971-09-13 Kouichihayashida Bottle-stopper
AU433268B2 (en) * 1967-12-22 1973-03-02 Reflex Corporation Of Canada Limited Safety cap and container
DE2703404A1 (de) * 1976-02-03 1977-08-04 Jean Grussen Schraubverschlusskapsel aus kunststoffmaterial und form zu ihrer herstellung
GB1499895A (en) * 1974-06-07 1978-02-01 Mack Wayne Plastics Co Container and cap combination
DE2756372A1 (de) * 1977-01-28 1978-08-03 Owens Illinois Inc Futterloser verschluss
AU501052B2 (en) * 1974-10-02 1979-06-07 Te. Chill Search Limited Two-to-four wire converter
EP0109631A2 (fr) * 1982-11-17 1984-05-30 Walter Wiedmer Fermeture à vis en matière élastique pour récipient
EP0136088A2 (fr) * 1983-08-26 1985-04-03 Metal Closures Limited Fermeture pour récipient
AU561051B2 (en) * 1983-10-29 1987-04-30 Metal Box Plc One-piece sealing closure

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3203571A (en) * 1960-12-06 1965-08-31 Robert L Plunkett Self sealing cap construction
FR2085289B2 (fr) † 1970-02-18 1974-10-11 Wassilieff Victor
US4349116A (en) † 1978-12-07 1982-09-14 Ethyl Products Company Thermoplastic screw-threaded closure cap
US4398645A (en) † 1981-06-29 1983-08-16 Thurston Toeppen Closure for pressurized containers
US4450973A (en) * 1982-09-28 1984-05-29 Thurston Toeppen Closure for pressurized containers

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH407786A (de) * 1961-10-03 1966-02-15 Wicanders Korkfabriker Ab Verschlusskappe
AU417081B2 (en) * 1965-10-23 1971-09-13 Kouichihayashida Bottle-stopper
AU433268B2 (en) * 1967-12-22 1973-03-02 Reflex Corporation Of Canada Limited Safety cap and container
GB1499895A (en) * 1974-06-07 1978-02-01 Mack Wayne Plastics Co Container and cap combination
AU501052B2 (en) * 1974-10-02 1979-06-07 Te. Chill Search Limited Two-to-four wire converter
DE2703404A1 (de) * 1976-02-03 1977-08-04 Jean Grussen Schraubverschlusskapsel aus kunststoffmaterial und form zu ihrer herstellung
DE2756372A1 (de) * 1977-01-28 1978-08-03 Owens Illinois Inc Futterloser verschluss
EP0109631A2 (fr) * 1982-11-17 1984-05-30 Walter Wiedmer Fermeture à vis en matière élastique pour récipient
EP0136088A2 (fr) * 1983-08-26 1985-04-03 Metal Closures Limited Fermeture pour récipient
AU570997B2 (en) * 1983-08-26 1988-03-31 Metal Closures Ltd. Sealing closure with flexible fin
AU561051B2 (en) * 1983-10-29 1987-04-30 Metal Box Plc One-piece sealing closure

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0481981A4 *

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6805252B2 (en) * 1988-06-17 2004-10-19 Closures And Packaging Services Limited Container and linerless closure combination
EP0460813A2 (fr) * 1990-05-25 1991-12-11 Tredegar Molded Products Company Capsule de bouchage à vis avec des moyens d'étanchéité intégrés
EP0460813A3 (en) * 1990-05-25 1992-03-11 Tredegar Molded Products Company Threaded closure with integral sealing means
ES2048060A2 (es) * 1991-10-01 1994-03-01 Precision Valve Australia Tapa sin revestimiento interior para recipiente de bebidas carbonicas.
EP0870693A2 (fr) * 1992-07-16 1998-10-14 Closures and Packaging Services Limited Fermeture inviolable
EP0870693A3 (fr) * 1992-07-16 1998-12-09 Closures and Packaging Services Limited Fermeture inviolable
WO1995008317A1 (fr) * 1993-09-24 1995-03-30 Pharmacia Ab Contenant pour liquides medicaux
NL9402151A (nl) * 1994-12-19 1996-08-01 Johannes Antonius Maria Van Cr Combinatie van een fles en een dop alsmede fles en dop bestemd voor deze combinatie.
WO2006024550A1 (fr) * 2004-09-01 2006-03-09 Creanova Universal Closures Ltd. Fermeture
EP1985549A1 (fr) 2004-09-01 2008-10-29 Creanova Universal Closures Ltd. Moyen d'étanchéite pour bouchon, bouchon et procédé associé
EP2065314A3 (fr) * 2004-09-01 2009-09-16 Creanova Universal Closures Ltd. Fermeture
US7905820B2 (en) 2004-09-01 2011-03-15 Creanova Universal Closure Ltd. Closure
AU2005279311B2 (en) * 2004-09-01 2011-11-03 Creanova Universal Closures Ltd. Closure
US8393483B2 (en) 2004-09-01 2013-03-12 Creanova Universal Closure Ltd. Sealing means for closure with multiple sealing areas
WO2012095501A1 (fr) 2011-01-14 2012-07-19 Creanova Universal Closures Ltd. Fermeture
US9902530B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2018-02-27 Creanova Universal Closures, Ltd. Closure
US10723518B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2020-07-28 Creanova Universal Closures, Ltd. Closure
WO2019048356A1 (fr) 2017-09-06 2019-03-14 Creanova Universal Closures Ltd. Fermeture
US10532858B2 (en) 2017-09-06 2020-01-14 Creanova Universal Closures Ltd. Closure for container neck finishes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0481981B1 (fr) 1994-08-31
EP0481981A1 (fr) 1992-04-29
EP0481981B2 (fr) 1999-11-17
EP0481981A4 (fr) 1991-03-06

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