WO1987003322A1 - Strand for stressed concrete structure and process for its production - Google Patents

Strand for stressed concrete structure and process for its production Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1987003322A1
WO1987003322A1 PCT/HU1986/000060 HU8600060W WO8703322A1 WO 1987003322 A1 WO1987003322 A1 WO 1987003322A1 HU 8600060 W HU8600060 W HU 8600060W WO 8703322 A1 WO8703322 A1 WO 8703322A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wires
strand
cross
section
surface profiling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HU1986/000060
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ottó LAKATOS
Lajos MADARÁSZ
Original Assignee
"December 4." Drótmüvek
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by "December 4." Drótmüvek filed Critical "December 4." Drótmüvek
Priority to AT86906911T priority Critical patent/ATE72282T1/en
Priority to DE8686906911T priority patent/DE3683769D1/en
Publication of WO1987003322A1 publication Critical patent/WO1987003322A1/en
Priority to FI873196A priority patent/FI873196A0/en
Priority to NO873118A priority patent/NO873118L/en

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/08—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core the layers of which are formed of profiled interlocking wires, i.e. the strands forming concentric layers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a strand for stressed concrete structures, and to a process for its production.
  • strands are used for pre- stressed, or after-stressed (reinforced) concrete structures to take up the stretching foree.
  • These are formed generally with three to seven pieces of 2 to 5 mm thick cold drawn individual steel wires, so-called “elementary filaments” to cable-type strand with the use of twisting (stranding) machine.
  • These strands transmit the stretching force to the concrete structure through adhesion, or anchorage between the strand and the concrete.
  • the experts have been trying to find a solution for a long time, whereby adhesion or holding power of the strands to the concrete could be improved, since this way the stretching foree could be increased, which would be particularly desiralsle especially in case of high load bearing stresse ⁇ concrete structures, or long spans.
  • Such strands and cables are already known from the British patent specification No. 1 194 758 and GPR patent specification No. 1 659 265, where evenly distributed (periodic) profiling of small depth is produced by rolling after cold drawing on the surface of the covering wires of the strand, just as in case of the simple concrete reinforcing rods.
  • the adhesive capacity of- the strand in the concrete is improved by the periodic profiling formed with such indentation, i.e. "the anchoring length" will be shorter, however the increased risk of cracking or breakage must be reckoned with in the elementary filaments at the corners of the indentations upon the bending and torsional stresses arising during loading of the strand.
  • the arrangement of the periodic surface profiles within the strand is incidental, in other words, the "functional" cross section surfaces of the sections perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the strand are different from each other, consequently the stress conditions arising during loading are also different.
  • the invention is aimed at the elimination of above shortcomings, i.e. at the realization of such strand for stressed reinforced concrete structures, whereby the adhesion to concrete can be improved, and at the same time identical stress conditions can be assured in all strand cross sections.
  • strand which has a twist formed with at least three wires provided with surface profiling.
  • the surface profiling of the wires is formed as non-circular cross section-profile continuously passing through the wire in longitudinal direction.
  • the cross section profile of the wires continuously passing through in longitudinal direction may suitably be a polygonal profile, preferably a rounded regular hexagon. This enables a very simple production.
  • such construction is also conceivable, where the cross section profile of the wires continuously parsing through in longitudinal direction is formed as such circular or polygonal cross section, which is provided with groove-like recesses and/or rib-like extensions evenly distributed along the circumference.
  • the starting point was such conventional process, where first the surface profiling of the wires is formed with cold deformation, then at least three wires are formed to strand with simultaneous twisting.
  • the essence of the process according to the invention is that the surface profiling of the wires is formed by drawing through drawplate of non-circular, preferably rounded hexagonal cross section. It is advisable to form the wires by turning around their longitudinal axis during or after formation of the profile, but before twisting. It is expedient if the turning direction of the wires coincides with the subsequent twisting direction of the strand. Furthermore, it is preferable if the pitch of the twisting is selected to the multiple, suitably at least to tenfold of the pitch of wire-turning.
  • the invention is described in detail with the aid of drawing, showing the cross section of the strand according to the invention given by way of example, and drawn to enlarged scale.
  • the strand denoted with reference number 1 in this case consists of a round central wire 2, (i.e. "supporting core wire") and tangentially surrounding six covering wires 3.
  • the covering wires 3 in contact with the concrete in built-in state have non-circular cross section profile continuously passing through in longitudinal direction for the purpose of increased adhesion to the concrete, and establishing indentical stress conditions in all strand cross sections.
  • the covering wires 3 are of regular hexagonal cross section, rounded on the corners.
  • the diameter of central wire 2 is marked with D 2
  • diameter of the circle drawable into the hexagon in case of the cover wire is marked with D 3
  • diameter of the circle drawable around the hexagon with DA and the embracing facedistance of strand 1 with L 1 , while its distance between centres is marked with L 2 .
  • the diameter D 2 of the central wire 2 is selected to 4.26 mm, and the diameter D 3 of the covering wires 3 to 4.11 mm.
  • the production technology of the central wire 2 and covering wires 3 is essentially conventional.
  • the production of the covering wires 3 according tothe invention only the last step of the cold deformation is different, where special drawplate of hexagonal opening cross section was used to obtain the required cross section.
  • the covering wire 3 is turned around its longitudinal axis (naturally this can be dispensed with in given case) while passing through the drawplate.
  • the pitch of wire-turning is determined by the pitch of the drawplate.
  • the drawplate was embedded as to be capable to turn around the advanced wire.
  • the twist i.e. the strand 1 is formed on a conventional twisting machine with the central wire 2 and six covering wires 3.
  • the turning direction of the covering wires 3 was selected to be identical with the direction of twisting, furthermore the pitch of twisting was selected to about tenfold of the turning pitch.
  • any cross section of the strand is identical, consequently the arising stress conditions too are identical.
  • the surface area increased according to the periodic profiling results in improved anchoring capacity of the strand 1, consequently the load bearing capacity of the strand 1 and its safety factor are also increased.
  • the use of steel, i.e. material is less for the strand provided with covering wires of helical hexagon cross section according to the invention.
  • the central wire 2 is omitted.
  • even the central wire may be identical with the covering wires.
  • any other non-circular profile can also be used with similar result, e.g. as polygonal cross sections, thus regular pentagon, octogon, etc.
  • such circular or polygonal profile too may come into question at least for the covering wires, which is provided with groove- like recesses passing through in longitudinal direction, and/or rib-like, or web-like extensions passing through in longitudinal direction.
  • the cold deformation of the three latter ones may be accomplished in any other way, e.g. by rolling.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Abstract

A strand for stressed concrete structures, formed as a twist with at least three wires provided with surface profiling. The essential feature of the invention is that the surface profiling of the wires (3) is formed as non-circular cross section profile continuously passing through the wire in longitudinal direction. Furthermore subject of the present invention is a process for the production of this type of strand. Here first the surface profiling of the wires is formed with cold deformation, then at least three wires are simultaneously twisted to a strand. The essential feature of the process is that the surface profiling of the wires is formed by drawing through drawplate of non-circular cross section, preferably of regular hexagon opening cross section with rounded corners.

Description

STRAND FOR STRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURE AND PROCESS FOR ITS PRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a strand for stressed concrete structures, and to a process for its production.
As known, different strands are used for pre- stressed, or after-stressed (reinforced) concrete structures to take up the stretching foree. These are formed generally with three to seven pieces of 2 to 5 mm thick cold drawn individual steel wires, so-called "elementary filaments" to cable-type strand with the use of twisting (stranding) machine. These strands transmit the stretching force to the concrete structure through adhesion, or anchorage between the strand and the concrete. The experts have been trying to find a solution for a long time, whereby adhesion or holding power of the strands to the concrete could be improved, since this way the stretching foree could be increased, which would be particularly desiralsle especially in case of high load bearing stresseά concrete structures, or long spans. PRIOR ART
Such strands and cables are already known from the British patent specification No. 1 194 758 and GPR patent specification No. 1 659 265, where evenly distributed (periodic) profiling of small depth is produced by rolling after cold drawing on the surface of the covering wires of the strand, just as in case of the simple concrete reinforcing rods. Although the adhesive capacity of- the strand in the concrete is improved by the periodic profiling formed with such indentation, i.e. "the anchoring length" will be shorter, however the increased risk of cracking or breakage must be reckoned with in the elementary filaments at the corners of the indentations upon the bending and torsional stresses arising during loading of the strand. Furthermore, the arrangement of the periodic surface profiles within the strand is incidental, in other words, the "functional" cross section surfaces of the sections perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the strand are different from each other, consequently the stress conditions arising during loading are also different. This implies that the possibly smallest cross section is to be reckoned with for strength calculation of the strand, which however is unfavourable in respect of the steel utilization.
Furthermore such process for strand production is recommended by the British patent specification No. 1 336 200, where the strand twisted from round wires is tightened by deformation with radial external pressure. In the course of this, mainly the covering wires pass through free deformation, while their concentric cross section will be deformed to irregular shape. The purpose of tightening is to obtain the possibly smallest strand cross section mainly for the after-stressed structures. This tightening however inevitably entails reduction of the outer surface of the strand in contact with the concrete, which in view of the foregoing is undesirable in respect of the adhesion. SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The invention is aimed at the elimination of above shortcomings, i.e. at the realization of such strand for stressed reinforced concrete structures, whereby the adhesion to concrete can be improved, and at the same time identical stress conditions can be assured in all strand cross sections.
In order to solve the problem, initially such, strand was used, which has a twist formed with at least three wires provided with surface profiling.
This wa.s further developed according to the invention in that the surface profiling of the wires is formed as non-circular cross section-profile continuously passing through the wire in longitudinal direction. The cross section profile of the wires continuously passing through in longitudinal direction may suitably be a polygonal profile, preferably a rounded regular hexagon. This enables a very simple production. According to a further characteristic feature of the invention such construction is also conceivable, where the cross section profile of the wires continuously parsing through in longitudinal direction is formed as such circular or polygonal cross section, which is provided with groove-like recesses and/or rib-like extensions evenly distributed along the circumference.
In the course of the development of the process for the production of the strand according to the in- vention the starting point was such conventional process, where first the surface profiling of the wires is formed with cold deformation, then at least three wires are formed to strand with simultaneous twisting. The essence of the process according to the invention is that the surface profiling of the wires is formed by drawing through drawplate of non-circular, preferably rounded hexagonal cross section. It is advisable to form the wires by turning around their longitudinal axis during or after formation of the profile, but before twisting. It is expedient if the turning direction of the wires coincides with the subsequent twisting direction of the strand. Furthermore, it is preferable if the pitch of the twisting is selected to the multiple, suitably at least to tenfold of the pitch of wire-turning. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
.The invention is described in detail with the aid of drawing, showing the cross section of the strand according to the invention given by way of example, and drawn to enlarged scale. As seen, the strand denoted with reference number 1, in this case consists of a round central wire 2, (i.e. "supporting core wire") and tangentially surrounding six covering wires 3.
According to the invention the covering wires 3 in contact with the concrete in built-in state have non-circular cross section profile continuously passing through in longitudinal direction for the purpose of increased adhesion to the concrete, and establishing indentical stress conditions in all strand cross sections. In the presented case the covering wires 3 are of regular hexagonal cross section, rounded on the corners. In the drawing the diameter of central wire 2 is marked with D2, diameter of the circle drawable into the hexagon in case of the cover wire is marked with D3, diameter of the circle drawable around the hexagon with DA, and the embracing facedistance of strand 1 with L1, while its distance between centres is marked with L2.
It is advisable to dimension the diameter D2 of the central wire 2 greater by 3-4 % than the diameter D3 of the covering wires 3 for better seating of the covering wires 3. In case of the 1/2" strand - given by way of examples - the diameter D2 of central wire 2 was selected to 4.26 mm, and the diameter D3 of the covering wires 3 to 4.11 mm.
It is noted that the covering wires 3 are shown in ideal state in the drawing, where the hexagonal faces of the adjacent wires 3 bear up on each other. In the reality this rarely occurs. Production of the strand 1 according to the invention is the following:
The production technology of the central wire 2 and covering wires 3 is essentially conventional. In the production of the covering wires 3 according tothe invention only the last step of the cold deformation is different, where special drawplate of hexagonal opening cross section was used to obtain the required cross section.
In the present case the covering wire 3 is turned around its longitudinal axis (naturally this can be dispensed with in given case) while passing through the drawplate. The pitch of wire-turning is determined by the pitch of the drawplate. During the experiments the drawplate was embedded as to be capable to turn around the advanced wire.
After finishing the production of the covering wires 3, the twist, i.e. the strand 1 is formed on a conventional twisting machine with the central wire 2 and six covering wires 3. In the course of the experiments the turning direction of the covering wires 3 was selected to be identical with the direction of twisting, furthermore the pitch of twisting was selected to about tenfold of the turning pitch. As a. result of this, after the twisting favourable contact between the wires 2 and 3, and after building in the strand 1 the possibly most favourable anchorage were accomplished with the illustrated helical hexagon profile.
Naturally the strength properties of the strand can be improved by the conventional heat treatments widely used in the practice (e.g. tempering, stabilization), which however are obvious for the expert in the art, thus their description is unnecessary.
The experiences of the experiments demonstrated that the illustrated strand 1 a.ccording to the invention can be produced simply and productively at relatively low additional cost, with traditional equipment. Owing to the hexagonal cross section of the covering wires continuous in longitudinal direction, any cross section of the strand is identical, consequently the arising stress conditions too are identical. The surface area increased according to the periodic profiling results in improved anchoring capacity of the strand 1, consequently the load bearing capacity of the strand 1 and its safety factor are also increased. Or assuming for instance identical load bearing, compared to traditional strand of periodic profiling, the use of steel, i.e. material is less for the strand provided with covering wires of helical hexagon cross section according to the invention.
Naturally for example in the case of a. threewire strand the central wire 2 is omitted. Moreover, in case of multi-wire strands even the central wire may be identical with the covering wires. Furthermore, according to the invention in place of the above described hexagon profile any other non-circular profile can also be used with similar result, e.g. as polygonal cross sections, thus regular pentagon, octogon, etc. In addition, such circular or polygonal profile too may come into question at least for the covering wires, which is provided with groove- like recesses passing through in longitudinal direction, and/or rib-like, or web-like extensions passing through in longitudinal direction. The cold deformation of the three latter ones may be accomplished in any other way, e.g. by rolling.

Claims

CLAIMS :
1. Strand for stressed concrete structures formed a.s twist from at least three wires provided with surface profilings, characterized in that the surface profiling of the wires (3) is formed as non-circular cross section profile continuously passing through the wire in longitudinal direction.
2. Strand as claimed in claim 1., characterized in that the cross section profile of the wires (3) continuously passing through the wire in longitudinal direction is a polygonal profile, preferably a regular hexagon with rounded corners.
3. Strand as claimed in claim 1., characterized in that the cross section profile of the wires (3) passing through continuously in longitudinal direction, is such circular and/or polygonal cross section which is provided preferably with evenly distributed groovelike recesses and/or web-like extensions along the circumference.
4. Process for the production of strand for stressed concrete structure, where first the surface profiling of the wires is formed with cold deformation, then at least three wires are simultaneously twisted to strand, characterized in that the surface profiling of the wires is formed by drawing through drawplate preferably of regular hexagonal opening cross section with rounded corners.
5. process as claimed in claim 4., characterized in that the wires are turned around their longitudinal axis during or after the profiling of the wires.
6. Process a,s claimed in claim 5., characterized in that the turning direction of the wires coincides with the subsequent twisting direction of the strand.
7. Process as claimed in claim 6., characterized in that the pitch of the strand's twisting is selected to the multiple, suitably to tenfold of the pitch of wireturning.
PCT/HU1986/000060 1985-11-26 1986-11-18 Strand for stressed concrete structure and process for its production WO1987003322A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86906911T ATE72282T1 (en) 1985-11-26 1986-11-18 PRE-PRESSURE STEEL FOR PRE-PRESSED CONCRETE AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE.
DE8686906911T DE3683769D1 (en) 1985-11-26 1986-11-18 TENSILE STEEL FOR TENSILE CONCRETE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF.
FI873196A FI873196A0 (en) 1985-11-26 1987-07-20 SPAENNTRAOD FOER SPAEND BETONGSTRUKTUR OCH FOERFARANDE FOER DESS TILLVERKNING.
NO873118A NO873118L (en) 1985-11-26 1987-07-24 PARTY FOR LOADED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION, AND PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING THE SAME.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU4511/85 1985-11-26
HU854511A HU204312B (en) 1985-11-26 1985-11-26 Stretching staple for stressed concrete structures

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1987003322A1 true WO1987003322A1 (en) 1987-06-04

Family

ID=10968173

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/HU1986/000060 WO1987003322A1 (en) 1985-11-26 1986-11-18 Strand for stressed concrete structure and process for its production

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0247130B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE72282T1 (en)
CS (1) CS274284B2 (en)
DD (1) DD259228A1 (en)
DE (1) DE3683769D1 (en)
FI (1) FI873196A0 (en)
HU (1) HU204312B (en)
NO (1) NO873118L (en)
WO (1) WO1987003322A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1437451A1 (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-14 Fontainunion S.A. Wire-shaped element for reinforcing concrete

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB793305A (en) * 1953-11-07 1958-04-16 Westfalenhutte Ag Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of steel members for reinforcing concrete
DE1954779A1 (en) * 1968-10-30 1970-05-06 Isin Iyanier Cold-drawn profile wires made of metallic material with helical circumferential profile ribs, nails, screws or the like made from them, as well as a method and a device for their production
US3735625A (en) * 1970-07-28 1973-05-29 Naniwa Seitel Co Ltd Apparatus for producing helical wires, rods, bars and the like
DE2416633A1 (en) * 1973-04-16 1974-10-17 Bekaert Sa Nv REINFORCEMENT
DD133533A5 (en) * 1976-12-01 1979-01-10 Zaklady Hutniczo Przetworcze M METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEXAGON BARS AND A TOOL FOR USING THIS METHOD
DE2855869A1 (en) * 1977-12-30 1979-07-05 Barnabo Steel Corp COLD DRAWING TOOL

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB793305A (en) * 1953-11-07 1958-04-16 Westfalenhutte Ag Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of steel members for reinforcing concrete
DE1954779A1 (en) * 1968-10-30 1970-05-06 Isin Iyanier Cold-drawn profile wires made of metallic material with helical circumferential profile ribs, nails, screws or the like made from them, as well as a method and a device for their production
US3735625A (en) * 1970-07-28 1973-05-29 Naniwa Seitel Co Ltd Apparatus for producing helical wires, rods, bars and the like
DE2416633A1 (en) * 1973-04-16 1974-10-17 Bekaert Sa Nv REINFORCEMENT
DD133533A5 (en) * 1976-12-01 1979-01-10 Zaklady Hutniczo Przetworcze M METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEXAGON BARS AND A TOOL FOR USING THIS METHOD
DE2855869A1 (en) * 1977-12-30 1979-07-05 Barnabo Steel Corp COLD DRAWING TOOL

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
RORORO-TECHNIK-LEXIKON, "Bautechnik 6", issued 1976, (Hamburg), page 1196. *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1437451A1 (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-14 Fontainunion S.A. Wire-shaped element for reinforcing concrete
BE1015295A3 (en) * 2003-01-08 2005-01-11 Fontainunion S A Building element for concrete.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE72282T1 (en) 1992-02-15
CS864786A2 (en) 1990-09-12
FI873196A (en) 1987-07-20
NO873118D0 (en) 1987-07-24
EP0247130B1 (en) 1992-01-29
HU204312B (en) 1991-12-30
NO873118L (en) 1987-09-22
HUT43362A (en) 1987-10-28
EP0247130A1 (en) 1987-12-02
CS274284B2 (en) 1991-04-11
DE3683769D1 (en) 1992-03-12
FI873196A0 (en) 1987-07-20
DD259228A1 (en) 1988-08-17

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