WO1987002144A1 - Procede et dispositif de localisation d'une source sonore - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de localisation d'une source sonore Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1987002144A1
WO1987002144A1 PCT/GB1986/000597 GB8600597W WO8702144A1 WO 1987002144 A1 WO1987002144 A1 WO 1987002144A1 GB 8600597 W GB8600597 W GB 8600597W WO 8702144 A1 WO8702144 A1 WO 8702144A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
signals
data
source
common
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1986/000597
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Iain Derek Sandoe
Stuart Antony William Bennett
Nicholas George Pallecaros
George Malcolm Swift Joynes
Original Assignee
Plessey Overseas Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Plessey Overseas Limited filed Critical Plessey Overseas Limited
Publication of WO1987002144A1 publication Critical patent/WO1987002144A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
    • G01S5/20—Position of source determined by a plurality of spaced direction-finders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/14—Indirect aiming means
    • F41G3/147—Indirect aiming means based on detection of a firing weapon
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/80—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • G01S3/802—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/808—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using transducers spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
    • G01S3/8083—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using transducers spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems determining direction of source

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of locating the position of a sound source and more particularly to a sound location system for detecting sound emissions from, and locating the positions of, sources of quasi-impulsive sounds.
  • the invention finds application as a sound location system for locating guns and mortars firing at high or low rates, the system also finding application in sonar, seismic and like sound location processes.
  • the basis of gun sound location is the measurement of characteristics (such as the time of arrival) of sound 'breaks' which are received at microphones distributed in some known configuration, and the calculation from the resulting data of the position of each gun, probably in Cartesian map co-ordinates.
  • the rate of firing of these " guns may be as high as 10 per second.
  • an array length of approximately 15 to 20 kilometres or more is typically required.
  • the speed of sound is such that it takes almost 60 seconds to travel 20 km.
  • the memory of a processor will accumulate about 1200 x B breaks, where B is the number of microphone positions in the array.
  • array processing or single source estimation methods There are a number of methods of handling this sort of data, which fall .into one of two groups: array processing or single source estimation methods.
  • the former group accepts data in unprocessed form and estimates source positions by various means of cross-correlation.
  • This type of processing is applicable to continuous or quasi-continuous signals and so is not particularly appropriate to gun location systems.
  • the latter group of processing methods will only accept data that has been previously sorted into associated sets, but is appropriate to impulsive waveforms.
  • the basic procedure is to take these breaks from each microphone and to associate them with breaks from all the others, so that the computation of individual gun positions may be carried out.
  • the present invention has as one objective the provision of a substantially automatic sound location system for locating guns and mortars firing at high rates, the system also finding application in substantially automatic sonar and seismic location processes.
  • a method of locating the position of a source of sound comprising the steps of feeding to signal processing means a plurality of signals representative of sound impulses detected from a plurality of detector clusters each of which includes a plurality of sound detectors arranged in a predetermined pattern, processing the signals to generate data on the time and angle of arrival of each of the signals relative to respective detector clusters and making comparative associations between different parts df the data to identify sets of the signals originating from a common sound source.
  • the method comprises the step of processing data representative of the associated sets of signals originating from the common sound source to provide a more accurate estimate of the location of the common sound source.
  • a sound location system comprising a plurality of detector clusters each of which includes a plurality of sound detectors arranged in a predetermined pattern, the detector clusters being positioned at spaced apart locations and arranged to feed signals representative of detected sound impulses to signal processing means, the signal processing means being operative to identify signals from different detector clusters which correspond to a common sound source thereby providing data for identifying the location of each sound source.
  • the signal processing means is, adapted to process the signals representative of detected sound impulses to generate data on the time and angle of arrival of each of those signals relative to respective detector clusters and to make comparative associations between different parts of the data to identify sets of signals originating from a common source.
  • the signal processing means is adapted to process the associated sets of signals originating from a common source to provide a more accurate estimate of common sound source location.
  • the signal processing relating to the generation of the data representative of the time and angle of arrival of sound impulses to each detector cluster is carried out in a respective cluster processor, transmission means being provided for feeding the data from each cluster processor to a further processor for making the comparative associations between parts of the data to identify sets of the signals originating from a common source.
  • the further processor or an additional processor coupled to said further processor, is employed to process data representative of the associated sets of signals to provide a more accurate estimate of the location of the common sound source.
  • the sound detectors are microphones, the method being employed as the basis of an automatic sound location system for locating guns or mortars.
  • the concept behind the system design in the drawing is that of utilising a three-level filtering and break- association process. Rather than using a single array processing algorithm, small and large scale microphone arrays are connected to give the potential for a distributed process.
  • a hostile battery 2 emits a variety of impulsive sounds which together with extraneous sounds are picked up by a plurality of spaced microphone clusters 4, 6, arranged to define an acoustic array.
  • a cluster processor 10 receives signals from the microphone cluster 4, the cluster 4 comprising typically three microphones.
  • the microphones in cluster 4 are arranged in a pre-determine * d shape with dimensions of a few tens of metres. To provide 360 degree azimuth coverage, the shape adopted for the three microphones is that of an equilateral triangle.
  • the cluster processor 10 receives the signals and calculates the mean time of arrival and the angle of arrival of the acoustic wavefronts a.nd estimates the errors associated with them.
  • the " angle and time of arrival of a break are dependent on such environmentally related factors as topography, wind velocities, air temperature, humidity and pressure, and mode of acoustic propagation all represented by the block 3 in the drawing. It is possible to take into account the local values of some of these factors and to provide some degree of correction for their effects. This correction is provided as data fed to the cluster processor 10 from a MET DATA block 12. Physically, the cluster processing can take place either at the cluster 4 its'elf (i.e.
  • An advantage of the former arrangement is that a significant amount ot data reduction can be done before transrission by a transmitter 14 back to the central position, which may be a distinct advantage when radio transmission in adverse circumstances is required.
  • Signals from the transmitter 14, signals from a plurality of other transmitters 8 associated with other cluster microphones 6 located at other points in the acoustic array and electronic counter measure (ECM) signals, if any, are received at a receiver 16.
  • ECM electronic counter measure
  • Demodulation takes place in the receiver 16 and the demodulated signals fed to a coarse processor 18.
  • the coarse processor 18 is thereby supplied with the information on time and angle of arrival of each break calculated by the cluster processors associatecd with the cluster microphones 4, 6.
  • the cluster microphones 4, 6 are distributed over a distance of perhaps 15 to 25 km, depending on their number and the range over which location is required.
  • the shape of the acoustic array does not have to be pre-determined, except in the sense that the width and depth (relative to the Forward Edge Battle Area, FEBA, or similar reference line) must be chosen to give the required location accuracy across the areas under surveillance.
  • the fine processor 20 receives the associated arrival times of angles and combines them in a manner which is deemed to be optimal.
  • the system according to the present invention is based on the concept of distributed processing. It is distinctly different from array processing in that it takes advantage of the impulsive nature of the sounds but does not need to rely upon the correlation between signals across the full array width, which is likely to be low.
  • the system is modular, and can be adapted to cope with different requirements, and also changes as battle progresses (such as failures in some of the microphones),
  • the array geometry does not have to be a simple linear one, but can be arranged to give the necessary location accuracies across the designated areas of surveillance, (c) the array geometry is tolerant of changes in planned position, caused by the need to avoid physical obstructions or acoustic dead areas, and may be operated with semi-random distribution of clusters, if this was desirable, (d) the cluster processing allows valuable data reduction to be performed before transmission by radio from the microphones to the central processor. This helps with such aspects as ECCM and covertness,
  • the signal processing means may also be adapted by suitable algorithms to enable the system to search over limited arcs or areas of the battlefield to be as insensitive as possible to the precise location of each microphone in the array of clusters and locate shell bursts.
  • system may also be used for processing other types of signal, such as from seismic or sonar arrays.
  • Cluster Microphone comprises three microphones arranged in a predetermined pattern, in other embodiments of the present invention two, four or more microphones may be used in a predetermined arrangement to define each cluster microphone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de localisation d'une source sonore comprend la transmission à un dispositif de traitement de signaux d'une pluralité de signaux représentant des impulsions sonores détectées par une pluralité de groupes de détecteurs comprenant chacun une pluralité de détecteurs sonores agencés selon une configuration prédéterminée. Les signaux sont traités afin de générer des données sur le moment et l'angle d'arrivée de chaque signal par rapport aux groupes respectifs de détecteurs. Des associations comparatives sont ensuite faites entre différentes parties des données afin d'identifier des ensembles de signaux provenant d'une même source sonore. L'invention concerne également un système de localisation sonore utilisé pour appliquer le procédé.
PCT/GB1986/000597 1985-10-05 1986-10-06 Procede et dispositif de localisation d'une source sonore WO1987002144A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8524634 1985-10-05
GB08524634A GB2181238A (en) 1985-10-05 1985-10-05 Automatically locating the position of a sound source

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1987002144A1 true WO1987002144A1 (fr) 1987-04-09

Family

ID=10586267

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1986/000597 WO1987002144A1 (fr) 1985-10-05 1986-10-06 Procede et dispositif de localisation d'une source sonore

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0240533A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2181238A (fr)
WO (1) WO1987002144A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1987005706A1 (fr) * 1986-03-12 1987-09-24 Ms Instruments Plc Appareil et procede de mesure de positions
US7162043B2 (en) 2000-10-02 2007-01-09 Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. Microphone array sound source location system with imaging overlay

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2251687A (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-07-15 Watersearch Limited Sonar apparatus
GB2304190B (en) * 1995-08-05 1999-09-29 Power Magnetics And Electronic Tracking system
DE102014017943A1 (de) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-09 Thyssenkrupp Ag System und ein Verfahren zur Identifizierung und Bekämpfung von Bedrohungen insbesondere in asymmetrischen Bedrohungslagen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2231013A1 (en) * 1973-05-22 1974-12-20 Tech Radioelect Electro Fs Identification of low flying aircraft by sound - involves eliminating doppler ambiguity by variable time sampling
EP0064477A1 (fr) * 1981-04-23 1982-11-10 Niklaus Loeliger Procédé et dispositif pour localiser des détonations
DE3116586A1 (de) * 1981-04-27 1984-03-08 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Verfahren zum ermitteln von geschuetzstandorten
DE3239240A1 (de) * 1981-04-27 1984-04-26 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Verfahren zum ermitteln von geschuetzstandorten

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1553251A (en) * 1976-05-20 1979-09-26 Ms Instr Ltd Position determining system
FR2504275A1 (fr) * 1981-04-15 1982-10-22 Thomson Csf Systeme de telemetrie passive
GB2105464B (en) * 1981-09-03 1985-08-14 Plessey Co Ltd Sound source location system
GB2115150B (en) * 1982-02-11 1985-06-26 Plessey Co Plc Sound source location system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2231013A1 (en) * 1973-05-22 1974-12-20 Tech Radioelect Electro Fs Identification of low flying aircraft by sound - involves eliminating doppler ambiguity by variable time sampling
EP0064477A1 (fr) * 1981-04-23 1982-11-10 Niklaus Loeliger Procédé et dispositif pour localiser des détonations
DE3116586A1 (de) * 1981-04-27 1984-03-08 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Verfahren zum ermitteln von geschuetzstandorten
DE3239240A1 (de) * 1981-04-27 1984-04-26 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Verfahren zum ermitteln von geschuetzstandorten

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1987005706A1 (fr) * 1986-03-12 1987-09-24 Ms Instruments Plc Appareil et procede de mesure de positions
US4885725A (en) * 1986-03-12 1989-12-05 MS Instruments public limited company Position measuring apparatus and method
US7162043B2 (en) 2000-10-02 2007-01-09 Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. Microphone array sound source location system with imaging overlay

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0240533A1 (fr) 1987-10-14
GB2181238A (en) 1987-04-15

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