WO1989007304A1 - Procedure and device for protection against disasters and pollution - Google Patents

Abstract

A procedure for protection against disasters and pollution is characterized by the following steps: a) a fully automated alarm; b) verification of the alarm; c) reconnaissance of the site; d) computer-assisted analysis; e) establishment of a computer menu using stored data, in particular alarm plans; f) display of the menu as an aid to decisionmaking in a control centre; g) institution of appropriate measures following decisionmaking and possibly incorporation of additions and corrections.

Description

 Guidelines and facilities for disaster and environmental protection

The invention relates to a control method for disaster and environmental protection.

The accumulation of serious accidents / series of accidents and catastrophes, both so-called natural disasters such as wildfires, floods, landslides, earthquakes, etc., require an improvement in the preventive catastrophe and environmental protection, as well as the improvement of the initiation of immediate targeted aid measures.

In 1988 alone there were a number of serious accidents and disasters, such as Airplane crashes with subsequent fires (including ammunition), tanker gaps, poison barrels that contaminated the environment and the soil, possibly resulting in poison gas clouds, place names such as Herborn, Ramstein and Remscheid were memorized.

The object of the present invention is to provide a guiding method and a device for carrying out the method for disaster and environmental protection, which allows false alarms to be avoided or reduced, and an overview of the location, type and location which is as immediate as possible to get the measure of the event, as well as to select the most suitable aid measures and to bring the most suitable aids to the scene of the accident as quickly as possible.

This object is achieved by the method according to claim 1. Further methods and devices can be found in further claims and the description and drawing of exemplary embodiments of the invention, without being limited thereto.

The invention has a number of advantages:

ER _S ATΣBLATT A major advantage of the invention is that, as a result of the speed at which the alarm is raised and an overview is obtained, the highest decision-makers can be involved in the decision on aid measures and will no longer be restricted to this in the future, for example on the day after an accident to guarantee unbureaucratic help for those affected.

It also shows that a number of military aids have a meaningful use for disaster and environmental protection. This applies in particular to large fires, floods, landslides, earthquakes, but also to the contamination of a large area by chemical or atomic means (GAU). A contaminated area in particular can only be examined with appropriately trained and selected aids and the catastrophe can be combated. In an area with great devastation, it is first of all necessary to provide orientation aids and to show emergency vehicles the best routes or other possibilities in order to get to the scene of the accident or catastrophe.

Due to the fact that the invention provides a largely automatic alarm, transmission errors during the alarm are excluded (human errors).

Because the invention provides a verification level for the alarm, this can be determined immediately with regard to the location, but possibly also according to its type.

Then the method according to the invention provides for on-site clarification, for which purpose mostly known means of clarification can be used. A major advantage, however, is the automated selection and start of the same.

ERS _Ä TZBLATT Another essential advantage of the invention is the computer-aided analysis of the accident or catastrophe and the creation of a computer menu on the basis of stored information, in particular on the basis of existing alarm plans that can be called up from external memories. The computer menu then serves as a decision-making aid in a central, in particular a regional or supra-regional control center (depending on the extent of the catastrophe). Here, in the case of alternative help options - after the computer menu - the quick decision-making by the highest-ranking decision-makers is advantageous. After the decision on the scope of the aid, according to the computer menu, auxiliary measures and aids are appropriate, selected and brought to the scene of the action as quickly as possible. If necessary. adapted additions / corrections can be made both with regard to auxiliary measures and aids. Unmanned, for example, remote-controlled vehicles of all kinds can be used in contaminated areas, for example controlled by a screen (with joy-stick). Aid workers do not have to work at risk to their health.

Some examples are described below on the basis of significant events.

The drawings show:

Fig. La to Id automatic alarm examples

Fig. 2 automatic alarm verification options (verification)

3a to 3d manned and unmanned reconnaissance options on site, in particular from the air

4a to 4c the central computer (CPU) with peripheral units

EmATZBuςr H

5 example of a decision aid given by the computer (display)

Fig. 6 shows an example of an emergency vehicle

7a to 7b

Means of transport for equipment intended for use

8a to 8d various types of uses

Fig. 9 navigation computer for vehicles

Fig. 10 vehicle to Fig. 9 with peripherals

Fig. 11 disaster scenario

Fig. 12 in Fig. 11 recognized destroyed building. Ruin)

EXAMPLES

Example 1:

Tanker truck crashes in the city with subsequent explosion and fire (Her¬ born). In the case of so-called dangerous goods transports, the cargo and its hazard class should generally be immediately detectable by the emergency services in the event of an accident or accident, in particular by means of a black box (with a tachograph) that can be connected to the on-board computer and documents the accident, preferably in an indestructible housing.

The invention provides for the alarm to be triggered automatically by radio with the aid of impact sensors 1 (crash or deceleration sensors), which are known per se in airbags for motor vehicles. Other options for charge-specific leak sensors 3 arranged on the tank or in the cargo hold are provided in the alarm triggering circuit to help the driver and

BLADE the on-board computer if necessary beforehand, as well as possible heat sources which are assigned to the wheels and / or brakes, and to document and document possible sources of danger. The crash sensors are 1 and force sensors for the trailer / semitrailer are 2 and 3 and an overpressure sensor on the tank is 4. Of course, sensors such as Hall sensors 5 or the like can also be provided, which detect a rollover of the vehicle and enter them in the evaluation and triggering circuit. 6 is the on-board computer, 7 is a tachograph (black box) and 8 is the transmitter with antenna connected to both. For the suitable alarm signal radiation provided with the location code, in particular SOS signal radiation, a checkable separate emergency power supply, which can be powerful in any case, is provided, for example via capacitors and / or batteries (in the sensor circuit). The sensor circuit advantageously also transmits the charge code stored in the computer and the tachograph when the alarm is given, so that rescue teams can specifically provide and use the extinguishing agents suitable for the charge. If the legislature fails to take appropriate measures, the producers of hazardous goods transporters should proceed to that as prescribed in the United States for the restraint systems, an ignition key can only be effective if the previous necessary measure (bar, magnetic stripe charge code hard ^r .tellung ) is actually fulfilled and this has resulted in an opto-electrical, magnet-electrical test.

The device described above for automatic alarms to a control center according to the invention is provided both in FIG. 1b for a road train, in particular a tanker truck for dangerous goods, in particular fuels or the like, but also for cars in FIG. The alarm can be triggered in an evaluation and trigger circuit with the aid of suitable threshold values, the threshold values being able to be determined by calculation or experiment, the same or similar circuits being used as are customary in the airbag / belt tensioner system for motor vehicles. The alarm is to be fed into an existing data transmission network with location code, e.g. ISDN network 26 (FIG. 2) or passed on in another way, preferably wireless / telematic

EFtSATZBL trisch, being used in known transmission devices, in particular by electromagnetic, electro-optical, electro-acoustic means. There is a particular danger if dangerous goods transport vehicles collide with normal vehicles in city traffic or outside on expressways and so-called mass collisions occur (often in fog, see Fig. 2 right BAB with emergency call).

The alarm can also and advantageously be triggered by devices which are laid in the roadway or facing the roadway edge or in the vicinity of the roadway. The latter is particularly advantageous if the accident or disaster can be recorded in an already existing traffic monitoring system, e.g. TV monitoring of the flow of traffic at large crossroads in cities or from (motorway) bridges and remote data transmission to a control center or induction loops, force sensors installed under the road surface, or in beacons next to it, light barriers, microphones, ultrasonic sensors that let you know when nothing is moving (Indication of congestion / accident). Of course, a vehicle from a fleet belonging to an association can also send the alarm to its own headquarters, e.g. Radio center of the OKI system, pass it on and then to a central control center.

In the aforementioned cases existing monitoring devices, it is easy to immediately determine not only the alarm condition but also the location of the event. In the case of systems that are not integrated in a monitoring system, the invention proposes to equip the vehicles themselves with a navigation or position detection device and, in addition, that when the alarm is triggered and the alarm is sent or transmitted to a control center, the position, location code or the like is also automatically transmitted. is passed on to the head office. If e.g. If a sensor 3 present on the vehicle has at the same time detected a leak or overheating, this is also automatically transmitted and thus a fire risk is signaled, which can also result from the location and the surroundings.

REPLACEMENT BLADE After the alarm, a verification stage takes place in the invention, ie the alarm is checked independently and the check is initiated by the central computer (CPU). This can be done, for example, by means of radio direction finding from an antenna on a tower 10 or roof or mast or traffic light or the like (FIG. 2), in particular with an antenna rotating about its axis through 360 °, or radar controlled in the same or similar manner. Directional microphones, with sound transmitters, transmitters and receivers for IR and / or UV rays or ultrasound, are also aimed at the accident vehicle and its echo (reflection) is measured during the check. A relatively inexpensive captive balloon 11 can carry the sensor devices and their remote data transmission device over open terrain. A balloon 11 can also serve as a relay station.

Existing stationary devices such as radio and television towers etc. are preferably used for transmitters and receivers. An area with a radius of about 50 km and beyond can be covered from the latter towers with suitable sensors / antennas etc. The alarm check or verification then takes place after receipt of the test signals in the central computer (CPU), which now initiates the next stage, namely that of clarification (FIGS. 3 and 4). Verification means 10 and 11 can also be used for clarification.

During the reconnaissance, reconnaissance means are started up or started from the central computer in order to obtain further information about location / area, type / classification and in particular the extent of the accident or the series of accidents or catastrophe. The invention preferably uses: means for obtaining aerial images either from satellites 15 (with a large area), aerial images from high and fast-flying aircraft 14, aerial images from slow-flying aircraft 13, helicopters 12 or balloons 11, or also from nearby emergency vehicles or cameras to be used on towers, high-rise buildings etc. For aerial photography, in particular television cameras or CCD image sensors (arrays) are used, the images of which in a suitable way achieve high resolution and thus quality and can be transmitted over long distances (EDI). 3, the

EBSATZBLA called reconnaissance means and their usual operational heights and ranges. The sensors are in turn known sensors of the aforementioned type, such as electromagnetic, electro-optical, electro-acoustic. Reusable drones, which are catapulted from a transportable launch device into the airspace, above the accident / disaster area, appear to be mainly suitable for the reconnaissance of the target area, either in a ballistic trajectory or remotely guided, since the device shown in FIG. 3b 17 contains a launch ramp from which the missile 16 (drone) starts by remote control with its own drive. Remote control can also be carried out using conventional means by radio, using the beacon method, or wired. The target detection when approaching is shown in FIG. 3c using the example of a drone with a seeker head 18, which looks downwards and contains a sensor, whereby a video image is obtained, which is then processed at 19 and pre-evaluated at 20 to limit the search range of possible Z elPos ions and then filter out possible target profiles. Then at 21 the actual measurement of target parameters according to shape, size and gray values or contrasts to a background as an extraction stage takes place, and then the evaluation in MP 22 takes place as to whether the target area of the catastrophe is sought.

Known sensors and their areas of application are contained in FIG. 3d. The target recognition process can in particular use a known image comparison method according to FIG. 4c, in this case both images obtained from a TV or IR sensor can be processed and evaluated in real time and images supplied by a millimeter wave radar. The image is first digitized and subjected to a fast Fourier transformation or a similar algorithm. Then useful and interference signals are separated and the processing image is further processed. Since a disaster area is usually a flat target area, the processed image shows a series of zones that represent paths, buildings, rivers, etc. A pattern recognition or surface correlation algorithm can compare these zones with a stored target catalog of the image processor. Become a pattern

EBS TZBLAT recognized, these can be put together by the computer and provide a final confirmation that it is the searched target area or a crashed vehicle (of any kind) within the target area. 4c, the known methods of image correlation, statistical correlation (computer recognition) and topological correlation are suitable for the image comparison methods. The method to be used is selected according to the degree of destruction to be expected, because then stored patterns may also at least partially no longer be applicable. If the extent of the destruction is particularly high, even the computational recognition should only offer a low probability of recognition, and the image output 23 must take place in the central office and be recorded there in order to draw the necessary conclusions from this in order to classify the accident, the catastrophe and its extent enable, ie the recorded information must be output by the MP on the screen terminal 23 (Fig. 4b). A plurality of sensors from a seeker head 18 are preferably connected to a screen 23 via the data reduction stages 19-21 and signal evaluation processors 22.

When advantageously multiple sensor equipment of the reconnaissance means is used, the high-power signal processors 22 shown in FIG. 4b can be advantageously used, which are connected to one another by a data network, in particular an optical fiber data bus, so that if one signal processor fails, the others on the most important sensors 18 be activated, for example here Radar, Eloka, IR, commanded or other signals. The data bus is in turn connected to a display processor 23 which displays the image of the disaster scenario obtained from the reconnaissance. This is in turn advantageously stored in the central computer and, if desired, can also be called up later. The frequency ranges of known sensors for seekers are shown in FIG. 3d.

ERSÄTZELA " Λo

As shown in FIG. 4a, as much data as possible is collected for the analysis and for generating a decision menu, received telemetrically from the reconnaissance device (s) in the air / atmosphere (FIG. 3a) and by means of terminals 24 in front of a ground station 25 and advantageously transmitted from there to the central office 27 by cable (ISDN or LAN 26) or other existing networks, possibly by means of input terminals.

5 shows the central computer 28, which can generate the decision menu from the analysis of the catastrophe scenario in the analyzer 30 on the screen 29 only if it is connected to a memory, in particular a reloadable memory 31, in the disaster ¬ phen alarm plans of known or conceivable scenarios are stored and can be called up. By means of comparison and weighted approximation (in the analyzer), the computer gains optimized possibilities, which it displays, on the display 29 shown on the right in FIG. 5. It takes into account the extent of the destruction on site, for example still existing roads and paths or the like and since he has the depots of the aids and rescue and emergency vehicles etc. Knowing the means as well as the people, he will propose measures which, taking into account the quickest possible operational capability (with regard to routes and means of transport as well as their potential help), will be shown. If there are alternative or equivalent options, a decision by the head of operations and / or a top decision-maker must be brought about in an intermediate stage, the latter in particular if greater or better chances of rescue for humans and animals exist when more or better means are used. In the intermediate stage, a so-called "counter-checking", possibly with a pre-alarm for emergency physicians / clinics, can take place advantageously via possible auxiliary measures on a coprocessor or via a computer network with other processors or third-party experts or decision-makers only then the command output of the auxiliary measures for which one has decided and then the command can be carried out in three ways: manually, semi-automatically or automatically, this is advantageously specified in the command. Then there will be emergency vehicles (of all kinds)

EÜ & ATZBLAT after classification of the catastrophe sent on the way to the scene of the accident, either self-propelled or remotely controlled or both. As soon as the catastrophe type (s) is / are known (with or without a simultaneous fire), the software of the CPU continues with the catastrophe type, for example atomic, biological, chemical, adapted program.

Auxiliary devices or aids that are not self-propelled can be transported, e.g. 7a with a cargo helicopter or other aircraft or a flying boat or hovercraft according to FIG. 7b. The type of drive or type of transmission or output (auxiliary tools) in the set can then be changed or switched over if necessary, cf. Fig. 8a. The emergency vehicles can be combined and rolled over in every respect, so that they can start again in any situation. The emergency vehicles can have an autonomous orientation / navigation device, as described in connection with FIGS. 9 and 10, or can always be reoriented or located and guided or steered by means of a satellite navigation system (GPS).

Since in most cases the accident is followed by a fire / major fire, the emergency vehicles can advantageously use a heat shield or spray fluid thermal insulation and / or coverings etc. to approach the scene of the accident / source of the fire and suitable extinguishing agents, especially from trailers carried along ( various) spray to fight the fire. The source of the fire can in turn be detected and held using an IR sensor. Depending on the type and size of the fire, under certain circumstances it can only be fought from a distance, and extinguishing agent grenades from the emergency vehicle, such as helicopters - see FIG. 2 - are carried along and fired, adapted to the fire class. To rescue people who are at risk in buildings, rescue baskets or other rescue equipment can be shot up on the outside of the buildings on ropes and anchored automatically with a double charge (1st drive, 2nd anchoring), preferably adjusted in strength, in the top of the floor on the top floor / roof become. Afterwards, people to be rescued can use a seat or the like that is connected to the rope, if necessary. abseil themselves. For fire fighting, helicopters can also be used which fly with so-called night vision devices (FIG. 2, right, center).

IfS & ATZiU ^ KL.

Example 2: Example 2 differs from Example 1 essentially in that a high-rise fire, e.g. to be fought in a department store (Brussels case). The fire was accompanied by an explosion, possibly a gas explosion. There may be a risk of collapse.

With the invention, the fire is first given automatically by a sprinkler system with ionization fire detector via fixed line 26 in FIG. 2 to the control center 27 (if necessary, automatically passed on by the fire department to this control center).

The alarm is verified from the nearest tower 10, which is provided with suitable sensors, in particular IR sensors, in order to verify the location and type of the catastrophe (major fire).

The reconnaissance then takes place from a helicopter or other known vehicle by means of television cameras or other image sensors and remote data transmission of the reconnaissance information to the control center 27.

The operations management or decision maker decides after the analysis carried out by the central computer in the control center and the associated decision menu has been displayed and makes the operational commands which are carried out immediately in one of the three modes mentioned above. The auxiliary measures and the auxiliary means for use can be selected as in example 1 or similar. In the event of a high-rise fire, helicopters or the like can possibly be rescued over the roof of the high-rise building. , especially since the helicopter can fly despite the smoke by carrying IR or night vision devices on board and using them during the approach and, if necessary, emitting and receiving other phase-modulating (laser) rays that penetrate the phase and thus receiving a (rough - see Fig. 12 -) Distance / contrast image wins to put down extinguishing agent and / or to spray smoke displacement agent or put down a strong blower to be able to land at least from one side (leeward side) for rescue or to be able to get close enough to rescue people (an Hook oa).

HE ^SAT ziu Example 3: Airplane crash (like Ramstein, Remscheid) In the case of the invention, as shown in FIG. 1c, the alarm is given by impact sensors 1 operating in the millisecond range and thus by transmitter 8 connected via trigger circuit. Before that, a radar sensor 9, in particular a phase-controlled radar, would have to be used (Fig. 1c and Id), too low a height / distance (and possibly too low a speed from the on-board computer 6) to the nearest tower / control center or command parts, simultaneously with the current position. (shortly before the crash / collision).

A helicopter or a slow-flying (ultralight) aircraft with good all-round visibility (Osprey) or a drone with catapult start (Fig. 3b) or a manned vehicle for reconnaissance after verification by the tower and, if necessary, parallel alarms or - Query sent. After analysis of the information by the computer and generation of a decision menu for use, suitable fire-fighting measures are taken as quickly as possible, in particular because a long search for the crash site is avoided (particularly important if the crash site is in rough terrain).

FIG. 1d shows a ship which is likewise subject to a collision or an accident and which, like the aircraft according to FIG. 1c, is equipped so that the alarm is detected and then the catastrophe scenario is determined and analyzed and decisions are made on the basis of the decision menu generated by the computer. In the case of FIGS. 1c and 1d, the computer automatically queries a possible loading with weapon types at the responsible command point. Flying boats are preferred for use.

Example 4: Nuclear accident with contamination of a relatively large area by a nuclear power plant (GAU).

REPLACEMENT LATTICE The alarm is triggered automatically by the built-in alarm system when the temperature rises in a cooling circuit, in particular in the primary circuit, or in or outside the containment, on the reactor base and / or if the pressure in the containment of the reactor increases. The alarm is automatically forwarded to the central control center (rescue control center).

The next step is to verify the alarm directly at the nuclear power plant by calling or by radio or the like.

Then the reconnaissance takes place using a drone, a balloon or the like. unmanned aids or via satellite. In all cases, television transmission (video image) by means of data transmission will be expedient here.

The computer analyzes on the basis of the information and generates a decision menu with special consideration of the atomic contamination of the disaster area, the alarm plans also providing evacuation measures. The resources are advantageously unmanned or remote-controlled in the end section of the route, e.g. via fiber optic cables so as not to endanger personnel on the task force. Fire grenades are fired from the vehicle from a distance. Extinguishing grenades with a sensor in the search head that responds to the radioactive radiation (center) are preferred. The same applies if the nuclear accident is accompanied by a fire or an explosion, here too there are suitable grenades containing extinguishing agents or the like. Projectiles that seek their target towards the radiation center are preferred. The contamination of the environment by escaping radioactive cooling water can be contained as quickly and as extensively as possible by sucking in with pump vehicles. The emergency vehicles and equipment must include further suction, clearing and decontamination agents. Separate trailers are suitable.

Example 5: Chemical accident of a chemical transporter with the danger of poison gas development and fire (case in the district of Miesbach).

ER ^SÄ TZBLATT Similar to example 4, it is particularly important to take into account the contamination of the environment. This also applies to biological accidents (genetic).

The alarm is preferred here as in example 1. The same applies to the verification of the alarm.

When clarifying the accident or catastrophe scene, the poison gas development must be taken into account, i.e. unmanned reconnaissance aids are sent to the scene of the accident, in particular drones, balloons, etc.

After analysis of the information and generation of a decision menu on the central computer, the aids are put on the way, such as vehicles with equipment for vacuuming and clearing, so that penetration into the ground and the environment is avoided. Suction, clearing can take place in trailer vehicles of the emergency vehicles. A contaminated soil is advantageously cleared using vehicles such as those used for mine clearance in the _. military sector are used. The corresponding emergency vehicle must therefore have a far-reaching robotic arm with fly shares, screw conveyor or the like. aufwei¬ sen, preferably such that the clearing of the upper layers of soil, which are contaminated, can follow immediately and completely, even fully automatically er¬ in ^'provided Wechselanhänger. A laboratory kit carried by the emergency vehicle constantly determines chemicals and chemical content in the air, water and soil (the same applies to biological contamination).

Example 6: Earthquake (Armenia) Landslide (Turkey) Avalanches and similar accidents (bridge collapse, dam break, high-rise collapse).

The alarm is automatically sent to a control center due to the built-in trigger circuit with strain gauges or with seismographic detection, with location information.

SSS T2BLATT 6

The verification of the alarm is sensible from the air with the help of satellite images, airplanes, helicopters, balloons or the like.

Since large-scale disasters with general damage to buildings and people are generally to be feared here, the analysis and generation of a decision menu for the use of aids by computers is particularly important and advantageous. Heavy recovery vehicles can be called up from the computer from far away and then flown in. With the help of satellite navigation GPS or autonomous navigation, emergency vehicles can approach the disaster area and its core by looking for their own way away from destroyed roads, since when determining their position they do not compare to previously striking buildings or the like. Can count points. Earth column or the like it is necessary to overcome or to bypass. Tracked vehicles have an advantage, see the example according to FIG. 6. The heavy device can be flown in with flying cranes (aircraft up to 150 t), V / STOL, helicopters, see FIG. 7a. Hovercraft with a high load capacity are also suitable, see FIG. 7b. It is essential that it is immediately necessary to at least partially replace the lost infrastructure, i.e. it is to be provided by means of the means of transport mentioned or vehicles such as tractors or tractors to drop container units in the disaster area, in particular for the production of a communication here radio, telephone etc., containers for own power supply, emergency generators wind and / Solar energy extraction systems, containers for drinking water extraction from industrial or waste water and possibly also cooling containers for blood / plasma / expanders, etc. and containers for clean or breathing air extraction, containers or tents for operations or other medical supplies, catering tents, sleeping tents etc. (can be removed by parachute).

The means of transport must be able to be coupled and set down as easily as possible with the various containers. It can be set down on fixed legs or on wheels that can be rotated through 360 ° - as shown in FIGS. 8b to 8d, at least partially.

REPLACEMENT equipment Special wheel configurations, rollers, among others, can also be plugged on, but also auxiliary drives and hybrid drives (electrical / mechanical / hydraulic / pneumatic) and various drives are recommended for the emergency vehicles. The emergency vehicles (including station wagons) should be as versatile as possible, ie ideally they can be combined as desired with the drive unit and for the required tools and required drive force transmitters, such as chains, runners, legs or the like - see Fig. 8a - (including walking machines ).

It is of course also possible to use emergency vehicles for combined driving on roads and rails, in particular with rubber tires which can be swung out to the side while the rail wheels are arranged normally or vice versa.

The same as here applies to the collapse of tunnels, bridges, dams, etc. The alarm should always be given by a seismograph or similar vibration-sensitive sensor devices.

In this case and in the event of a flood, evacuation and homelessness of people must be resolved, the same applies to food and clothing that must be available in good time and in large quantities.

The invention proposes the use of spreading containers for tents, packages, etc. with automatic ejection device and / or on parachutes, as are known from military technology.

Example 7: Floods

The alarm is generated automatically by liquid level monitoring devices installed in dams or in the area of levels, which emit an alarm signal to the central control center when exceeded.

Verification is carried out by checking (querying) at several points with level measurement.

REPLACEMENT SHEET The extent of the flooding and secondary consequences are then cleared from the air using previously mentioned, preferably manned, means. Laser beams can be used to scan and measure banks or dams, for example when flying over or driving over them - the latter as far as possible.

After clarification of the extent of the flood and the damage, the computer analyzes the information received and generates a decision menu with the aid of which the operational commands are issued.

In this example it is important that enough helicopters are available to free people from the island! Furthermore, it is advisable to throw off self-inflating boats from the air and to seal, solidify, increase, and erect additional insulation through the targeted use of heavy equipment and appropriate materials from the nearest depots. Evacuation and homelessness of affected people as well as the provision of essentials are also here, cf. Fig. 8b, 8c and 8d, important. The use of flying boats or self-navigating hovercraft or the like Combined vehicles according to Fig. 8a is particularly recommended.

Rescue vehicles with runners can be used like flying boats on water and ice. So-called. Bridge layers as tracked vehicles that lay a folded bridge forward are advantageous emergency vehicles, and of course also a suitable number of pushers. Tracked vehicles can drive up and down embankments more easily. A hovercraft can also be used over unknown water surfaces. At critical points, buoys for alarm, communication or the like. be dropped.

The examples given so far are not exhaustive. However, the experts in the field of life saving, etc., can, for example, see help in connection with the claimed measures of the invention.

In the following, a solution for emergency vehicles is described in detail, in order to be able to operate even in impassable or disaster-damaged areas.

ERSA Z ,

land to orient or navigate (Figures 9 and 10). Here, too, the invention is not restricted to these exemplary embodiments.

With the solution according to the invention, means on board the emergency vehicle alone (see FIG. 6) enable a precise and safe determination of a location after a catastrophe, even in devastated terrain, everywhere with satellite assistance (Global Positioning System GPS) with an accuracy of + 8 m and by means of pocket-sized receivers, or maps / data about the area serve for preserved (unwrought) reference points or the like as a reference and are fed to a computer that detects deviations from a reference both in terms of elevation (height difference) and in terms of azimuth (direction or angle of travel in the horizontal). A passive or active sensor can be used.

In a system of the invention, which has a passive sensor for measuring radiometric radiation, one is largely immune to influences from the weather, such as fog, solar radiation. Radiometric maps containing temperature data are known.

In a system of the invention which contains an active sensor for measuring electromagnetic radiation, such as light, the measure according to the invention of a signal distribution corresponding to beam lobes (partial areas) measures a height profile and at the same time a distance information (distance relative to the emergency vehicle and / or - see FIGS. 11 and 12 - reconnaissance means), which is assigned to the measured height / depth, likewise a detection of the target area / location is possible in this way.

Both types of sensors (active and passive) can be used together to increase the redundancy.

The computer / processor (s) can work incrementally and adaptively. They are continuously informed about vehicle movements, among other things. measured data supplied and evaluated.

EBSATZBLAT In the invention, location or change of location or path or vehicle movement data in the respectively desired area can be obtained in a wide variety of ways and fed to the computer (s), for example with the aid of tachometers by integrating, accelerating, and / or speedometers.

Deviations from an intended direction or angle in azimuth - e.g. from the north-south direction as a reference or compared to a "straight line" start / finish from an area map - can be easily and precisely determined by magnet and compass or fiber gyroscope (ring laser) and / or steering angle changes compared to the higher initial value.

Entering a destination is not absolutely necessary. It is more important to be able to determine and display an exact new position after a journey / change of location. Previously unknown obstacles such as destruction can force unwanted course corrections. If, according to a further embodiment of the invention, the driver can be shown his new location and the ideal direction for a further journey in the area, as an arrow starting from the new location, on a display with a cartographic section of a desired area, independently, however, reliably about further measures, such as decide the desired type of circumvention of an obstacle, or be guided remotely.

The invention can advantageously be used both as an orientation aid, guide device, power steering aid or autopilot.

Here, not only an area provided with roads or paths, but also an impassable area that cannot be driven on with normal road vehicles, e.g. hilly, swampy, stony wasteland / desert or similar understood. The size of an area depends on the existing maps and travel intentions. A radius of 25 km around the starting point is normally sufficient, but it also gives digital maps of up to 500 km D. As off-road vehicles, the industry mainly offers four-wheel drive vehicles. However, the emergency vehicles are not on this

EB ^ ^Ä TZBLAΓ limited, but also suitable for other land vehicles, such as multi-axle vehicles, tracked vehicles, mobile carrier vehicles, and also air cushion vehicles, inter alia, combination vehicles.

A sensor 102 for recognizing terrain characteristics is installed in the front of a vehicle. These are e.g. sensed by an active sensor 102 when driving over it, including an area in front of the vehicle in the direction of travel, preferably up to a distance of about 50 m. The installation location of the sensor can be varied depending on the desired application. The same applies to the angle of inclination (elevation) and the angle to the direction of travel (in azimuth).

One or more transmitters and receivers for electromagnetic waves, such as light, are preferably accommodated in a common sensor housing. Preference is given by temporal keying and / or corresponding mapping, e.g. by means of beams, which split the radiation backscattered from the terrain into at least two partial areas. Then these partial areas are separated and evaluated in one or more signal processing units via the difference between their respective transit times. The beams can also overlap in whole or in part, an overlapping area, e.g. Spots between two circles, e.g. serve to adjust the optical device if it e.g. with pulsed light like laser beams work. Infrared radiation can of course also be used. The sensor is selected depending on the intended use day / night, black / white or thermal image and range.

What is essential is the evaluability of the received signals of the backscattered energy and their evaluation according to the principle of the transit time measurement. The determination of the transit time differences in the case of separate beam lobes (partial areas) at the same time facilitates the distance measurement or geometric assignment of terrain characteristics.

ETZBLAT For the evaluation, the received signal before or after the differentiation can also be divided into time segments which follow one another without gaps. For differentiation, two or more time-gated reception gates can be provided with integrators and differentiating circuit.

The amplitudes of the light pulses are visible over the distance ~ of time. Almost smooth signals correspond to the essentially flat area of the terrain. A deepening and an increase can be recognized by the associated peakes. A vegetation (bush) generates signals with the corresponding amplitude shape.

When evaluating the signals / pulses generated by the receiver, such peaks and their distances, pulse width, amplitude and generally the signal pre and / or the amplitude / time integral can be used. Several sensors for detecting the terrain in front of, under and next to the vehicle are preferred.

In another embodiment, a device for detecting terrain characteristics works with a passive sensor 202. Of course, a device according to the invention can contain both an active sensor and a passive sensor, which increases the precision and the security of the detection.

The sensor 202 is e.g. installed in a tracked vehicle 203 so that when driving over the hilly, partly. overgrown terrain 204 in its lane 205 with the direction of travel 206 receives radiation 207 from the terrain, which is measured and evaluated radiometrically (e.g. in degrees Kelvin). This results in a signal curve similar to that in Fig. La, provided the same terrain. The (temperature) distribution mainly depends on the hydrographic and geological nature of the area and its vegetation.

EHSATZBLA The measured (temperature) values 208 are compared with a strip in the map 209 in the coordinate system xy (pole coordinates) corresponding to the scanning in the roadway (center) in a correlator 210 as part of the processor 308. The values from the map Eg temperature or local altitudes are stored digitally on board. It is advantageous to use a chip with a high integration density and storage capacity and a computer structure with fast access times, fast μP with so-called pipeline correlator connections, so that a large number of point-to-point operations are possible, for example when scanning a card are, as with infrared sensor scene matching or combined with other sensors, which are used in area, scene, image (thermal image, night) and signature recognition, in particular pattern recognition (in scene).

The comparison of the measured data with the stored data is advantageously carried out in a unit with a microprocessor, as is shown schematically in FIG. 9. Depending on the sensors used, one or more types of maps 301 and 302 can be stored, from the simple area map (in azimuth x-y) to a topographic map with elevations (elevation, z-axis) to thermographic and others. Appropriate number of maps for the area.

With 303 a terrain sensor or more of the above Designated type, with 304 a sensor for the travel movement, distance, acceleration, deceleration and / or speed, with 305 a sensor for the direction of travel, e.g. of angular deviations.

The signal utilization and evaluation takes place in the microprocessor 308, whereby reference is made to the block diagram according to FIG. 10 for an explanation of the function.

The processor advantageously has an input 306 for start and / or destination and an output 307 e.g. graphically represented on a (partial) area map - with symbols - on.

REPLACEMENT LEAF As shown in FIG. 10, the processor-controlled function runs as follows:

From the periphery of the microprocessor, selected data, such as default trajectory, location data, acceleration, etc., are transmitted via an interface 401. fed.

A short-term memory 402 for measured value deviations, in particular from the default trajectory, is connected to this via a data bus, in order to enable adaptation.

An evaluation with control of the plausibility of the detected road trajectory takes place in module 403, the display of the same in module 404.

405 denotes a read-only memory for signatures - road environment profiles and their deviations, such as elevations, depressions, vegetation, etc. Its values are correlated in module 406, which serves as a signal processing and evaluation unit connected to the terrain detection sensor.

All components are preferably part of an integrated circuit.

A receiver A and B as a sensor for the backscattered energy and a transmitter A and B for light pulses in particular are connected to module 406 in a manner known per se. Both laser light pulses and IR radiation can be used, the latter if low noise is important.

The processor according to FIG. 10 is capable of learning to determine usable useful signals and, with the aid of its read-only memory, adapts to certain terrain conditions, depending on the nature of an area. However, the area in question should not only concern an area of water, because only its bank (transition) can be seen. The processor can also be a co-processor of a CPU or similar computer-controlled device. In order to facilitate orientation (position determination), the information should both be stored and displayed, for example in the form of digital coordinate information or similar reference numbers, which divide a map into sections or division of points that can be interpolated linearly and processed incrementally by the computer .

Then e.g. For position and / or direction detection (coupling navigation), a device known per se for measuring the earth's magnetic field and / or a fiber gyroscope (ring laser) can be used. However, the steering angle stop can also be integrated starting from the starting point and the distance traveled, possibly the distance to a destination and angular deviation can be determined, e.g. as a deviation from the original air line for the direction of travel, deviation from the north-south or east-west direction or latitude / longitude, difference between location codes, location heights and other characteristics.

This dead reckoning enables an accurate and safe position display after a change of location if the above-mentioned at the starting point Codes and / or symbols, e.g. were entered from a map at the input 306. With satellite navigation (6PS) this is not necessary. Satellite radar and communication can also be replaced for all purposes of the invention.

In addition to the new position and the above, the display Distances, in the case of a possible target with identifier at 306, any deviation from the ideal course (both in azimuth and elevation) can be determined by this ideal course being indicated by (illuminated) arrow 1 on the cartographic output 307. The driver can safely choose a new route despite unforeseen events, such as obstacles due to devastation, or have it made by remote control after remote display, even unmanned, e.g. by radio or by means of fiber optics.

REPLACEMENT CL The invention is suitable not only for all types of emergency vehicles but also for reconnaissance and for self-sufficient orientation in mostly unknown, difficult terrain; it can generally be used as a guidance and steering aid or device, even as an autopilot and for remote-controlled emergency vehicles or mobile carriers of devices, for example robots. Remote control is advantageously carried out only on the last part of the route.

Parts of data acquisition, storage and transmission units, servo, steering aids and control devices can if desired - at least temporarily - also be arranged outside a vehicle.

A computer network is useful in the event of major disasters (network), including between control centers and others. Command or measuring points, alarms etc. Sources of information. External storage e.g. via depots, aids, alarm plans must always be updated and kept available on the central computer.

The emergency vehicles according to FIG. 6 can be easily upgraded on conventional chain chassis and drives depending on the intended use - manned with a protected cabin -, remotely steerable or autonomously driven with a diesel engine, gas engine, gas turbine and / or electric motors or hybrid drive (including batteries or from Metal hydride storage) depending on whether there is a fire risk or not. The cabin and / or sensor 18 can be raised in a known manner - also remotely - see FIG. 6. The robot equipment, auxiliary tools and aids for fire fighting, clearing, suction etc. can be laid out or extended or telescoped in advance electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic way. Communication of the emergency vehicles with one another and with the control center, if necessary, must be ensured.

Emergency vehicles and / or means of transport are land / air / water vehicles and combination vehicles also for verification and / or reconnaissance, in particular flying-wing aircraft, rotary-wing aircraft, tilting-wing aircraft / rotors, swivel-wing aircraft / rotors, aircraft for short and vertical start and - landing VSTOL

REPLACEMENT BL with marching and lifting or swiveling engines (hot or cold, jet and / or blowers and jet deflection), sports aircraft, ultra-light aircraft, sailors (with auxiliary motor), (outboard) motor boats, amphibious vehicles.

A major advantage of the invention is the automatic alarming, with the control of the sensors (multisensors as in FIG. 4b) and their triggering circuits that can be carried out from time to time from a control center by querying (sequentially, in parallel) from the central control center 27. A query or check is also carried out if one or more sensors fail. Depending on the weather conditions or other environmental conditions, the sensors can be used / activated in the search head 18 (day / night, fog, smoke, etc.). Every alarm, however brief, is automatically registered. An SOS transmitter in the "black box" continues to transmit after the accident.

The verification and clarification means according to FIGS. Id, 2 and 3 including large radar systems (phase locked array) and satellites provide rapid decision aids. The reconnaissance means can also be reactivated / queried by the computer after the program execution of the CPU for supplementing / correcting and monitoring the auxiliary measures and, if necessary, an additional menu can be generated.

The emergency vehicles of a uniform basic type can be upgraded and equipped on site. They have external dimensions ≤ standard containers and can be automatically docked onto such suitable means of transport (lifting, pulling, pushing) - see also Fig. 8b to 8d. The containers / vehicles are airworthy because they are quickly on site e.g. for shock treatment / injuries and, if necessary, further transportation in special clinics by V / STOL or similar. must be available.

HETZB ^ 1

It is not possible to transport the emergency vehicles over blocked or destroyed roads. Therefore only the basic types / containers - cf. 7a and 7b - transported and the necessary equipment (possibly including search head / telemetric transmitter / receiver and / or sensors) installed on site. The cabin in the vehicle according to FIG. 6 is only necessary when the vehicle is used. The central tubular, elevatable support structure (for the search head 18) is then only extended to the desired height. With an external thread or the like, it has an external thread or the like. and serves as a movement spindle for a cabin that can be moved up and down independently for personnel.

The basic unit / type thus represents a universal motor device for a wide variety of auxiliaries / tools, including pump and others. Units. A universal motor means a multi-component motor / drive and hybrid drive. If necessary / desired, he and / or the vehicle can be remotely controlled / steered on site in the final phase of the journey. The equipment also includes various hangers etc. - see FIG. 8 - depending on the catastrophe, including reloadable launchers for fire grenades and cables / ropes.

The invention also includes modifications and combinations of the features specified in the description, drawing and claims.

In particular, belong ^* to the invention, the agents stated:

a) for automatic alarm generation with sensors, trigger circuit, test and safety device on vehicles (Fig. la - Id),

b) to verify the alarm (Fig. 2),

c) to clarify the alarm (FIGS. 3 and 4),

d) the control center with CPU and its control system (Fig. 5),

e) the emergency vehicle (Fig. 6, 8a) and its control system (Fig. 9, 10).

EB3ATZBL

Claims

Claims

1. Guidelines for disaster and environmental protection characterized by the following steps:

a) Alerting that is as automated as possible b) Verification of the alarm and / or c) Clarification on site d) Computer-aided analysis e) Creation of a computer menu based on stored information, in particular alarm plans, f) Display of the menu as an aid for a decision in a control center g ) Initiate the aid measures after a decision and, if necessary, add / correct them.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the event of an alarm to a control center by means of a computer in near real time, the location, location, type or classification of the accident or the disaster is determined and, if appropriate, additional questions are asked and as far as possible recorded / Answered and verified with the aid of separate means and that the information obtained in this way is entered into a central computer, which then activates the reconnaissance means, which transmit the information obtained on site to the central computer by remote data transmission / telemetry Analysis and generation of a decision menu.

REPLACEMENT LEAF ö

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after the computer analysis and display of the menu for deciding on possible effective relief measures, an intermediate stage, if necessary. Together with pre-alarming of helpers, as "counter-checking" and command collection from the highest-ranking responsible person about his decision (after the menu) is inserted and then the initiation of the selected, tailored to the case, aid measures according to three "modes" either: manually, semi-automatically or automatically.

4. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the alarm is fed to a central control center and the location and, if necessary. The type / classification of the accident / catastrophe are detected / determined and determined by means of a central computer system (CPU) it is verified in the environment by means of existing (measuring) equipment that reconnaissance means are possibly sent to or to the scene of the accident by means of remote data transmission, the reconnaissance means (start) selected by the computer, and possibly guidance or Steering commands that the reconnaissance means transmit their information obtained on site via remote data transmission / telemetry to the input of the central computer for the purpose of analyzing and generating a decision menu on the central computer on the basis of information stored in the memory, such as alarm plans, and selection of the efficient help measures by coordinating / adapting to the currently used Information and display (on the CPU) that by means of remote data transmission, after weighting and decision of the most efficient aid measure, appropriate aids are sent in the most suitable way after the computer has been selected to the scene of the accident / disaster.

5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the alarm is triggered by at least one sensor, preferably a plurality of sensors, which are part of an evaluation and triggering circuit (threshold circuit), with non-compliance with threshold values, such as Über¬ fall below / fall below, the alarm automatically forwards to a central, in particular by remote data transmission / telemetry or line network or radio.

IRSATZBLÄ

6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the alarm is forwarded from a central office to a higher-level (national) central office, preferably automatically, when the classification "major catastrophe" can be determined immediately.

7. Device according to one of claims 4 and subsequent claims, characterized in that the verification means of the alarm are fixed signal detection (scanning and transmission -) - units which assume a high position (eg spire) and sensors (eg images) ¬ sensors, radar or the like.

8. Device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reconnaissance means are standing or movable units, preferably thus on a carrier, platform, movable scenario units, such as image acquisition and transmission units, which in particular by air, land or water vehicles (or combination vehicles) can be brought into an elevated recording position (remotely controlled) and transmit the recordings to the control center for evaluation.

9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the information or emergency vehicles sent to the disaster site are manned or unmanned vehicles (of any kind) including remote-controlled type, the location / navigation aids for orientation / location determination and / or route determination also in the devastated or destroyed, sunken or covered area / buildings.

10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for the reconnaissance (if necessary also for the verification) are combined with emergency vehicles and their equipment or independently transportable / mobile (all types of vehicles) is / are.

ERSA7ZBLATT