Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
  • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
  • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
  • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
  • F24F1/0087—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units with humidification means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
  • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
  • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
  • F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
  • F24F1/0067—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers by the shape of the heat exchangers or of parts thereof, e.g. of their fins
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
  • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cooling of rooms or spaces, wherein a contact body is used, which body is made up from layers and divided into two systems of ducts, of which one duct system is passed by a useful air current (room air) which is to be cooled, and the other duct system is passed by a cooling air current which achie ⁇ ves the cooling of the firstmentioned air current.
• a contact body which body is made up from layers and divided into two systems of ducts, of which one duct system is passed by a useful air current (room air) which is to be cooled, and the other duct system is passed by a cooling air current which achie ⁇ ves the cooling of the firstmentioned air current.
• the ventilation system When in summertime intending to cool the room, the ventilation system must be arranged in another manner than when it is designed for ventilation only. In older buildings it is impossible to cool the intake air in an acceptable manner. In more modern systems of the balanced type such a result can be achieved by installing a refrigerating machine in addition to the central air conditioning system for the intake air. This is, however, not as simple to perform as it sounds, when one is compelled to blow in air having a lower temperature than that of the room in order to keep the temperature of the room on a desired level. It is impossible to blow in as cold air as possibly required, and normally its temperature is not allowed to be lower than 10-15 C, and then it becomes apparent that the quantity of ventilation air is not sufficient for carrying and delivering the required quantity of cooling medium.
• the first one is to install central cooling and to dimen- sion the quantities of intake air and exhaust air so as to be sufficient for carrying and delivering the chilliness (a duplication may be involved) and to insulate the intake air duct.
• Another possibility is to make use of an induction system, wherein a limited quantity of air is blown under high pressure into a so-called induction appara ⁇ tus, the same sucking up room air also, the mixture then passing a cooling radiator provided in the induc- tion apparatus.
• a third possibility is to install an individual cooling aggregate in each room. This involves that one has to place the condenser in contact with the outside air, whereas the cooling radiator is placed inside the room.
• the drawbacks inherent to all these possibilities are that the remodelling of the existing ventilation system or a new installation of the system becomes complicated, costly, often affects the appearance of the locality and results in disturbing noise from fans and compressors and involves an additional load on the electricity supply and, more energy is consumed for the drift of the refrigerating compressor.
• Another method of cooling a space is effected with so-called indirect, evaporative cooling, which implies that the exhaust air is caused at first to pass an evaporative cooler where it is cooled, and thereafter a rotating heat exchanger, within which the cooled exhaust air cools the entering intake air.
• indirect, evaporative cooling implies that the exhaust air is caused at first to pass an evaporative cooler where it is cooled, and thereafter a rotating heat exchanger, within which the cooled exhaust air cools the entering intake air.
• the main object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for cooling or conditioning of the intake air to a building or space, wherein the drawbacks inherent to the above described, known systems are eliminated.
• Another object is to provide such a method and appara ⁇ tus which is very simple and cheap to install and to operate.
• Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of an apparatus which is used for cooling a room in accordance with the invention.
• Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section along the line II-II through the apparatus of. Fig. 1.
• Pig. 3 shows the flow of the exhaust air in the apparatus of Fig. 1.
• Fig. 4 shows a view similar to Fig-- 3 through a modified embodiment.
• Pig. 5 shows a cross-section through the layer structure of the apparatus -according to the invention.
• Fig. 6 shows a plate or panel in the apparatus according to Fig. 1.
• the contact body 10 shown in Fig. 1 is used as an indirect, evaporative heat exchanger for heat exchange between a useful air flow, which flows substantially horizontally through the contact body and which shall be cooled and supplied to the inclined lower end wall surface 28 shown in Fig. 1. and constituting the inlet to a first duct system in the contact body, and which flows therethrough in the longitudinal direction along said ducts or gaps, which are separated from adjacent ducts or gaps in a second duct system passed through by a cooling air current.
• the contact body may be made up from, for example, a plurality of flat plates 11-15, which, as is evident from Fig. 5, are put together with interposed, flange ⁇ like stiffening and surface magnifying means, which in the illustrated embodiment are constituted by corrugated metal sheets or foils 16.
• the corrugations in the metal sheet or foil 16 constitute the ducts for the useful air which is to be cooled in the contact body, the corrugated sheets or foils 16 being oriented with their corrugations extending in the flow direction of the air.
• the corrugated foil or sheet 16 thus defines the width of the ducts or gaps in the contact body through which the useful air passes.
• the corrugations or folds of the sheet or foils 16 must be in good heat conductive contact with the surfaces of the flat plates 11-15. When there are several layers, the crests of the corrugations shall be positioned immediately opposite each other which increases the stability of the body and gives a shorter path for heat conduction.
• the plates 11-15 and sheets 16 are of a thin material with good heat conductivity such as metal, e.g. aluminum, and are joined together by heat bonding, gluing or other suitable jointing method. They may, for example, be made as sandwich elements which in themselves are shaped permanent. As will be seen from Fig. 5, a desired number of such elements are joined to e'ach other with an intermediate space determined by spacers 32 (Fig. 6) arranged between them. The spacers thus define the width of the gaps 18 in the second duct system in the contact body, through which the cooling air shall pass.
• the walls of the gaps 18 are wetted in known manner, for which purpose the surface of the plates or foils 11-15 facing the gaps 18 is provided with a coating denoted 20 of a water absorbing and/or soaking material.
• a coating denoted 20 of a water absorbing and/or soaking material During the passage of the cooling air through the gaps 18 there will be evaporation of water into the cooling air, so that an intensive transference of heat is obtained from the useful air in the first duct system to the cooling air in the ducts 18, thus reducing the temperature of the useful air to a low value.
• the walls are normally only kept moistened to the extent required for the evaporation.
• the gaps passed through by the cooling air can be made considerably narrower, due to the evaporative cooling effect, than the gaps passed through by the useful air, which in a simple way is rendered possible by the composed structure according to the invention, wherein the sandwich elements 11-15 and 16 and the gaps (spacers) 18 can be given any desired width (breadth) independently of each other. Due to the evaporative effect the required quantity of cooling air normally is also - minor than ' the quantity of useful air.
• the flanges of the stiffening means or corrugated sheets 16, included in the sandwich element 12-16 constitute a large heat transfer surface which is swept over by the passing useful air current.
• the intrinsically stiff panels are made from five flat plates or foils 11-15 with intermediate corrugated sheets or foils 16, but they may of course be made up of only two flat plates or foils 12, 14 with one intermediate sheet or foil 16 or still more flat plates (foils) and corrugated sheets in order to increase the width and/or stiffness of the panel and also the heat transfer surface.
• the structure with several layers has the advantage that the wet gap can be made wider and will become less sensitive to variations in the gap width. There will also be fewer panels to handle and the panels will be stronger.
• the described apparatus 10 is utilized in the following manner. It is install ⁇ ed in the space which is to be conditioned or cooled, and the room air already present is forced by means 5.
• a fan 22 which is shown in Fig. 1, to the inlet 28 into the first duct system with the ducts 16.
• the outlet from the cooling air ducts 18, which in Figs. 1, 3 and 6 are denoted 26, is connected to the exhaust air outlet of the space, usually a valve connected to the central exhaust system.
• the moist cooling air current which is a 0 part of the room air, is removed in this way from the space.
• Fig. 2 shows how the main part of the useful air current leaves the ducts 16 a cooled air to flow 5 out into the space, while a partial current is turned and enters the ducts 18 as the cooling air current as described.
• the plates 11-15 0 are preferably made rectangular, but at one vertical end, the left one in the figures, provided with a connection part preferably shaped as an unequal sided triangle, where the shorter side 26 constitutes the outlet from the second duct system 18 while the longer 5 side 28 constitutes the inlet to the duct system
• a sealing strip 30 is disposed between the plates 11-15 contiguous to the ducts 18, as is illustrated in Fig. 6.
• the spacers 32 which determine the width of the ducts 18. It is also evident that the sealing strip 30 forms a spacer too.
• the more or less dot- shaped spacers 32 may also be replaced by corrugat ⁇ ed strips at the upper and lower edges of the plate 12, 14 as well as the right hand end thereof. The corrugations in the strips then follow the respect- ive directions of water or the cooling air current.
• Fig. 3 denotes the cooling air current in a duct 18, wherefrom it becomes clear that the cooling air current flows from the right side of the body to ' the outlet 26.
• the other duct system includes ducts 18 extending over the entire surface of the sheet and which are not divided by intermediate walls or corrugations, it may happen that the cooling air current at its top has a tendency to deviate upwards where the ducts are open towards the water supply jets 24, such as indicated by the dashed line in Fig. 3. Different measures may be taken to reduce this deviation tendency, e.g. intermediate walls 34 can be arranged between the jets 24, as is shown in Fig. 4. From Fig. 3 it is also evident that the body at its bottom is provided with a collection trough 36 for excess water.
• this decreased amount of air has a reduced capacity for attracting energy from the air current in the ducts 16, which results in that the air current leaves the ducts 16 at an increased temperature.
• This raised temperature results in that the cooling air current also gets an increased temperature, which further reduces its capacity to attract energy. In this way the negative effects on cooling thus combine very deleteriously, and it is against this background it is so important to prevent the criticized bypassing.
• the drawbacks described in the introductory part as met in the conditioning of the air in ventilation systems having intake and exhaust air ducts, such as large a ⁇ r volumes, insulation of the ducts and increased consumption of energy, are avoided by incorporating the described apparatus, so that the room air is utilized for the useful and the cooling air currents.
• cooling three parts of the room air causing two parts to return as useful air and causing one part of the room air to escape as exhaust air
• the apparatus is to be connected to the exhaust air system in such a manner as to disturb the flow of the exhaust air system as slightly as possible when the apparatus is connected or disconnected. Most prefer ⁇ ably this should be done without using any throttle valves.
• the design according to Fig. 1 complies with this demand.
• the fan 22 When chilliness is not required, the fan 22 is stopped, the exhaust air system then attracting all air from the room via the openings to the ducts 18 on the right-hand side of the apparatus body. At the same time the supply of water to this second duct system 18 is stopped also. When the. fan runs it is instead the cooled air which is sucked in through the same openings.
• the pressure image is scarcely changed at all at the inlet to the wet ducts 18 irrespective of whether the fan is running or standing still. Further- more, it is possible to dimension the apparatus so that the fall of pressure on the wet side becomes low. When attaching it to an existing system, there will not be any appreciable disturbance of the exhaust air flow by the little excess of pressure fall introduced into the system.
• the described system is utilized suitably where there is not too moist in the room and in the climate outside the building.
• our Swedish climate the system will work in most cases of load, and there are large parts of the world outside Sweden where it is possible to solve the problem of air conditioning with this type of plant.
• By centrally drying the intake air it is possible to lower the moisture content in the interior of the room or space so that the cooling principle works. It is not necessary to change the quantity of intake air or to insulate some ducts, but only in one or other way to dry by means of cooling condensation with subsequent heating or with a sorption dryer.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning Room Units, And Self-Contained Units In General (AREA)
• Duct Arrangements (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=20361125

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (9)

Citations (2)

• 1985
  • 1985-08-16 SE SE8503855A patent/SE8503855L/sv not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1986
  • 1986-08-14 WO PCT/SE1986/000368 patent/WO1987001180A1/en unknown

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events