WO1989005784A1

WO1989005784A1 - Method for producing compost from stable manure gained by littered animal husbandary

Info

Publication number: WO1989005784A1
Application number: PCT/HU1988/000082
Authority: WO
Inventors: László RUZSÁNYI; Károly SZABÓ; István KESZTHELYI; Tamás TAKÁCS
Original assignee: Ruzsanyi Laszlo; Szabo Karoly; Keszthelyi Istvan; Takacs Tamas
Priority date: 1987-12-18
Filing date: 1988-12-16
Publication date: 1989-06-29
Also published as: HU199203B

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing compost from stable manures gained by littered animal husbandary, for the conversion into a substance - manure - increasing the fertility of the soil by the decomposition of the stable manure under aerobic conditions. The method according to the invention is characterized in that onto a hydroscopic basic layer a mixture of 86-92 mass-% of stable manure and vegetable waste, as well as the mixture of 3-4 mass-% calcium hydrate and 5-10 mass-% activating agent are piled in layers - stocked up in prisms -, after having set moisture content and pH-value the mixture is allowed to rest, as a consequence of chemical processes occuring therein the temperature rises to 70-75°C, now the mixture is allowed to rest at said temperature to achieve fermentation, thereafter, when temperature is reduced to a value of about 50°C the mixture is aerated and by maintaining moisture content on a constant level, after the expiration of 13-14 days, at the given temperature, simultaneously maintaining the aerobic conditions needed for complete decomposition the mixturre is composed, humidified.

Description

METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPOST FROM STABLE MANURE GAINED BY LITTERED ANIM AL HUSBANDRY

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for producing compost from stable manures gained by littered animal husbandry, for the conversion into a substance - manure - increasing the fertility of the soil by the decomposition of the stable manure under aerobic conditions.

B ackground art

It is a well known fact that decomposition of stable manures by humification by using traditional known processes require s after a short-lasting oxidating phase , at a low temperature and under anaerobic conditions at least 12 months . However , this long period of decomposition is not feasible for economic or other reasons in the majority of cases , accordingly, process of decomposition of stable manures cannot be finished prior to delivery, as a consequence , recovery of organic substances into nutritive matters to be absorbed by the plants is taking place to a certain extent only. Professional treatment of stable manures produced in course of large- scale farming involves several difficulties , in a plurality of cases neither financial nor other objective conditions are staying at disposal. Under said conditions we cannot reckon properly with partly humified stable manure , as one of the natural sou rce of nutritive matter for the soil, accordingly its utilization cannot be realized to the desired extent. Another disadvantageous feature of using these partly humified stable manures for soil amelioration lies in that several cases unrecovered matters , e . g. cellulose containing materials are getting also into the soil which are decomposed already in the soil, involving the disadvantage , in so far as nitrogen needed for decomposition will be abstracted from the artificial fertilizers , as a consequence , nitrogen absorption of the soil may deteriorate if only provisionally - considerably.

Disclosure of invention

The aim of the present invention is to develop a method, by means of which disadvantageous features of known processes can be eliminated, decomposition of stable manures resulting from littered husbandry - even in large-scale farming - takes place within a short period under aerobic conditions , while the manure produced in course of the process - the compost - can be utilized more successfully in agriculture for increasing nutritive matter in soil, simultaneously its mass can be increased with materials not having the value of manure .

The invention is based on the recognition, in so far as , if a bacterium concentrate promoting decomposition is added to the organic matter - the waste - and humification is performed under aer ob conditions, period of decomposition can be considerably shortened, simultaneously within the shortened period organic matters will be completely recovered and converted into a form which can be absorbed easily by the plants. The task set by the invention is realized by means of a process, in course of which onto a hygroscopic basic layer the mixture of 86-92 mass-% of stable manure and vegetable waste, as well as the mixture of 3-4- mass-% calcium hydrate and 5-30 mass-% activating agent are piled in layers - stacked up in prisms - , after having set moisture content and pH -value the mixture is allowed to rest, as a consequence of chemical processes occuring therein the temperature rises , now the mixture is allowed again to rest at the higher temperature, and it is set in fermentation. After fermentation temperature of the mixture drops to a value about 50 ºC , aeration is performed; thereafter, by keeping moisture content on a constant level, after the expiration of 13-14 days , at the given temperature simultaneously maintaining aerobic conditions needed for complete decomposition the mixture is composted, humified .

In course of a preferred mode of realization of the process according to the invention as a hygroscopic layer peat- shorts and /or chopped straw and /or any other similar material used to be applied, while as a vegetable waste straw and /or sawdust and /or wood shavings and /or any other sim ilar waste of vegetable origin can be used.

With another preferred mode of realization of the process according to the invention in the mixture consisting of stable manure and waste of vegetable origin the ratio of coal and nitrogen is kept at the value 25-30: 1 .

It is also considered, as advantageous , if moisture content of the mixture is set to 6θ to 65 mass-%, in case of necessity by adding chlor-free water, while pH- value is set to the value in the range between 7 and 8, in case of nece ssity calcium hydrate may be added. Temperature of the piled layers of mixture rises to 70 to 75 ºC , the mixture is allowed to digest for 6 to 8 days, thereafter it is aerated.

In course of another preferred mode of implementation of the process according to the invention after aeration the temperature of the mixture amounts to about 50 C , while moisture content is kept at 50-55 mass-%, compositing is performed at 40 to 45 C for 4 to 5 weeks , simultaneously maintaining aerobic conditions .

Best mode of carrying out the invention Below we detail one of the preferred modes of implementation of the process according to the invention.

As a first step an area provided with a layer impermeable to water for receiving the stable manure is formed, for this purpose e. g. a synthetic foil may also be used. Onto said layer - being impermeable to water - a hygroscopic basic layer is applied, with the present mode of implementation this layer was formed of chopped straw. Thereafter the manure from the stable is mixed with waste of vegetable origin - sawdust - , taking care that in the mixture ratio of coal and nitrogen should remain within the range between 25-30: 1 . The mixture having been prepared in the detailed way is mixed with 3 to 4 mass-% calcium hydrate resp. 5 to 10. mass-% activating agent.

Production of the activating agent used in course of the process is disclosed in the Hungarian Patent HU-P S 195 4-63.

Activating agent is produced as follows :

First of all 25 to 30 mass-% of green vegetable matter,

15 to 20 mass-% of recrement of grapes , 40 to 50 mass-% of crushed reed or chopped straw and 10 mass-% of peat- shorts are mixed in a comminuted state , thereafter moisture content of the mixture is set to 70 to 80 mass-% by adding chlor-free water. T he wetted material is mixed with 0,5 to 1 mass-% of inoculum - related to the total quantity of the wetted material - consisting of green vegetable matter , recrement of grapes, crushed reed, straw or a mixture of mowed grass , decomposed reed-sludge, ammonium nitrate and poultry-litter having been mixed in a given proportion, after having homogenized, the mixture is layered into a prism and allowed to rest for 2-3 weeks .

Thereafter the mixture consisting of 35-40 mass-% fallen leaves of tree, 10 to 12 mass-% of peat- shorts,

40 to 50 mass-% of vegetable waste, expediently comminuted straw and /or corn-stalk are mixed with a mixture comprising

1 to 2 mass-% tobacco powder, 1 to 2 mass-% calcium hydrate and

3 to 5 mass-% ammonium nitrate; after having set the moisture content of the mixture to 60 to 65 mass-% with chlor-free water, the wetted materials are homogenized and piled in prisms , covered with a layer of moisted peat-shorts and covered with black foil and allowed to rest.

As soon as the temperature of the prism has reached 50 to 55 °C within the mixture , related to every m of the prism, 100 to 120 litres of air are blown-in or the prism is turned.

After the expiration of ten days , reckoned from the rise in temperature in the prism, pH-value, proportion of C : N and moisture content are determined, intervention depends on the values obtained . So e. g. , if pH-value lies under 7,5 , it should be set to

7,5-8 by adding calcium hydrate . In case , of proportion C : N exceeded 13: 1 , the proportion is to be set to a value about 10: 1, by adding a further quantity of ammonium nitrate . In case , if moisture content lies below 5θ mass-%, moisture content is to be set to 50 to 55 mass-% by adding chlor-free water and air-blow is continued as long as colour of the prism gets brown, i. e . smell of ammonia weakens . A fter ceasing air-injection, the mixture is allowed to digest for further 1 0 to 14 days.

After having prepared the components forming the activating agent in the aforementioned manner, components are mixed in a proportion of 1 : 1 , thereafter, after having added 15 mas s-% poultry-litter the mixture is to be homogenized and covered with a blackfoil and allowed to rest for 8 to 10 days.

The mixture thus prepared and provided with the activating agents is piled in layers for forming a prism, which is wetted to a moisture content of 6o to 65 mass-% by adding chlor-free water according to necessity, while pH -value is set to a value in the range between

7 and 8 by adding a further quantity of calcium hydrate. Thereafter the mixture is allowed to rest. In the mixture piled into a prism microbiological process needed for decomposition begins , in course of which temperature of the prism rises - in general to 70 to 75 °C - this relatively high temperature is maintained for a relatively long period, 6 to

8 days. During this period an aerob fermentation is taking place , in course of which different bacteria and fungi attack organic matters not having been decomposed yet and decompose those into simple carbonhydrates, meanwhile heat and carbon dioxide are released. Oxidation of carbonhydrates can be seen with the naked eye, indicated by the brownish colour of the material.

Simultaneously nitrifying bacteria bind free ammonia contained in the waste and after having converted it they build it into their own organism in form of protein.

When aerobic fermentation is finished, temperature of the mixture drops to about 50 ºC , now aeration becomes necessary, which is obtained by turning over the prism.

After having turned over the prism , moisture content is set to a constant value of 50 to 55 mass-%, realized also by adding chlor-free water. After the expiration of 13 to 14 days the mixture is composted, humified at a temperature of 40 to 45 ºC for 4-5 weeks ,

The advantage of the method according to the invention lies in that by its application organic matters contained in stable-manure resulting from littered animal husbandry and in the vegetable waste mixed thereto are fully recovered within a relatively short period and take up a form, in which it can be well absorbed by the plants, thus promoting the replacement of nutritive matter in soil.

A further advantageous feature of the process according to the invention lies in that considerable investment is not needed, relatively inexpensively compost-manure in a good quality can be produced.

Claims

1. Method for composting stable-manures gained by littered animal husbandry and conversion into a substance - manure - increasing fertility of the soil by decomposing the stable manure under aerobic conditions, char acteri zed in that onto a hygroscopic basic layer a mixture of 86-92 mass-% of stable manure and vegetable waste, as well as the mixture of 3 -4 mass-% calcium hydrate and 5-10 mass-% activating agent are piled in layers - stocked up in prisms -, after having set moisture content and pH-value the mixture is allowed to rest, as a consequence of chemical processes occuring therein the temperature rises to 70-75ºC, now the mixture is allowed to rest at said temperature to achieve fermentation, thereafter, when temperature is reduced to a value of about 50ºC the mixture is aerated and by maintaining moisture content on a constant level, after the expiration of 13-14 days, at the given temperature, simultaneously maintaining the aerobic conditions needed for complete decomposition the mixture is composted, humified.

2. Method as claimed in claim 1, characteri zed in. that as a hygroscopic layer peat-shorts and /or chopped straw and /or any other similar material is used.

3. Method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characteri zed in that as vegetable waste straw and /or sawdust and /or wood shavings and /or any other waste of vegetable origin are used.

4. Method as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 3, char acterized in that in the mixture of stable-manure and vegetable waste proportion of coal-nitrogen is set to the value of 25-30:1.

5. Method as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 4, char ac terized in that moisture content of the mixture is set to 60-65 mass-%, in case of necessity by adding chlor-free water, while pH- value is set to a vaiue in the range between 7 and 8, if necessary, by adding a further quantity of calcium hydrate.

6. Method as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 5, char acterized in that the mixture piled in a layered prism is allowed to ferment for 6-8 days at a temperature of 70 to 75ºC.

7. Method as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 6, char acterized in that aeration is performed by turning over the prism.

8. Method as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 7, char acterized in that after having performed aeration temperature of the mixture is kept at about 50ºC, while moisture content is maintained at 50-55 mass-%.

9. Method as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 8, characterizzed in that composting is performed at 40-45ºC for 4-5 weeks.