Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/232—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
  • C10M107/40—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M107/44—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M133/40—Six-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/02—Water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/225—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the rings containing both nitrogen and oxygen
  • C10M2215/226—Morpholines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/0403—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/041—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds involving a condensation reaction
  • C10M2217/0415—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds involving a condensation reaction used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/042—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds between the nitrogen-containing monomer and an aldehyde or ketone
  • C10M2217/0425—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds between the nitrogen-containing monomer and an aldehyde or ketone used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/043—Mannich bases
  • C10M2217/0435—Mannich bases used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/044—Polyamides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/044—Polyamides
  • C10M2217/0443—Polyamides used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
  • C10M2217/0453—Polyureas; Polyurethanes used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
  • C10M2217/0465—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
  • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of, and compositions for, reducing wear on surfaces subjected to frictional forces, particularly between moving surfaces .
• extreme pressure lubricants To combat welding under such extreme conditions, extreme pressure lubricants were developed. Such lubricants contain additives which react at the high contact temperatures to form high-melting inorganic lubricant films on the metal surfaces which prevent massive welding and breakdown. Generally, these additives consist of sulphur, chlorine, phosphorus and lead compounds which act either by providing layers of low shear strength to minimise metal tearing or by serving as fluxing agents to contaminate the metal surface and prevent welding. Since all extreme-pressure additives are affected by chemical action, i.e. the formation of covalent bonds, their use is generally avoided to eliminate possible corrosion difficulties.
• Dry sliding which involves solid-to-solid contact, not infrequently exists, even when adequate fluid film lubrication is provided. Dry sliding can occur for example, in starting up of a machine, with misalignment or inadequate clearance during run-in, during reversal of direction, and during any delays or interruptions in supply of the lubricating fluid.
• conventional oils and greases cannot be used because of extreme temperatures, high vacuum, radiation, or contamination, thin coatings of dry lubricants have been applied to reduce the higher friction and more extensive wear which otherwise obtain on rubbing the structural materials against each other.
• the goal of lubrication is elimination of this wear and minimising of friction which would otherwise be encountered in dry sliding.
• a wide variety of compounds have been used for improving lubrication under boundary film conditions.
• compounds containing oxygen such as fatty acids, esters and ketones, compounds containing sulphur or combinations of oxygen and sulphur, organic chlorine compounds such as chlorinated waxes, organic sulphur compounds such as sulphurised fats and sulphurised olefines compounds containing both chlorine and sulphur, organic phosphorous compounds such as tricresyl phosphate, thiophosphates and phosphites and also organic lead compounds have been used.
• polar additives having a polar group at one end of the molecule and a solubilising group at the other - usually a long chain hydrocarbon to effect solubilisation in the lubricating oil, have been used to provide an adherent adsorped film over metallic surfaces.
• a class of heterocyclic compounds useful as additives which provide friction modification and improved fuel economy are disclosed in WO 87/0596 and have the general formula:
• Z is S , NR, PR or PRA, wherein A is O or S and R is H, alkyl, alkenyl, hydrocarbyl acyl, hydrocarbyl phenolate or -(CH 2 ) m Q, where m is 1 to about 12, and Q is O-alkyl or N-alkyl
• X is independently H, COOH, NH 2 , CONH 2 , NHNH 2 , OR, COR, NHR, OH, SH, or CN wherein R is the same as defined above; p is 0 to 2; e is 0 to 2 wherein e+p is 2 to about 4; T is NH 2 , NHR wherein R is the same as defined above, SH, OH or their tautomers, hydrocarbyl
• the polar type of compound which forms an adherent adsorped film over the moving surfaces is much to be preferred, but the thicknesses of such films which have been possible by the use of hitherto known additives in lubricating compositions have produced insufficient thicknesses of adsorped film to function under any conditions other than mild conditions.
• the present invention concerns a radical advance in lubrication by providing a regime in which multimolecular layers are adsorbed onto the surfaces to be protected thus enabling comparatively thick protective films to be built up on sufaces subject to frictional wear. It has now been found that certain molecules have the property of forming such multimolecular layers when contacted with the surface as by incorporation in a carrier which is continuously or intermittently brought into contact with at least a portion of the surface to be protected.
• the molecules which have been found to have this property are essentially single or condensed unsaturated ring systems which comprise at least one six-membered unsaturated heterocyclic ring comprising at least one heterocyclic moiety which acts as a hydrogen acceptor, the molecule also comprising at least one hydrogen donor moiety.
• the molecules may comprise other five or six-membered unsaturated rings which together with the said six-membered unsaturated heterocyclic ring form a condensed ring system.
• the multimolecular layers of the lubricating regime of the present invention are built up by initial adsorption of a layer of molecules onto the surface to be protected followed by adsorption of further molecules onto the initial layers to form a second layer and yet further adsorption to form more layers until films up to about 1 micrometer thick are formed. Without wishing to be bound by theory it is believed that presence of both hydrogen donor and hydrogen acceptor moieties in the heteropolar molecules enables this adsorption to take place.
• substituents may be present on the heteropolar molecules provided they do not singly or collectively prevent interaction of the hydrogen donor and acceptor moieties as by steric hindrance.
• hydrocarbon substituents such as alkyl groups should not contain more than four carbon atoms, preferably not more than two carbon atoms.
• the substituent is ortho to either the heteroatom or the hydroxyl group the steric hindrance effect is likely to be greater than when said substituent is in the meta or para position to either the heteroatom or a hydroxyl group.
• Alkene and alkyne substituents, carboxyl containing and amine containing substituents will all effect the activity of the heteropolar molecules and should be avoided.
• a method is provided of reducing wear on a surface which is subject to frictional forces which comprises forming and maintaining on said surface a protective layer composed of two or more molecular layers of a heteropolar compound comprising at least one unsaturated heterocyclic six-membered ring in which at least one heteroatom moiety acts as a hydrogen acceptor and in which said compound also comprises at least one hydrogen donor moiety, said heteropolar compound having no substituent which by itself or together with another substituent or substituents creates such steric hindrance and/or renders the molecule so basic or acidic or so alters the steric geometry of the molecule as to prevent interaction of the hydrogen donor and acceptor moieties of one molecule of heteropolar compound with the hydrogen donor and acceptor moieties of another molecule of said heteropolar compound.
• Formation of the multimolecular layer of heteropolar molecules may be effected by incorporating the heteropolar compound in a carrier which is brought into contact with the surface to be lubricated. It has been found that the heteropolar molecules migrate through the carrier onto the surface to be lubricated and build up on that surface to form multimolecular layers.
• the carrier may be a liquid such as an oil or grease or may even be aqueous. Solid carriers are also feasible such as polyamide plastics such as those used to build up worn machinery parts such as drive shafts and the like.
• heteropolar molecules migrate laterally over the surface on which they are adsorbed beyond the boundaries of contact of that surface with the carrier material. Contact of the carrier with the whole of the surface to be protected is not therefore necessary in order to form a lubricating layer of heteropolar molecules over all the surface to be protected. Nor is it necessary to have continuous contact between carrier and surface to be treated, but intermittent contact is also effective.
• the multimolecular layer is not of course formed instantaneously but builds up over a period of time. Relative movement of carrier and surface to be protected accelerate the formation and maintainance of the multimolecular layer of heteropolar molecules on the surface to be protected.
• the heteropolar molecules migrate through the carrier to the interfaces of the carrier with the surrounding environment.
• Unsubstituted heteropolar heterocyclic unsaturated single or condensed ring systems having the aforementioned hydrogen donor and acceptor moieties have this property of migration. Any substituents in such heteropolar molecules should not exert such a solubilizing effect on the heteropolar molecules that they lose their ability to migrate through the carrier to the interfaces of the carrier's environment. Since a major application of the compounds of the invention is in oils and greases it is essential that the molecules should not exert such a solubilizing effect that they fail to migrate. Consequently, where they are to be added to oils and greases any substituted groupings should not "over solubilize" the molecule. Therefore hydrocarbon substituents should not contain more than 4 carbon atoms, preferably not more than 2 carbon atoms.
• composition having anti-surface wear properties comprising a carrier and dissolved and/or dispersed therein an effective amount of a compound having anti-surface wear properties characterised in that said compound is a heteropolar compound comprising at least one wholly unsaturated heterocyclic six-membered ring in which at least one unsubstituted heteroatom moiety acts as a hydrogen acceptor and in which said compound also comprises at least one hydrogen donor moiety and in which said heteropolar compound has no substituent which by itself or together with another substituent or substituents creates such steric hindrance and/or renders the molecule so basic or acidic or so alters the steric geometry of the molecule as to prevent interaction of the hydrogen donor and acceptor moieties of one molecule of the heteropolar compound with the hydrogen donor and acceptor moieties of another molecule of the heteropolar compound nor any substituent which by itself or together with another substituent or substituents has the effect of solubilizing said heteropolar compound in the selected carrier to the extent that
• the carrier may be a liquid such as a lubricating oil or hydrocarbon fuel for an internal combustion engine or aqueous system, or the carrier may be a grease or semi-solid material (non-Newtonian fluid) such as a lubricating grease or grease-like lubricant.
• the carrier may also be a solid such as a plastics composite, e.g. a polyamide used in repairing or rebuilding beading surfaces.
• the content of heteropolar compound may be from 0.5% to 4% by weight based on the total weight of carrier and additive and in the case of greases or non-Newtonian fluids may be from 3% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of carrier plus additive.
• the content of heteropolar compound is greater than 1%, e.g. from 1.1% to 4% by weight based on the total weight of carrier and additive.
• concentration necessary in a solid carrier will depend on the type of solid carrier involved. In the case of polyamides somewhat more additive is in general necessary than that required in a semi-solid for equivalent results. This is the case of a 'Polyamid' bearing 10% by weight based on the total weight of 'Polyamid" and additive was found satisfactory. However amounts of greater than 10% e.g. 10.1% to 20% are preferred.
• the preferred hydrogen donor moiety is a hydroxyl group. Both such moieties occur in the preferred heteropolar compound of the invention which is 8-hydroxyquinoline:-
• Other unsubstituted heteropolar compounds useful in the method and compositions of the present invention include:
• the preferred heteropolar compounds are unsubstitued materials. Substituents should not create steric hindrance which prevents interaction of the hydrogen donor and acceptor moieties.
• a methyl group ortho to the -N hydrogen acceptor moiety of 8-hydroxyquinoline to form the compound:-
• the number and size of the substituents which can be tolerated in the heteropolar molecule depends on the number and position of the hydrogen donor and acceptor moieties in the molecule. In general the substituents groups should not exceed four atoms in number (e.g. in the case of hydrocarbyl the butyl group), preferably no more than two atoms and more preferably still only one carbon atom.
• a good indication of whether steric hindrance is likely to cause problems is given by measuring the adsorption-free energy of the compound in question. If the adsorption-free energy as measured on a copper surface is substantially in the range of 3 to 6 Kcal/mol then steric hindrance is unlikely to be a problem.
• Lubricating Medium Lithium grease, with 3% by weight of heteropolar compound.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
• Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=10637071

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (16)

Cited By (2)

Citations (5)

Family Cites Families (11)

• 1988
  • 1988-05-18 GB GB888811696A patent/GB8811696D0/en active Pending
• 1989
  • 1989-05-16 CA CA000599824A patent/CA1337292C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-05-17 WO PCT/GB1989/000530 patent/WO1989011518A2/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1989-05-17 HU HU893619A patent/HU209491B/hu unknown
  • 1989-05-17 AU AU36977/89A patent/AU622912B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1989-05-17 EP EP89906387A patent/EP0420868B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-05-17 DE DE89906387T patent/DE68909236T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-05-17 IE IE158889A patent/IE61949B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1989-05-17 ES ES8901653A patent/ES2017252A6/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-05-17 KR KR1019900700080A patent/KR900701977A/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 1989-05-17 JP JP1505615A patent/JPH03504252A/ja active Pending
  • 1989-05-18 ZA ZA893729A patent/ZA893729B/xx unknown
  • 1989-05-18 NZ NZ229188A patent/NZ229188A/en unknown
• 1990
  • 1990-11-12 FI FI905592A patent/FI905592A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1990-11-14 NO NO904941A patent/NO302300B1/no unknown
  • 1990-11-16 DK DK274090A patent/DK274090D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (5)

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