WO1989001138A1 - Procede de mesure de l'effort de contact a l'aide d'une onde ultrasonique - Google Patents

Procede de mesure de l'effort de contact a l'aide d'une onde ultrasonique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989001138A1
WO1989001138A1 PCT/JP1987/000564 JP8700564W WO8901138A1 WO 1989001138 A1 WO1989001138 A1 WO 1989001138A1 JP 8700564 W JP8700564 W JP 8700564W WO 8901138 A1 WO8901138 A1 WO 8901138A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wave
contact
contact surface
probe
thin plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1987/000564
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Takeshi Miyajima
Original Assignee
Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. filed Critical Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd.
Priority to PCT/JP1987/000564 priority Critical patent/WO1989001138A1/fr
Publication of WO1989001138A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989001138A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
    • G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for measuring a contact stress at a contact surface between a thin plate in contact with another object using an ultrasonic wave.
  • thin plate refers to a thin member whose thickness (mainly 2 to 3 mm or less and up to about lonra) through which a plate wave can propagate, and whose shape is a band shape, plate shape, or other planar shape. Needless to say, it also includes a cylindrical shape such as a tube material and a curved shape of a member having a curved surface portion.
  • the thin plates and other solids in contact are metals and non-metals (glass, ceramics, synthetic resin, etc.) through which ultrasonic waves can propagate, and the contact state is, for example, a band.
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are explanatory views of a typical embodiment of the measuring method described in PCTZJP 82 Z 00087.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a method of using a metal (for example, a boss made of carbon steel for a mechanical structure). This is an example of measuring the contact stress on the mating surface (contact surface) when press-fitting (for example, a carbon steel pipe for machine structure).
  • 1 is a pulse reflection type ultrasonic flaw detector
  • 2 is a probe (in this case, a vertical probe).
  • the incident ultrasonic wave 3 is reflected by the contact surface 4.
  • the reflected wave on the bottom surface of the metal ⁇ does not transmit through the contact surface 4 but is reflected by the contact surface 4 and the metal! [It is divided into those that repeat reflection within.
  • the first reflected wave S received by the probe 2 has the following thickness on the CRT of the ultrasonic flaw detector 1 at the position of the transmission pulse 5 as shown in Fig. 10 tt to appear as a echo corresponds to the time T t has elapsed echo height h B l to the position after the second reflected wave 7, the position of the same Ku transmission pulse 5 Appearing as a ⁇ echo echo height h Pl to position after the time T 2 has elapsed, corresponding to the thickness t 2 of the Li metal [pi.
  • the comparison value between the height h Bl of the appearing Bi echo and the length h Pl of the Pi echo is
  • ⁇ h (dB) can be obtained depending on the difference between the echo height and the Pi echo height.
  • the comparative value A h obtained is put into an empirical formula that shows a linear correlation with the logarithm of the difference A h between the contact stress and the echo height, which is confirmed in advance by experiments; Or from a graph created by calculating empirical formulas.
  • PCT / JP 82 00087 shows a specific method for comparing the sound level of the reflected wave reflected from the contact surface 4 with the sound pressure of the transmitted wave transmitted through the contact surface 4 as shown in FIG. 9 above.
  • a vertical probe for transmission abuts on the outer surface of Metal I, and a vertical probe for reception to receive transmitted waves is placed on the bottom of Metal ⁇ .
  • Ultrasonic waves (in this case, jl waves) are input and emitted from the direction, and both the reflected waves from the contact surface 4 and the transmitted waves transmitted through the contact surface 4 receive the ultrasonic waves emitted at an oblique angle with the oblique probe.
  • the method differs from the method in which the probe is in direct contact with the surface of metal I and ⁇ ⁇ , and the distance between the subject and the probe is different.
  • the thickness dimension of the solid I and the solid ⁇ in contact is determined by the difference between the echo of the reflected wave from the contact surface 4 and the contact surface 4. It is necessary that the thickness be such that the transmitted transmitted echo and the transmitted wave can be clearly separated and measured.
  • the contact surface 4 between a thin plate having a thickness of 2 to 3 brittle or less and another solid not only the rain echo of the reflected wave and the transmitted wave are not clearly separated, but also Since it is not possible to perform y measurement that overlaps with the transmitted wave, in such a case, use a liquid immersion method that has a short minimum flaw detection distance, is easy to use at high frequencies, and allows flaw detection of thin materials. become.
  • the environmental conditions during use of the object to be measured directly affect the measurement object if the object cannot be immersed in the liquid tank.
  • it is essential to prepare an immersible liquid tank in accordance with the dimensions, shape, material, etc. of the object to be measured. It is limited to the size of. Therefore the object of measurement is limited to relatively small components to scale, the measurement equipment in difficult working sites like the preparation of the liquid bath is restricted, such as practically impossible t
  • it is necessary to maintain the distance between the probe and the flaw detection surface of the object to be measured at a constant level for scanning, which makes the structure and measurement of the device complicated, simple, and real-time.
  • the direct contact method and the liquid immersion method are not used, and the bottom surface for reflecting the transmitted wave transmitted through the contact surface 4 on the object to be measured or the probe for receiving the transmitted wave is used.
  • the bottom surface is required to be in contact with the contact surface 4 and the bottom surface is far away from the contact surface 4, or when the bottom surface is not obtained because it is integrated with other structures, etc. In some cases, reflected waves and transmitted waves required for measurement cannot be obtained and measurement may not be possible.
  • the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and enables a quantitative, short-time and real-time evaluation without changing the contact state and properties of the contact surface to be measured. It is a basic object of the present invention to provide a method for measuring the contact stress of a contact surface between a thin plate and another solid by ultrasonic waves.
  • Another object of the present invention is to continuously measure the distribution of the contact stress on the contact surface to be measured and to monitor the dynamic contact stress on the contact surface to be measured in a sliding or rotating state.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring contact stress of a contact surface between a thin plate and another solid by using ultrasonic waves.
  • the present invention detects thin plates in contact with other thin plates
  • the probe makes contact with the probe, ultrasonic waves are incident on the thin plate from the probe to generate a plate wave, and the generated plate wave propagates through the thin plate and passes through the contact surface. It is characterized by measuring the contact stress at the contact surface using the pressure as an evaluation index.
  • a feature of the present invention is to utilize a property that has a certain correlation between contact stress at a contact surface between a thin plate and another solid and sound pressure of a plate wave received through the contact surface.
  • a description will be given below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • 8 is a thin plate.
  • a shear wave is applied to the thin plate 8 from the point of incidence 10 in the state where contact stress and stress are generated on the contact surface 4 of width B shown in the figure, under certain conditions, that is, the frequency of the incident transverse wave minus the thin plate 8
  • a sheet wave of a mode determined by the relationship between the sheet thickness and the Poisson's ratio is generated in the thin plate 8.
  • the generated plate wave 12 propagates through the thin plate 8, passes through the contact surface 4, and then emerges from the exit point 11, which is separated from the incident point 10 by an interval ⁇ , but the plate wave 12 at the exit point 11 is While passing through, the wave is constrained under the influence of the contact stress ⁇ , and at the same time, propagates through the contact surface 4 to other solids and is diffused and emitted as an attenuated plate wave 13.
  • the attenuation of the plate wave 12 is also caused by the radiation of the microwave energy from the outer surface of the thin plate 8 at the distance ⁇ from the incident point 10 to the output point 11, that is, the propagation distance of the wave.
  • an echo pattern as shown in FIG. 2 is obtained. That is, it appears as a P echo having an echo height h at a position after the elapse of the time t corresponding to the interval ⁇ from the position of the transmission pulse T at the origin.
  • the height h of the P echo is such that the contact stress ⁇ is large.
  • the wave constraint on the bow 4 increases, and the decay increases in proportion to the height of the constraint.
  • the width B of the contact surface 4 increases, the width of the contact increases.
  • ⁇ the height h of the echo is a function of the contact stress h, the width B of the contact surface 4 and the propagation distance of the plate wave ⁇ , and these relationships are expressed by the following relational expressions. h 0 ⁇ . B ⁇ . ⁇ ' ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ' ⁇ (1)
  • the above equation (1) shows that the height h of the received echo ( ⁇ echo) is inversely proportional to the product of the contact stress ⁇ , the width of the contact surface 4 ⁇ , and the propagation distance of the plate wave ⁇ .
  • the width ⁇ of the contact surface 4 and the propagation distance ⁇ of the plate wave are constant once the DUT is specified, so the height h of the receiving echo is a function of only the contact stress ⁇ , and It becomes a simple engagement equation.
  • the measuring method of the present invention utilizes the relationship of the above equation (2), that is, the relationship in which the length h of the reception echo is inversely proportional to the contact stress ⁇ .
  • the relationship between the height h of the received echo and the contact stress ⁇ has been verified to have a logarithmic linear relationship in an experiment described later, and therefore, the state where the contact stress ⁇ is generated Suffered
  • the contact stress ⁇ can be quantitatively evaluated simply by measuring the height h of the received echo of the DUT, and the sound pressure reflected from the contact surface and the contact surface
  • the contact stress at the contact surface between the thin plate and the other solid is easier than using a liquid bath in which the object is immersed, as compared with the case of evaluating by comparing the sound pressure of the transmitted wave transmitted through the object.
  • it has features that can be evaluated in real time.
  • the contact stress ⁇ is generated over a wide width in a direction perpendicular to the width ⁇ of the contact surface 4 shown in FIG.
  • the distribution state of the contact stress ⁇ can be continuously measured.
  • a plurality of incident points 10 and outgoing points 11 may be juxtaposed in the right-angle direction, and measurement may be performed simultaneously or extremely.
  • the measurement method of the present invention is based on the assumption that the thin plate 8 and the other solid 9 are in a sliding or sliding state, such as a thin-walled cylinder and a rotating body rotating around its outer periphery, and the contact stress ⁇ ?
  • a sliding or sliding state such as a thin-walled cylinder and a rotating body rotating around its outer periphery
  • a transmitting (or receiving) probe is placed on the thin plate on the side, and a receiving (or transmitting) probe is placed on the thin plate on the side opposite to the contact surface 4. is there.
  • the arrangement of the probe is relatively different from that of the contact surface 4, the sound pressure of the plate wave obtained when the propagation distance ⁇ is the same is the same, and the contact Either method can be selected and used according to the situation around the touch surface 4.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the principle of the measuring method of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of an echo pattern on a CRT of a received echo obtained by the method of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory diagram of an experiment conducted to verify the effect of the measurement method of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a VV arrow of FIG. Fig. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between contact stress and echo height based on the results of the experiment shown in Fig. 4.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 show another embodiment of the measuring method of the present invention, and are schematic explanatory diagrams similar to FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is an example of a conventional method for measuring the contact stress of a solid contact surface using ultrasonic waves, and is an explanatory diagram described in PCT / JP 82 Z 00087.
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an echo pattern on a CRT obtained.
  • reference numeral 8 denotes a thin plate (for example, a thin tube), and 9 denotes a solid having a width B in contact with the thin plate 8 at the contact surface 4 (for example, the tube is solidified).
  • the contact surface 4 is pressed and a contact stress ⁇ is generated at ⁇ B.
  • 14 is a transmitting probe for exciting a plate wave (in this case, a Lamb wave) 12 on the thin plate 8
  • 15 is a pair of scissoring surfaces 4, and abutting the probe 14 against the thin plate 8 at an interval ⁇ . This is the receiving probe.
  • a transverse wave is incident on the thin plate 8 from the incident point 10 through the wedge of the probe 14.
  • a mode plate wave 12 is generated in the thin plate 8, which is determined by the relationship between the frequency of the incident transverse wave and the thickness of the thin plate 8 minus the Poisson's ratio of the thin plate 8.
  • the generated wave 12 simulates the thin plate 8, passes through the contact surface 4 on the way, reaches the emission point 11 and is received by the probe 15, but the received plate wave 13 is affected by the contact surface 4.
  • the frequency is selected according to the material and thickness of the thin plate 8 so that the generated plate wave 12 propagates in the thin plate 8 with as little energy loss as possible.
  • the value of [frequency X plate thickness] ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ thigh) be approximately 10 or less.
  • the height h of the P echo is a function of only the contact stress ⁇ when the width B of the solid 9 and the spacing between the probes 14 and 15, that is, the propagation distance of the plate wave, are constant, as described above. Since it has a relationship inversely proportional to the stress ⁇ , to obtain the contact stress ⁇ from the obtained echo height h, the empirical formula obtained in the experiment described later must be By programming, the method of calculating by inputting the length h of the P echo, or by inputting various values into the empirical formula, create a graph that combines the height h of the P echo with the contact stress. In advance, a method such as obtaining the contact stress ⁇ from the graph is used.
  • FIGS. Fig. 4 is a side view explaining the experimental situation
  • Fig. 5 is a view taken in the direction of arrows V-V in Fig. 4
  • Fig. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the contact stress and the echo length obtained in the experiment. It is. In the experiment, the thickness of the thin plate 8 was t!
  • the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 2 MHz
  • the plate wave generated from the relationship with the thickness of the thin plate 8 of 1.2 mm is the so-mode of the symmetric wave (s-mode).
  • the contact stress ⁇ is generated on the contact surface 4 ′ simultaneously with the contact surface 4 because the thin plate 8 is pressed from the rain surface by the load W.
  • the horizontal axis of the figure is the contact stress ⁇ (kg / Dm 2 ), and the vertical axis is the echo height li (d B).
  • the echo height h obtained in this case is such that the corrosion stress ⁇ , increases in proportion to the increase in the load W, and the wave restraint on the contact surfaces 4, 4 'is greatly reduced. It will be reduced.
  • FIG. 3 shows a case where the transmitting probe 14 and the receiving probe 15 are both arranged on the thin plate 8 on the same side as the contact surface 4.
  • the invention is not limited to such an embodiment. That is, FIG. 7 shows a case where the probes 14 and 15 are arranged on a surface opposite to the contact surface 4, and FIG. 8 shows a case where the probe 14 for transmission is opposite to the contact surface 4. Placed on the thin plate 8 on the side surface for receiving An example is shown in which the probe 15 is arranged on the thin plate 8 on the same side as the contact surface 4. The contact surfaces of the probes 14 and 15 in FIG. 8 may be reversed.
  • the above-described method is a visual measurement method in which an echo is displayed on a CRT, but the amount of analog of the echo height is digitized by a commonly used means without displaying on the CRT, and the analog It is also possible to calculate the amount of data and to express it numerically. Also, by storing these in a storage device and comparing them with a reference value, it is possible to make a preventive diagnosis of equipment failure or to use it as basic data for automatic control.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de mesure de l'effort de contact sur la surface de contact d'une feuille mince (principalement d'une épaisseur allant jusqu'à 2 à 3 mm) en contact avec un autre corps solide, utilisant une ondulation de la feuille disponible dans l'un des modes ultrasoniques. Une sonde est mise en contact avec la feuille mince, une onde ultrasonique est injectée dans la feuille mince par la sonde de manière à produire l'ondulation de la feuille, l'ondulation résultante se propage à travers la feuille mince et traverse la surface de contact et l'effort de contact est mesuré en utilisant la pression sonore de l'onde passante comme indice d'évaluation. Il est ainsi possible de mesurer l'effort de contact entre la feuille mince et l'autre corps solide, de manière quantitative et aussi bien statique que dynamique, rapidement et en temps réel, sans utiliser la cuve de liquide dans laquelle jusqu'à présent on plongeait la feuille mince.
PCT/JP1987/000564 1987-07-30 1987-07-30 Procede de mesure de l'effort de contact a l'aide d'une onde ultrasonique WO1989001138A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP1987/000564 WO1989001138A1 (fr) 1987-07-30 1987-07-30 Procede de mesure de l'effort de contact a l'aide d'une onde ultrasonique

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PCT/JP1987/000564 WO1989001138A1 (fr) 1987-07-30 1987-07-30 Procede de mesure de l'effort de contact a l'aide d'une onde ultrasonique

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0387995A2 (fr) * 1989-03-14 1990-09-19 Rolls-Royce Dsv Limited Ondes de contraintes pour boîte dynamométrique
EP0387996A2 (fr) * 1989-03-14 1990-09-19 ROLLS-ROYCE plc Ondes de contraintes pour boîte dynamométrique
JP2006177933A (ja) * 2004-11-24 2006-07-06 Jtekt Corp センサ装置およびセンサ付き転がり軸受装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1983003470A1 (fr) * 1982-03-30 1983-10-13 Ogura, Yukio Procede de mesure par ondes ultrasoniques de la tension de contact entre des surfaces solides adjacentes
JPS629241A (ja) * 1985-07-08 1987-01-17 Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd 超音波によるホ−ス継手の接触応力測定方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1983003470A1 (fr) * 1982-03-30 1983-10-13 Ogura, Yukio Procede de mesure par ondes ultrasoniques de la tension de contact entre des surfaces solides adjacentes
JPS629241A (ja) * 1985-07-08 1987-01-17 Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd 超音波によるホ−ス継手の接触応力測定方法

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0387995A2 (fr) * 1989-03-14 1990-09-19 Rolls-Royce Dsv Limited Ondes de contraintes pour boîte dynamométrique
EP0387996A2 (fr) * 1989-03-14 1990-09-19 ROLLS-ROYCE plc Ondes de contraintes pour boîte dynamométrique
EP0387995A3 (fr) * 1989-03-14 1991-04-10 Rolls-Royce Dsv Limited Ondes de contraintes pour boíte dynamométrique
EP0387996A3 (fr) * 1989-03-14 1991-04-10 ROLLS-ROYCE plc Ondes de contraintes pour boíte dynamométrique
JP2006177933A (ja) * 2004-11-24 2006-07-06 Jtekt Corp センサ装置およびセンサ付き転がり軸受装置

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