WO1987004232A1

WO1987004232A1 - Solid-fuel stove

Info

Publication number: WO1987004232A1
Application number: PCT/AT1987/000001
Authority: WO
Inventors: Georg Riser
Original assignee: Georg Riser
Priority date: 1986-01-13
Filing date: 1987-01-12
Publication date: 1987-07-16
Also published as: EP0252965B1; ATE50855T1; EP0252965A1

Abstract

The stove for solid fuel (5) comprises a stove casing housing a combustion area (2), in which the fuel (5) introduced is burnt in the presence of combustion air flows. The wall of the combustion zone has at least one stove door (6) and the stove casing is provided with at least one connection opening (34) for a flue type connection (35). Below the combustion area (2) is an ashbox, above which is a support (4) for the fuel (5). The wall of the combustion area is provided with a rear, upper, horizontal or oblique wall and one at least approximately vertical baffle (8), which limit a secondary chamber (9), in which the connection openings (10) for an exhaust gas pipe are located. The combustion zone (2) comprises supports for an intermediate plate (8). The flap (7) has at least one stop (23), against which the intermediate plate (18) strikes when inserted and thus opens the flap (7).

Description

Fireplace for solid fuels

The invention relates to a fireplace for solid fuels with a furnace housing, in which there is a combustion chamber, in which the given fuels are burned when the combustion air flows are supplied, the combustion chamber wall having at least one furnace door and the furnace housing with at least one connection Opening for an exhaust pipe is provided, and there is an ash pan below the combustion chamber, which is covered by a support for the fuels.

Especially since the so-called oil crisis, the combustion of Q solid fuels has become increasingly important. Fireplaces in which solid fuels, for example coke, coal or wood, but also recently so-called wood or bark briquettes, can be heated are not only used as stoves for space heating, but are also becoming increasingly important as built-in stoves in fitted kitchens.

The invention particularly relates to the improvement of a stove in which solid fuels can be burned. On the one hand, the combustion chamber should be able to be used optimally, on the other hand, the stove should offer more possible uses. 2.Q, the fireplace according to the invention should be characterized by increased operational safety, it being ensured that the fireplace does not overheat.

This is achieved according to the invention in that the combustion chamber wall is covered by a rear, upper, horizontal or inclined cover wall

25 is formed by a flap, is delimited from a secondary chamber, and that at the upper end of a vertical wall there is a passage for the flue gases into the secondary chamber, with supports for an intermediate plate in the combustion chamber which od or a baking chamber within the combustion chamber. The like. Are divided and the flap

30 has at least one stop against which the inserted intermediate plate abuts and thereby opens the flap. Due to the design of the combustion chamber according to the invention, it is also possible to fire logs with a length of approximately 1/3 meter at a stove depth that is adapted to the current fitted kitchen furniture. This is the length that is currently the most common in the trade.

As already mentioned, if the intermediate plate is inserted into the firebox, the flap opens automatically. The flue gases now pass through the flap opening to the exhaust pipe. The intermediate plate turns the upper part of the cooker into a baking, roasting and grill room.

An embodiment of the invention provides that the combustion chamber is delimited at the bottom by a flap located behind the furnace door and pivotable about a horizontal axis, and that the upper edge of the flap ends with the intermediate plate.

In order to prevent material from accumulating in the flap joint when fuel residues are removed or when loading the stove, it is advantageously provided that an apron projecting into the combustion chamber is articulated on the flap.

Another embodiment of the invention sees one

Combustion chamber on three sides surrounding box, which has flaps or the like. For the inlet of secondary air, and provides that at the connection opening for the exhaust pipe there is a gas guide pipe which projects into the box and connects the combustion chamber to the box. Furthermore, it is provided that the support for the fuels has an exchangeable insert, or that the support for the fuels has a closable grate.

Thanks to these design options, the stove can be used to burn wood as well as coal.

If a shelf with a grate is used and this grate is open, coal can be burned in the stove. If a closed support is used at the bottom or the grate is closed, the stove can be fired with wood. A removable insert with a closed support is only used to remove fired goods.

With a door that in particular- ^; is suitable for a stove according to the invention, it is provided that it has a basket on each side.

If a box is opened, the second box serves as a hinge and that the door can be turned.

It is therefore possible to open the door either to the left or to the right.

An advantageous embodiment provides that a common, removable actuating handle is provided for both legs. This ensures that not both

Bascules are opened unintentionally, which would cause the door to fall out of its holder.

In particular with built-in stoves, ie fireplaces surrounded by wood and plastics, it is important to control the firing process within relatively narrow limits so that the risk of overheating is avoided. Avoiding this requirement of overheating the fireplace is by no means restricted to built-in appliances.

In the case of a fireplace for solid fuels, a spontaneous expulsion and combustion of the volatile constituents of the fuel takes place after the fuel feed, in particular with long-flame fuels. This is due in part to the inertia of the adjusting devices, for example automatic power regulators, hand sliders, etc.

For this short-term overload of the fireplace, the added secondary air is not sufficient for post-combustion of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas, so that larger quantities of CO are emitted unnecessarily over a longer period of time.

This overloading of the fireplace also means that the safety temperatures in the area of the fireplace, which are measured in the test area in accordance with individual fireplace standards, can rise considerably for a short time. Another phenomenon that occurs in solid fuel fireplaces is that due to the desired controllability of the fireplaces and the large control ratio in the minimum load range, the exhaust gas mass flow is so low that it is present in the subsequent exhaust gas line (connecting piece, chimney) cools down, so that at low exhaust gas temperatures it is possible that the dew point in the exhaust line is not reached. This process occurs, for example, when lignite briquettes are fired and wood is not deposited and is not perfectly dry.

Increased safety when operating the fireplace is achieved in that the flaps can be controlled by temperature sensors which are located on the outside of the housing of the combustion chamber.

The invention also optimally overcomes the problem of regulating the exhaust gas temperature in the minimum load range. According to the invention, a flap or the like for the air supply is temperature-dependent, depending on a temperature on the outer surface of the fireplace by a temperature sensor, which is formed, for example, by a liquid controller or bimetal controller, in such a way that at Short-term temperature rise depending on the performance or overload of the fireplace, an amount of air depending on the degree of performance increase flows as secondary air into the fireplace or in the exhaust pipe. This additional amount of air lowers the exhaust gas temperature and the combustion of CO gases. In addition, there is a reduction in the performance of the fireplace, because due to the lower resistance to the ember bed, the amount of exhaust gas conveyed by the chimney is filled up by the false air.

As already mentioned at the beginning, the switching of the flap and the regulation of the supply of secondary air in the low or minimum load range can be controlled to the contrary, so that even a small amount of air is supplied to the fireplace when the velocity of the exhaust gas mass flow falls below a lower value . This delays cooling of the exhaust gases in the connector and in the chimney.

When setting up the fireplace, the shutters on one side can be selected, which are controlled by the temperature sensor on the opposite side of the fireplace. However, the closure flaps can also be controllable on both sides.

It is advantageously provided that the temperature sensor is arranged on the housing of the combustion chamber on the outside and close to the upper edge of the fireplace.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures in the accompanying drawings, without the invention being intended to be restricted thereto. Fig. 1 shows a schematic vertical section through a fireplace according to the invention without an intermediate plate, Fig. 2 shows a same vertical section as Fig. 1 with an inserted intermediate plate, Fig. 3 shows a horizontal section through the fireplace according to the invention, Fig. 4 shows this Detail A of the

Fig. 1, Fig. 5 shows an elevation of the door of the fireplace according to the invention, Fig. 6 shows a horizontal section schematically a horizontal section through the wall of the fireplace in the area of the connecting piece, and Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a fireplace according to the invention.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the fireplace according to the invention has an oven housing 1 in which the combustion chamber 2 is located. Below the combustion chamber 2 is the ash chamber 3, which is separated from the combustion chamber 2 by the support 4 for fuels 5.

At the front, the combustion chamber 2 and the ash chamber 3 are covered by a continuous door 6.

At the rear, the combustion chamber 2 has an upper, horizontal cover wall which is formed by a flap 7 or in which a flap 7 is inserted. A vertical deflection wall 8 adjoins the flap 7.

The flap 7 and the deflection wall 8 delimit a secondary chamber 9, in which the connection openings 10 for an exhaust pipe 35 are located.

During normal operation of the cooker, i.e. H. In the situation shown in FIG. 1, the flue gases in the combustion chamber 2 flow in the direction of the arrows shown in FIG. 1 into the secondary chamber 9 and to the exhaust nozzle.

The upper end of the combustion chamber 2 is advantageously formed by a hotplate 11. The door 6 has a window with two panes 12. Below the panes 12 there is an inlet opening 13, through which secondary air is guided in the direction of the arrow into the space 14 between the two panes and sweeps upwards along the panes 12 in order to enter the burner 2 above the panes 12 via an outlet opening 15.

The passage volume of secondary air can be regulated by a slide or the like at the inlet opening 13.

The design according to the invention not only cools the window, but also provides an optimal supply of preheated secondary air into the combustion chamber 2.

The door 6 can also have one or more additional inlet openings for secondary air, through which the secondary air is led directly into the combustion chamber 2. These passage openings are advantageously located below the window 2.

Behind the door 6 there is a flap 17 which can be rotated about a horizontal axis 16 and behind which the fuel 5 is located.

As shown in dashed lines in FIG. 4, this flap 17 can be pivoted outwards when the door 6 is open. This makes it easier to load the combustion chamber 2 with new fuel, but is particularly important when the intermediate plate 18 shown in FIG. 2 is inserted into the combustion chamber 2.

In order to prevent foreign matter from getting into the joint between the flap 17 and the frame 19, an apron 21 is articulated to the flap 17 at points 20 and covers the joint space when the flap 17 is open. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the support 4 for the fuels 5 is provided with a grate 22. This grate can be exchangeable and can be replaced by a closed pane. If the grate 22 is inserted in the support 4, the fireplace can be used for 5 coal combustion. If a closed pane is used, logs can be heated in the fireplace.

It is also possible to design the grate 22 in such a way that it can be closed, as shown for example in FIG. 3. The grate 22 has 1Q two plates 24 which can be rotated so that either the holes 31 are one above the other and so ash can fall through, or that they are offset from one another, thereby forming a closed support for the fuels 5 .

In order to be able to bake bread in the oven according to the invention, for example, the intermediate plate 18 is inserted into the combustion chamber 2, as shown in FIG. 2.

The intermediate plate 18 is, for example, a chamotte or made of cast iron or sheet metal.

In the inserted state, the intermediate plate 18 abuts stops 23 of the flap 7 and opens it. The flue gases take the path shown in FIG. 2 with arrows to the exhaust pipe.

The space 32, which is delimited by the intermediate plate 18 and the cover plate 11, forms a baking, roasting or grill room.

The supply of fuel 5 with the intermediate plate 18 inserted. is possible through the flap 17, which closes at the top with the intermediate plate 18.

On both sides and at the rear, the fireplace 1 is surrounded by a box 29, the three connections 34 (one on each Side) for the chimney flue 35 and two flaps 30.

At the top of the box 29, temperature sensors 45 or only brackets for attaching a temperature sensor 45 are arranged. The flaps 30 are controlled by the temperature sensors 45. In the event that the exhaust pipe, as indicated by the broken line in FIG. 7, is connected to the right connection 34 of the box 29, the flap 30 on the left-hand left side of the fireplace 1 is advantageously used for regulating the secondary air. The flap 30 on the right side of the fireplace 1 remains permanently closed in this case during operation of the fireplace.

If the temperature in the combustion chamber 2 of the fireplace briefly exceeds a level to which a controller is set, the flaps 30 or one of the flaps 30 are opened by an impulse from the temperature sensor 45 and secondary air is admitted into the box 29, which then Port 34 and further flows into the chimney. This results in an automatic power reduction in the combustion chamber 2. If the temperature drops to the desired operating size, the flap 30 is closed again.

As can be seen from FIG. 6, the cladding of the combustion chamber 2 in the exhaust pipe 35 has an inner gas guide pipe 33 with a smaller cross section. This provides the connection between the box 29 and the combustion chamber 2. The connections 34 for the exhaust gas connector 35 and the inner gas guide connector 33 are advantageously attached to three sides of the fireplace 1. The unused connections 34 and the inner gas guide stubs 33 are closed by a common cover.

As can be seen from FIG. 5, the door 6 is provided with a frame 25 on each side. The rods 26 can be pushed apart or retracted by a centrally arranged handle 27 and engage in eyelets 28 in the front frame of the cooker. If a box 25 is opened, ie the rods 26 are pulled together, the door 6 can be rotated about the other box 25, so that this box 25 forms a hinge.

In this way, the door 6 can be opened both to the right and to the left.

In order to prevent both legs 25 from being opened at the same time, as a result of which the door 6 would fall out of its holder, the handle 27 can be designed to be removable, so that it can optionally be attached to one or the other base 25.

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Fireplace for solid fuels with a furnace housing, in which a combustion chamber is located, in which the given fuels are burned when the combustion air flows are supplied, the combustion chamber wall having at least one furnace door and providing the furnace housing with at least one connection opening for an exhaust gas nozzle is, and there is an ash box below the combustion chamber, which is covered by a support for the fuels, characterized in that the combustion chamber wall by a rear, upper, horizontal or inclined cover wall, which is formed by a flap (7), opposite one Secondary chamber (9) is delimited, and that at the upper end of a vertical wall (8) there is a passage for the flue gases into the secondary chamber, with supports for an intermediate plate (18) in the combustion chamber (2). which divide a baking chamber (31) or the like within the combustion chamber, and the flap (7) has at least one stop (23 ), against which the inserted intermediate plate (18) abuts and thereby opens the flap (7).

Fireplace according to claim 1, characterized by a box (29) which advantageously surrounds the combustion chamber (2) on three sides and has flaps (30) or the like for the admission of secondary air and in that at the connection opening (34) for the Exhaust pipe (35) is a gas guide pipe (33) which projects into the box (29) and connects the combustion chamber (2) to the box (29).

3. Fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the

Pad (4) for the fuels (5) has an interchangeable insert.

4. Fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the support (4) for the fuels (5) has a closable grate (22).

5. Fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chamber (2) below by a behind the furnace door (6) lying around a horizontal axis flap (17) is limited.

6. Fireplace according to claim 4 and 5, characterized in that ^* the upper edge of the flap (17) with the intermediate plate (18) closes.

7. Fireplace according to claim 5, characterized in that on the flap ⁽ 17 ⁾ in the combustion chamber (2) projecting apron (21) is articulated.

5 8. Fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace door (6) is provided in a manner known per se with a window with two panes (12) and that secondary air through an inlet opening (13) below the panes (12) in the Intermediate space (14) is guided between the disks (12) and enters the combustion chamber (2) through an outlet opening (15) above the disks (12).

9. door, in particular oven door, for a fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided on each side with a Basküle (25).

5 10. Door according to claim 9, characterized in that for both

Baskülen (25) a common, removable actuating handle (27) is provided.

11. Fireplace according to claim 2, characterized in that the flaps (30) can be controlled by temperature sensors (45) which are located on the outside of the Q housing of the combustion chamber.

12. Fireplace according to claim 11, characterized in that the temperature sensors (45) are arranged close to the upper edge of the fireplace (1).

13. Fireplace according to claim 11, characterized in that the temperature sensors (45) and the flaps (30) or the like controlled by them are located on opposite sides of the fireplace (1).