WO1986006524A1

WO1986006524A1 - Ruler for the rapid calculation of doses

Info

Publication number: WO1986006524A1
Application number: PCT/IT1986/000033
Authority: WO
Inventors: Carlo Maffei
Original assignee: Carlo Maffei
Priority date: 1985-04-19
Filing date: 1986-04-17
Publication date: 1986-11-06
Also published as: EP0221129A1

Abstract

In order to rapidly calculate the dose, particularly of food for a baby or an adult, and the dose of a drug for the treatment of a patient, a ruler according to the present invention is used which is comprised of a fixed sector (1) and a sector (2) sliding with respect to the fixed sector (1), wherein each sector (1, 2) presents two logarithmic scales of values of two parameters selected amongst the weight A, the specific quotient of the substance B in question, the relative coefficient B of the weight of the substance, the weighted or volumetric dose D, and wherein each scale of a sector (1, 2) is juxtaposed to a scale of the other sector. In order to enable, while simultaneously effecting a division and a multiplication, to verify the relation A/D x C = D and any relation reducible thereto.

Description

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The present invention relates to a rule for the rapid calculation of doses, in particular for dietetic and therapeutic uses.

It is known that for a rational diet, for the infant during his first months of life as for the adult whatever his age, it is advisable to regulate the potential energy, it is to di re calories contained in the food ingested by each isolated subject, and at the same time it becomes necessary to modify the quantity of the various food principles.

In the case of artificial feeding of the infant, the dose for each meal, with or g for ^this' regard respectively Lai t reconstituted and solid foods (powdered milk, biscuits, spoon llies of flour), must be calculated on the basis of different parameters, among which some (age, weight, alertness, energy quotient) relate to the subject and others (quality, caloric coefficient) relate to the food administered , and all must be correlated with the desired number of meals to be administered per day. This calculation turns out to be relatively long and laborious even for a pediatrician, so that it is often abandoned and the dose is prescribed with great approximation; and The person who has the ^"burden of feeding the child may not be able to replace the pediatrician to perform this AC lcul. Similarly, for the adult diet, the determination of the doses per meal of the various foods that make up any balanced diet, as well as the determination of the quantity of calories that return to each according to the ideal weight, age, sex and activity, requires a calculation which is absolutely neither simple nor rapid.

In the same way, it is possible to calculate the dose of any drug for which the therapeutic coefficient which is to be administered to a subject of any weight is known.

The main purpose of the present invention is to allow the aforementioned calculations as well as other similar calculations in a simple and rapid manner for everyone, expert or not.

This object ^* is achieved, in accordance with the invention, by using a rule comprising two sectors, one fixed and the other sliding relative to the first, each of the sectors being provided with two scales in logarit ic base on which two of the following parameters are reported: weight A, specific quotient of substance B, relative coefficient of weight C, dose D, on which it is possible to perform - division and multiplication, simultaneously, so as to verify the relation A / B x C = D and all the relations reducible to it.

The advantages obtained thanks to the invention essentially consist in the fact that i l. is .... possible to perform dose calculations very quickly and without having to remember any rules; that this is posible in a very simple way for anybody; that ¹ contribute to this by making clear entries of the different units of measurement to be used for the calculation; that a rule according to the invention has a pocket size, is of simple construction, involves a reduced cost and has a high reliability even after a long period of use.

The invention will be better understood in light of the description which follows, given with reference 0 to the appended drawings which illustrate several nonlimiting embodiments of the invention.

At drawings:

Figs. 1, 1A, 1B represent an overview of a rule according to the invention with the fixed sector which has two sections and with the scales predisposed to verify respectively the relationships A / B x C ≈ D, A: 1 / C x 1 / B = D and

(1 / A x C) x B - 1 / D;

- fig. 2, 2A., 2B represent an overview of a rule according to the invention with the fixed sector which has a section and with the scales of each sector arranged one in the extension of the other and predisposed for check respectively The relations A / B x C = D, 25 c / B x A = D and (A: 1 / C) x 1 / B = D;

- fig. 3, 3A, 3B represent rules for the calculations, respectively, of the weight dose of food, the caloric dose of food and the volumetric dose of milk

-50 reconstituted for an infant's meal;

- fig. 4 represents a plification of the rule of FIG. 3B;

- Fig. 4A represents a variant of the rule From fig. 4 for the calculation of the volu metric dose of breast milk;

- fig. 5 represents a rule for calculating the volume dose of reconstituted milk for an infant's meal, using various commercial milks;

- Fig. 5A represents a rule for calculating the weight dose of flour porridge for the meal of an infant, using various commercial products;

- fig. 6 represents a rule for calculating the weight dose of a food for the meal of an ^* adult and FIG. 6A represents a simplification of the rule of FIG. 6; - Fig. 7 represents a rule for calculating the caloric dose to be subtracted from the daily caloric ration in order to obtain a desired change and FIG. 7A represents a plification of the rule of FIG. 7; - Fig. 8 represents a simplified rule for calculating the weight dose of food and FIG. 8A shows a variant of the rule of FIG. 8;

- Fig. 9 shows a rule for the rapid calculation of the weight doses of several foods for the adult meal;

- Fig. 10 represents a rule for the rapid calculation of the caloric dose of any weight of food and vice versa; fig. 10A represents a simplification of the rule of - fig. 10; Fig. 10B shows a variant of the rule of FIG. 10 and fig. 10C represents a simplification of the rule of FIG. 10B; - fig. 11 represents a re _ ^* - ' ^• £> é btc & e cé? <CVL ^; the caloric dose consumed by an adult as a function of weight, activity, age and sex; and - Fig. 12 represents a rule for calculating the volumetric dose of a drug; fig. 12A shows a variant of the rule of FIG. 12; fig. 12B shows another variant of the rule of FIG. 12 and Fig. 12C shows a variant of the rule of FIG. 12B.

Sure. fig. 3 shows a rule according to the invention for the rapid calculation of the dose of food for the meal of an infant. On said rule, which is of the type illustrated in FIG. 1 The divisions of scale A represent the body weight (Kg) of the infant, the divisions of scale B represent the number of meals per day; the divisions of the scale C represent the age (month) of the infant and replace the values of the energy quotient (cal / Kg), it being understood that it is 120 at birth, 110 to 3 months, 105 to 6 months, 100 to 9 months and 95 to 12 months; the divisions of the scale D represent the doses (g) for a meal of the food which produces 5 cal / g. By moving the sliding element 2 of the rule with respect to the fixed element 1, the desired number of B is made to match the known value of A, thus, opposite The corresponding value of C , reads, in D, The dose of the meal. In fig. 3A shows a variant .... according to the invention of The rule of FIG. 3 for the rapid calculation of the caloric dose for the food of an infant's meal. On said rule, the divisions of the scale D represent the doses in call among which the value 100 corresponds to 9 (months) of the scale C.

In fig. 3B shows another variant according to the invention of the rule of FIG. 3, which is particularly useful for the rapid calculation of the caloric dose and of the grams ⁽ g) of food for the meal of an infant and of the dose. corresponding volumetric (that of milk reconstituted at 10% in water). Said rule results from the combination, that is to say from the superposition of two rules according to FIG. 2, and of which the one below includes the scales A (Kg), B (number of meals per day), C (energy quotient), D (cal / meal) and the one located above includes the scales A '( cal / meal), B '(calorific value), C' (1), D '(dose in g); under the scale D * there is an additional scale D "for converting the dose of g into that of milk reconstituted at 10% in water.

In fig. 4 is shown a rule for calculating the volumetric dose of reconstituted milk for an infant's meal. This rule, which is of the type illustrated in FIG. 2, provides on the fixed element 1 the scales B (cal for 10 ce of milk) and C ⁽ age in months) and on the sliding element 2 the scales A (of the body weight in kg) and D ⁽ of the dose in this per day): above the scale D are represented three additional scales D1, D2, D3 for the doses D ^* subdivided for 6, 5 and 4 meals per day respectively.

By moving the sliding element 2 relative the fixed element 1, the value of A is made to match that of B for the milk used, and thus, in correspondence with the known value of C, is read in D The dose in this of Milk per day: in plotting this value on the additional scales D1, D2, D3, the subdivided doses for 6, 5 and 4 meals per day are deduced.

In fig. 4A is shown a variant of the rule of FIG. 4 for calculating the dose of breast milk. This rule is provided with on the fixed element, at the top: the Logarithmic scales A (body weight in kg) and D (dose in this per day) with the additional scales D1, D2, D3, and below: the scale decimal Y (g of lipids in 100 cc of breast milk) with a decimal Z scale located below (cal in 10 cc of breast milk) whose values correspond

'at Y x 9.2: 10. On the sliding element 2 of The rule are represented, above: the ^* logarithmic scales B (cal in 10 cc of breast milk) and C (age in months), and below : the decimal scales B '(g of protein in 100 cc of breast milk) and B "(g of lactose in 100 cc of breast milk ^* ) By moving the sliding element 2 relative to the fixed element 1, we matches the value of B 'with that of Y, and thus, on Y, reads The known value of B "and on Z the corresponding value of the cal for 10 ce: we therefore make the value of A match the value of B = Z and ^"" we finally read on D the dose corresponding to C known. In fig. 5 is shown a rule for calculating the volumetric dose of reconstituted milk for an infant's meal, using various commercial milks. On said rule, on the fixed element 1, the scales A (weight in kg of the infant) and D (dose in this) are represented, and on the sliding element 2 are represented the scales: ^' 1 / C (energy quotient replaced by Age in months) and 1 / B (caloric power). By moving the sliding element 2 relative to the fixed element 1, we make the value of 1 / C match with that of A, and therefore we read on D The dose in this per day in correspondence of the known value of 1 / B for the preselected Milk brand.

In fig. 5A is shown a variant of the management of FIG. 5, Which is particularly suitable for calculating the weight dose of flour boui llie for the meal of an infant, using various commercial products. On said rule. The scales D and D 'are g per meal, respectively for 5 and 6 meals per day.

In fig. 6 is shown a rule for calculating the weight dose of any food particularly useful for controlling a balanced diet for the epas of an adult. On said rule, which is of the type illustrated in FIG. 1, are represented, on the fixed element 1, the scales: A (cal) and D (g), and on the sliding element 2, the scales: B (calorific coefficient) and C (% of food). By moving the sliding element 2. par. ~ Relative to the fixed element 1, the calorific coefficient B of the food considered is made to match the pre-established calories A, and therefore vis-à-vis the desired C value, Read D dose.

In fig. 6A is represented an i mp L ifi ca i on of the rule of Fig. 6. On said rule which is of the type illustrated in ^* fig.2, are represented, 5 on the fixed element 1: the scale AD (cal and dose in g) and on the sliding element 2 the scale BC (quotient caloric and arrow F of the result). By matching the calorie quotient (cal of 1 Kg of the food:% of the food) of the food

10 considered with the calories to be ingested, the dose D to be ingested is read in correspondence with the arrow F of the sliding element 2.

In fig. 7 shows a rule according to the invention for the rapid calculation of ,, the dose

15 calories to be removed from a daily calorie ration in order to obtain a certain weight loss. On said rule, which is of the type i glossy in FIG. 1, are represented: on the fixed element 1, the scales A (gd ¹

20 weight loss) and D (cal to subtract) and on the sliding element 2, the scales B (days of regime) and C (an arrow F in correspondence of D = 750 for B = 10 on A≈1000; being known that for a weight loss of 1 Kg it is necessary to remove

25,750 cal per day for 10 days).

. In fig.7A is shown a simplification of the rule in fig.7. On this rule, which is of the type illustrated in FIG. 2, is represented on the fixed element 1 the AD scale (for weight loss

30 and for Calories to be subtracted) and on the sliding element 2, the scale B (diet days) and the arrow F of result.

On Fig. 8 is shown a simplified rule for the calculation of the weight dose of food. This rule, which is of the type illustrated in FIG. 1, includes on the fixed element 1 the scales A (cal) and D (g) and on the sliding element 2. instead of the scale B, an arrow F to allow the values of A and the scale C to be divided by 100 (% of food: cal / g). By moving the sliding element 2 in relation to the fixed element 1, the arrow F is made to match the preselected value of A, and therefore opposite the preselected value of C. is read in D the dose in g.

In fig. 8A shows a variant of the rule of FIG. 8. particularly useful for calculating the volumetric dose of food.

On this rule, the divisions of the C scale represent the values of ^' % of food: cal / cc.

In fig. 9 shows a rule for calculating the weight doses of foods belonging to different groups. for the meal consisting of an adult, each food group having a predetermined percentage of presence in the meal.

On the said rule, which can be reduced to that illustrated in FIG. 2, is represented on the fixed element 1, the scale AD (cal and g), and on the sliding element 2 are represented on the scale BC an arrow F corresponding to a predetermined value, (for example 1000 total cal) and four arrows F1 „F2, F3, F4 in correspondence of the values 38, 114, 150 and 333 of as many groups .... of food (oil, flour, meat and fruit whose presence is expected in the proportions of 35%, 40%, 15% and 10% respectively. It is known that L * now the product 9 cal / g, the pasta 3.5 cal / g, the lamb meat 1 cal / g and The apricots 0.3 cal / g.

By moving the sliding element 2 relative to the fixed element 1 until the arrow F is placed on the preset value of A, we read on A, in correspondence with the arrows F1, F2, F3, F4 Weight doses corresponding food groups that make up the meal.

In fig. 10 is shown a rule for the rapid calculation of the caloric dose of any weight of food and vice versa. On this rule are represented, on the fixed element 1: the scales 1: D (weight in g of the food) and 1: C with an arrow F, and on the sliding element 2 are represented The scale B ( cal for 100 g of food) with The only divisions for the values for example of 10, 20, 100 and 900 correspond to as many defined foods which are chicory. Asparagus. Lamb, hui.Le and. scale A (cal). The arrow F is placed on the value 100 of A while the defined values of B agree with the values 1000, 500, 100 and 11 of 1: D. By moving the sliding element 2 relative to the fixed element 1, the element defined in B is made to match the preset value of 1: D, and therefore we read in A, opposite the arrow F, The dose caloric.

Conversely, by making a preselected value of A correspond with arrow F, we read on 1: D The weight dose of the food defined in B. In fig.10A is represented a simplification - of The rule in fig. 10. On this rule is represented on the fixed element 1 a single scale 1: AD (cal and g), and on the sliding element 2, is represented the scale B (caloric coefficient), with the only divisions corresponding to the defined foods, and the arrow F.

In fig. 10B is shown a variant of the rule of FIG. 10, which is particularly suitable for the rapid calculation of the weight doses of defined foods whose presence in the meal is variable at will in%. This rule, instead of arrow F, has the scale 1: C (% cal) and with division 100 in The position of arrow F in fig. 10. By moving the sliding element 2 with respect to the fixed element 1, the preselected value of 1: C is made to match the desired value of A. and therefore the weight dose of the foods defined in 1 is read: B.

In fig.10C is shown an amplification of the ruler in fig. 10B. On this rule, the scale 1: AD of the fixed element 1 represents the weight dose and the caloric dose, and the sliding element 2 is provided, on the external side, with the scale C (% of presence of food ) and on the internal side of the B scale (calorific value) of the defined elements.

By moving the sliding element 2 with respect to the fixed element 1, the preselected value of C is matched with the preset value of

1: AD, and therefore we read on 1: AD The weight dose corresponds to the different foods defined in B.

In fig. A rule is shown for the rapid calculation of the caloric dose (average ^"" consumption per day) as a function of weight and activity. of age and sex. On the said rule are represented - on the fixed element 1 - below - scale 1: A (consumption cal), and 1: A '(ideal weight in kg) for women, and - above - the corresponding scales 1: D and 1: D' for men; on L ' sliding element 2 are represented - below - The scales 1: B (energy quotient replaced by Age in years) and 1: B '(activity quotient. whose Arrows f1, f2, f3, f4, f5 correspond respectively very sedentary, sedentary, normal, tiring, very tiring activities); and - above - are represented the corresponding scales 1: C (age) and 1: C '(different activities) for men. By moving the sliding element 2 with respect to the fixed element 1, the arrow of the activity defined in 1: B ', 1: C' is made to match the ideal weight 1: A ', 1: 0'; we therefore read on 1: A, 1: D in front of the values of 1: B, 1: C the value of the caloric consumption dose of the woman and the man - respect i vely. In fig. 12 is shown a rule for the rapid calculation of the volumetric dose of a drug. On this rule are represented, on the fixed element 1 the. scales: body weight A (Kg) and dose D (cc or tablets per day) and on sliding element 2 are represented the scales: therapeutic power B (mg per this or tablet) and therapeutic dose (mg per Kg); The scales B, C of the sliding element 2 being juxtaposed with those A, D of the fixed element. By moving the sliding element 2 relative ^• to the fixed-'élément 1, are brought into line the known value of B with the known value of A, and therefore one bed on D dose corresponding to the known value Dec .

In fig. 12A is shown a variant of

The rule in fig. 12. On this rule - The scales of the sliding element 2 are 1: B and 1: C. The use is the same as that in fig. 12.

In fig. 12B shows another variant of the rule of FIG. 12. On this rule, is represented on the fixed element 1 a single scale AD for the weight (Kg) of the subject and for the dose (g) of the drug, and on the sliding element

2 is represented the scale B of the therapeutic quotient (mg in a tablet: mag / Kg per day).

By matching the known value of B with that known of AD, we read in AD, opposite the value 1 of B, the dose of the drug in this or in tablets.

In fig. 12C is shown a variant of the rule of FIG. 12B. On this rule, the fixed element 1 carries on the scale B, in place of the therapeutic quotient, the therapeutic coefficient (dose / kg per day: dose in 1 ce or tablet). By matching the arrow F with the known weight of -AD, we read on AD, the dose corresponding to the known therapeutic coefficient.

Claims

R E V E N D I C T I O N S

1) Rule for the rapid calculation of doses, in particular for dietetic and therapeutic uses, comprising two sectors ⁽ 1,2), one fixed (1) and the other (2) sliding relative to the first, characterized in that that each sector (1,2) carries two scales on a logarithmic basis for the values of two of the parameters: weight A, specific quotient of substance B, relative coefficient B of weight, dose D, each scale of a sector being juxtaposed, on a scale of the other sector to allow, by simultaneously performing a division and a multiplication, to verify the relation A / B x C = D and any relation reducible to this l Le-ci. 2) Rule according to claim 1) - ca acted in that the fixed sector (1) has two sections with the sliding sector (2) interposed, and in that the fixed sector (1) carries the scales AD and the sliding sector (2) carries the scales B, C, the scales A, B and C, D being respectively tapped together,

3 ⁾ Rule according to claim 1), characterized in that the fixed sector (1) has a section and carries the ladders A, D arranged one in the extension of the other- and in that the sliding sector (2 ) carries the scales B, C arranged one in the extension of the other, the scales A, B and C, D being respectively juxtaposed.

4 ⁾ Rule according to claims 1) and 2) .- characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries the 5) Rule according to claim 4), characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries the scale D of the dose in cal per meal.

6) Rule according to claims 1), 2) and 3), characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries the scales: body weight A in Kg, caloric dose D per meal, caloric power of 100 g of food B 'with an arrow (F) on the value 100 and in that the sliding sector (2) carries the scales: meals per day B which replace The specific quotient of the substance, of the energy quotient C, of the calories by meal A 'and dose D' in g. and ^'that, below the scale D', is an additional scale D "of this 10% of reconstituted milk.

7) Rule according to claims 1) and 2). characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries the scales: cal A which replace the weight and the weight or volumetric dose D of the food in g or that, and in that the sliding sector (2) carries the scale of% of the food: cal / g or cal / ce C and, in place of Scale B, an arrow (F) opposite the value 100 of A.

8) Rule according to claims 1) and 2), characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries the scale of body weight A in kg and the scale of the dose D in that of reconstituted milk or g of boiled milk flour, and in that the sliding sector (2) carries the scale 1: C of the age in months which replaces the specific quotient of the substance ^**** and that of the calorific value 1: B of different milks in powder or other commercial products.

9 ⁾ Rule according to claims 1) and 2), characterized in that the fixed sector ⁽ 1) carries the scale A of cal which replace the weight and the scale of the dose D in g of food, and in that the sliding sector (2) carries the scale of energy coefficient B of the food and the% scale of the food C.

10) Rule according to claims 1), 3) and 9) characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries a single scale AD for calories and for doses in g, and in that the sliding sector (2) carries a single calorie quotient B scale with a result arrow (F).

11) Rule according to claims 1) and 2). characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries the slimming scale in g A and the caloric dose scale D to be removed from the daily diet, and in that the sliding sector (2) carries the scale of B diet days which. replace the specific quotient of the substance and an arrow (F) opposite the value 750 of D.

12) Rule according to claims 1), 3) and 11), characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries a single scale AD for weight loss in g and for the dose of calories to be subtracted, and in that the sliding sector (2) carries a single scale of B regime days which replace the specific quotient of the substance with an arrow (F) opposite the value 750 of AD.

13) Rule according to claims 1) and 2), characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries the scale 1: D of the weight in g of the food, and an arrow (F) opposite the value 100 of 1: C, and in that the sliding sector (2) carries the ladder the calorific coefficient B of a plurality of defined foods and the calorie scale A.

14) Rule according to * claim 13), ca racteri sed in that the fixed sector (1) carries, in place of said arrow (F), a scale of the caloric% 1: C of the food with the value 100 opposite the 100 of the AD scale.

15) Rule according to rev.endi cati ons 1). 3) and 13) - characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries a single scale 1: AD for the calories which replace the weight and for the dose in g of the food, and in that the sliding sector (2 ) carries a single scale for the caloric coefficient B of the food, the divisions of which correspond to as many defined foods, and an arrow (F) opposite the 100 of 1: AD.

16) Rule according to claim 15), characterized in that the sliding sector (2) carries a scale of the% of presence of the defined foods C with the value 100 opposite 100 of 1 of AD.

17) Rule according to claims 1) and 2). characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries the scale of body weight A and of the dose of the drug D in this or in tablets per day, and in that the sliding sector (2) carries the scale of therapeutic power B and the therapeutic dose scale C.

18) Rule according to claim 17), ca racteri s ée in that the sliding sector (2) carries - instead of scales B, C - reverse scales ari thmetic 1: C, 1: B.

19 ⁾ Rule according to claims 1) and 3). characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries a single AD scale for body weight in kg and for the dose in g of the drug, and in that the sliding sector (2) carries a single therapeutic quotient B scale with an arrow (F) on the value 1.

20) Rule according to claim 19), characterized in that the sliding sector (2) carries a single scale of the therapeutic coefficient B.

21) Rule according to claims 1) and 3). characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries the scales: of the body weight A and of the dose of milk in this per day D. and in that the sliding sector (2) carries the scales: calories for 10 ce of milk B and Age in months C which replace the relative weight coefficient.

22) Set according to Claim 21), char ac te r See in that the fixed sector (1) carries, above the ¹ D scale, other scales D1-D3 for subdividing The dose D 6, 5 and 4 meals respectively.

23) Rule according to Claims 21) and 22), characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries, at the bottom, a decimal scale of lipids Y and a decimal scale located below Z calories for 10 cc of breast milk , whose value 9.2: 10 agrees with Le 10 of Y, and in that the sliding sector (2) carries - downwards - a decimal scale B '-B "of proteins and lactose.

24 ⁾ Rule according to claims 1) and 3), characterized in that the fixed sector (1) carries "^' a single scale AD for the calories which replace the relative coefficient of the weight and for the dose in g of the food, and in that the sector slide (2) has an arrow (F) for calories. and others (F1-F4) for corresponding defined groups of foods present in predetermined proportions. 25) Rule according to claims 1) and 3). characterized in that the fixed section (1) carries, in a section - the scale: scales per day 1: A and of the ideal weight 1: A 'for women- and in L "other section, the scales: cal per day 1: D and of ideal weight 1: D 'for men, and in that The sliding sector (2) carries, on a side of the scales of age 1: B and of activity exercised 1 : For women, and on the other side, the age 1: C and Activity 1: C 'scales for Men.