Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23D65/00—Making tools for sawing machines or sawing devices for use in cutting any kind of material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23C—MILLING
  • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
  • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
  • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
  • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23D61/00—Tools for sawing machines or sawing devices; Clamping devices for these tools
  • B23D61/02—Circular saw blades
  • B23D61/04—Circular saw blades with inserted saw teeth, i.e. the teeth being individually inserted
  • B23D61/06—Circular saw blades with inserted saw teeth, i.e. the teeth being individually inserted in exchangeable arrangement

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an insertable tooth assembly, particularly adapted for circular saws and similar rotary cutting tools, which may be easily and rapidly replaced if dulled or damaged.
• the circular saw for cutting wood or other materials is tech- nologically a far more sophisticated device than its outward appearance would suggest.
• the saw normally consists of a centrally apertured round metal plate usually provided with gullets and sharp teeth spaced around the periphery.
• the gullets provide a volume for accumulating and clearing sawdust produced by the teeth as they pass through the material being cut.
• Many versions of circular saws exist since they are used in many applica-. tions for cutting materials varying widely in characteristics.
• a typical circular saw will have alternating teeth designed to remove material from the left and right-hand sides of the cut being made. Only a small portion of a tooth is involved in making a cut.
• Inserted teeth are locked into the periphery of the sawplate by a number of differing arrangements. They are normally made of hardened steels, although cemented carbides are also occasionally employed. Alternatively, hard teeth may be brazed to appropriate locations on the perimeter of the saw, or to the tips of inserted teeth. Brazed teeth are almost universally cemented carbides since brazing temperatures normally lower the hardness of steels. It is common practice for both inserted teeth and brazed teeth to be sharpened in place on the sawplate.
• inserted teeth may be removed and sharpened seperately. This is not normally done except when tooth replacement is necessary since the locking mechanisms tend to be relatively complex and are often riveted or se i-permanently fixed into position.
• the rear surface of the head has protruding nibs that engage corresponding notches in the socket in order to ensure proper orientation and prevent rotation.
• the shank of the Raney tooth has a ridge which engages a longitudinal slot formed in the socket to serve the same function.
• Wright also shows versions of his structure which can be used on round or band saws.
• the socket that holds the tooth is formed in a bent strip of sheet metal which, in turn, is permanently riveted to the sawplate.
• the inventor notes that this tooth holder may be bifurcated to straddle the saw blade. He further shows a tooth shank having a converging taper away from the head portion.
• Another inserted tooth for circular saws is shown in U.S. Patent No. 2,994,350 (Lundberg).
• a strap is riveted to the outer perimeter of one of the buttresses or "tooth roots” so as to form a socket structure.
• the shank portion of an insertable tooth is then pressed into the socket where it is held by a spring mechanism.
• the tooth abuts against a shoulder on the buttress which helps to retain it in position when subjected to operating stresses.
• the teeth of Wright and Lundberg are used on circular saws with the axis of the shank portion lying generally tangent to the circumference of the saw. Radially inserted teeth are shown in the similar U.S. Patent Nos. 579,383 (Coyle) and 912,774 (Aupperle et al.). In both of these a locking strap is formed around the buttress between gullets. The strap is retained by one or more locking structures on the gullet. In turn, the tooth is inserted essentially radially along the leading edge of the gullet where it is held by the strap. A number of interlocking elements retain the integrity of the arrangement. However, the teeth cannot be readily removed without prying open and potentially destroying the retaining strap.
• the present invention comprises an improved saw or similar rotary cutting tool and the method for its manufacture.
• the invention further comprises a novel sawplate, replaceable teeth and clevis-like device for attaching the teeth or cutting elements to the sawplate.
• the combination of a tooth and a clevis is conveniently referred to as a tooth assembly. It comprises two portions.
• the first is an inverted, generally U-shaped clevis or saddle having an upper or socket defining portion and two side or arm portions.
• the side portions of the clevis are spaced apart so as to fit snugly over the circumferential edge of a sawplate.
• "Snug" can be generally defined as being positionable on the sawplate with very light force or by hand but without undue play or looseness.
• the clevis is sized so that the upper portion will extend outwardly from the sawplate edge or 'periphery.
• the space so defined between the upper portion and sawplate becomes a tooth-retaining socket.
• the side portions of the clevises are apertured to accept at least one pin for attachment to the sawplate.
• the side portion apertures and any attaching pins are sized so that the pin can generally be inserted by hand, or with simple driving tools. In the most preferred embodiment only a single pin will be used.
• the clevis must also have associated with it some means to prevent any tendency to rearward rotation when it is installed on the sawplate. This means maybe a second pin, but it is more preferably a reinforcing strap or buttress of some sort which will bear against the sawplate.
• An insertable tooth completes the assembly.
• This tooth has a head portion with at least one cutting edge, normally two, and an elongated tapered shank.
• the lower sawplate contacting surface of the shank is normally planar in configuration while the upper surface is sufficiently rearwardly tapered with respect to the lower surface to form a self- releasing taper.
• This taper should be greater than 3° arid will generally be within the range of 3°-20°, preferably about 3°-10°, and most preferably about 5°, as measured between the bottom surface and a- longitudinal centerline lying on the upper surface. Stated in other words, the top to bottom taper is measured in side profile.
• the sides of the shank are tapered with regard to each other to form a self -locking taper.
• the shank is adapted for insertion into the socket formed between the upper portion of the clevis and the sawplate.
• the clevis is forced radially outward against the attaching pin and the assembly is then tightly locked until such time as the tooth is driven out for sharpening or replacement.
• the tooth assembly is readily adapted for use either on sawplates with gullets or on plates lacking gullets. Normally it will be used on a gulleted plate.
• the buttress for the prevention of rearward rotation of the clevis during use can be located in a number of positions. In one case, it may be a reinforcing strap formed between or across the leading edges of the side portions of the clevis. Here it can readily engage the leading edge of a gullet or it can fit into an appropriately located notch in the periphery of the sawplate.
• the buttress can also be formed at a corresponding location at the trailing edges of the side portions of a clevis where it is adapted to fit within a notch formed in the periphery of the sawplate.
• the buttress is formed across the trailing edge of the upper portion of the clevis where it abuts against the circumferential edge of the sawplate.
• the sawplates usable with the invention are centrally apertured to receive a saw arbor and, for most versions of the saw, have a series of gullets, which may or may not be equiangularaly spaced, located around the periphery.
• the gullets define upstanding shoulders located between adjacent gullets. Each shoulder is apertured normal to the face of the sawplate to receive a pin for retaining a tooth assembly. In some versions of the saw gullets are not necessary.
• Figure 2 is an edge view of the same saw, shown along line 2-2 of the previous figure.
• Figures 3 and 4 are side elevations and edge views respectively of a second type of inserted tooth.
• Figure 5 is a fragmentary side elevation showing the tooth assembly of the present invention mounted on a gulleted circular saw.
• Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view of one version of the present tooth assembly.
• Figure 7 is a partially cut away side elevation showing the clevis in place on the sawplate before insertion of the tooth.
• Figure 7A is a top plan view of a tooth.
• Figure 8 is a perspective view of the completed assembly.
• Figure 9 is an end-on view of one installed tooth assembly seen along line 9-9 of Figure 5.
• Figures 10 and 11 show variations in strap-type buttresses to prevent clevis rotation.
• Figure 12 shows how a damaged sawplate can be repaired and reused with the present tooth assembly.
• Figures 13-15 are edge views of three different ways in which the tooth head portion can be ground.
• Figure 16 shows a shim useful in association with a tooth in the event that a clevis becomes stretched.
• Figure 17 shows a tooth having a dimpled face for ease of mounting.
• Figures 18-20 show cross-sectional views of different versions of the tooth shank designed to prevent sideways rotation from operating forces.
• Figure 21 is an example of an ungulleted sawplate useful with the present tooth assembly.
• Figures 22-24 show three variations of the clevis having different sawplate engaging buttresses for prevention of clevis rotation.
• Figures 25-26 show different versions of the clevis utilizing two pins for attachment to the sawplate.
• Figures 27 and 28 are sawplate variations suitable for the present invention.
• Figure 29 is an alternative and most preferred from of clevis.
• Figures 30 and 31 show how the clevis of Figure 29 can reduce or prevent throwing of cutoff end pieces.
• saw While the description of the invention to this point has been directed to circular saws for wood, the invention should be considered in broader terms as it is expected to find many applications in other rotary machining tools.
• saw as used here is exemplary and should be construed to include such other metal and woodworking tools as milling machine cutters, planers, routers, shapers, etc.
• FIG. 1 An example of one type of replaceable tooth currently in use in large cut-off saws is shown in Figures 1 and 2.
• a portion of the circular saw 2 consists of a round sawplate 4 which is notched around its periphery to receive inserted teeth 6, 8.
• Each of the teeth will have a ' brazed on right or left hand cutting element 10, 12.
• the teeth are machined with V-shaped grooves 18, 20 along each edge. These engage corresponding ridges machined in the sides of the slots in the sawplate. Rivets 14, 16 hold the teeth in place to prevent their flying out from centrifugal force encountered during operation. The need for rivets makes this a semi-permanent type of construction and the teeth are not normally removed for sharpening.
• This tooth is also an excellent example of a type which acts as a wedge into the tensioned outer perimeter of the sawplate. Peening the rivets 14, 16 when the teeth are installed tends to further create compressive forces acting to neutralize the tension which has been previously built into this portion of the sawplate. During the useful lifetime of the saw, it is frequently necessary to retighten the rivets since they are loosened by forces which tend to twist the teeth during use in the directions shown by the arrows Figure 2.
• a section of a circular saw 22 consists of a sawplate 24 into which equiangular ly spaced gullets 25 have been punched around the periphery, leaving upstanding shoulders 26 between the gullets. Each of the gullets has a leading edge 28 and a trailing edge 30. Cup-shaped teeth 32 having threaded shank 34 are held in the outer end of shoulders 26 by a retaining nut 36.
• This construction is admirable for its simplicity and ease of maintenance and it does not adversely affect the tensioning in the sawplate.
• the holes which must be drilled in the ends of the shoulders are difficult to make with the required precision and create a weak area readily subject to breakage.
• a large circular cut-off saw 40 consists of a sawplate 42 having punched gullets 44 around its periphery. The gullets possess a leading edge 45 and trailing edge 46. Shoulders 47 are defined by the peripheral portions of the sawplate lying between adjacent gullets. Each shoulder has a top surface 48 formed from the original circumferential edge of the sawplate.
• a tooth assembly 50 is attached adjacent to the leading edge of each shoulder. The tooth assembly comprises a clevis, generally shown at 52, and an inserted tooth 54. This assembly is attached to the sawplate by a pin 56. Buttress strap 58, made integrally with the clevis, bears against the leading edge of the gullet to prevent any tendency to rearward rotation of the clevis due to stresses encountered during operation.
• Each clevis consists of two mirror image side or arm portions 60, having leading edges 62 and an upper socket defining portion 64.
• the inside faces of the side portions are generally planar and parallel to each other.
• the sides are apertured at 57 to correspond to a similar aperture 59 located near the periphery of the sawplate within the angle defined by the circumferential edge of the plate and the leading edge of a gullet. These apertures are aligned to accept a pin 56 which attaches the clevis to the sawplate shoulder.
• the clevis should be sized so that the arms or side portions will slide easily over the sawplate by hand pressure without being unduly loose or sloppy.
• the pin generally should be readily insertible by hand or by one or two light hammer taps.
• the attachment of the clevis to the sawplate without the need for tools is one of the key features of the present invention.
• the clevises are preferably investment cast of a hard, high tensile strength steel. Types 4130 or 4140 steel heat treated to 40-45 Rockwell C hardness have proved very satisfactory. While this will vary with the particular configuration of a clevis, the buttress strap should normally have a thickness about 150-300% greater than the sidewalls. A large percentage of the dynamic load on the clevis is carried by the buttress strap.
• the pins used to attach the clevis to the sawplate are of relatively soft material. These should normally have a tensile strength that does not exceed about 1.10 MPa and Rockwell C hardness less than 38. The ends of the pins should be chamfered and not extend significantly beyond the clevis to avoid formation of burred heads that could make them difficult to remove. There are two reasons why relatively soft pin material is desirable. In the case of extreme operating stresses against the tooth assemblies, the pins can shear and prevent serious sawplate damage which might otherwise occur.
• the softer pins can conform to slight dimensional irregularities in the clevis and sawplate aperatures.
• the pin location is placed in the clevis sides and sawplate so that the upper portion 64 of the clevis extends beyond the sawplate perimeter 48 so as to define a socket 65 to retain the shank 66 of an inserted tooth.
• the teeth as seen in Figures 6 and 7, have a head portion 54 and a shank portion 66.
• the tooth shank 66 is lightly driven into socket 65.
• the small amount of top-to-bottom rearward taper on the shank acts as a wedge which forces the clevis radially outward so that the lower edge of aperture 57 bears tightly against pin 56.
• the upper portion 64 of the clevis is formed into an arch shape to which the tooth shank 66 will conform.
• the upper portion of the arch should preferably have the configuration of a segment of a circle. This arch shape will prevent turning or twisting of the tooth so that proper alignment of the cutting edges is always maintained.
• the upper portion of the clevis is tapered rearwardly at a small angle, usually in the neighborhood of about 5°.
• the upper surface of the tooth shank may be formed at the same taper or at a very slightly greater angle to ensure a tight wedging action between the upper portion of the clevis and the circumferential edge of the sawplate.
• the sides of the tooth shank are also tapered rearwardly but at a smaller angle, preferably about l/6°-l/2° (10'-30'), as seen in Figure 7A. -
• a longitudinal centerline along the inside surface of the clevis upper portion will typically make an acute angle falling between about 80° and 87° with the leading edges of the side portions. This angle will closely approximate the complement of the tooth shank taper angle.
• the clevises will be usable on any gulleted saw having a positive hook angle up to 5°.
• the angle between the inside face of the buttress strap and the longitudinal centerline along the clevis upper portion longitudinal centerline may conveniently be 90°.
• the taper formed between the lower and upper surfaces of the tooth shank, and the corresponding taper of the upper portion of the clevis, is present primarily to induce a wedging action under the clevis.
• This taper is one that should be in the so-called self -releasing range, i.e., greater than 3°, preferably between about 3° and 10° and most preferably about 5°.
• the sides of the shank are formed at a lesser angle to form a self-locking taper. This will be in the range of 0°-2.5° and preferably about 10'-30' of angle. Parts joined by tapers in this range are frictionally bonded and cannot be readily separated without driving or wedging the parts.
• the familiar Morse tapers used for tool shanks; e.g., large drill bits, are examples of self -locking tapers.
• the buttress portion 58' is extended the full length of the leading edges 62 of the side portions of the clevis.
• a construction of this type may be useful in assisting with sawdust removal and in prevention of sawdust particles from moving backward along the sides of the clevis and the teeth. It is not always necessary for the buttress strap to be welded as long as it is in some way integrally formed with the clevis.
• Figure 11 shows another construction in which the buttress strap 58" is formed by a pair of ears which are bent inwardly from the edge of the clevis.
• the clevises can be manufactured by any of a number of conventional methods; i.e., by stamping, machining, or investment casting, the last being a presently preferred method.
• the tooth face' can be ground to any mechanically practical configuration and need not be limited to the surface of a cylinder, as is shown in Figures 14 and 15. For some applications a spherical grind, similar to that used in the teeth of Figures 3 and 4, might be preferable.
• a major advantage of the present invention is that the inten ⁇ tionally built in stresses in the sawplate, normally referred to as tension, are unaffected during sharpening or retoothing. This reduces the cost of reconditioning, extends sawplate life, and greatly reduces or entirely eliminates the need for highly skilled labor for saw maintenance.
• the head portion 54 of a tooth should not be in contact with a clevis. If after long periods of use the clevises should stretch slightly, it might be necessary to use a shim to ensure a tight fit of the tooth shank in the socket formed between the clevis upper portion and the sawplate edge. Preferably this shim is not placed adjacent to the sawplate edge since this will radially displace the tooth outwards. This would be undesirable because the tooth tip would be raised above the cutting circle of the other teeth and subject to accelerated dulling.
• a shim of the type shown in Figure 16 is preferable.
• shim 88 consists of an arched portion 90 which slips over the top of the tooth shank. This may have an integrally formed rear portion 92 which is engaged by the back of the shank so that the shim is readily carried into the socket when the tooth is inserted under the clevis.
• the saw filer or artisan making or maintaining the saw using the present tooth assembly will normally use a soft metal block against the face of the tooth to prevent damage while it is driven into the socket.
• the angled face of the tooth may cause some difficulty during this operation so that a light hammer blow is not directed axially along the shank.
• This problem can be overcome as shown in Figure 17 by the creation of a small dimple 104 in face 76 of the tooth. This dimple is located along a projection of the longitudinal axis of the shank portion. The tooth can then be readily inserted by putting a small punch in the dimple where it is prevented from sliding across the face of the tooth when a hammer blow is applied.
• the tooth assemblies useful with the present invention can be made of many materials. In a preferred form, they are investment cast from hard tool steels. Teeth of this type are almost as durable as those made from cemented carbides, but are much less expensive and can be more easily sharpened without the need for the use of diamond tools. Very satisfactory teeth have been produced from type S-7 tool steel with a 44 Rockwell C hardness.
• the teeth in saws having right and left hand cutters are subject to twisting forces during a cut. Looking at the saw shown in Figure 2 as an example, tooth 10 is subject to forces which tend to rotate it in a counterclockwise direction while tooth 12 is subject to forces tending to rotate it in a clockwise direction.
• FIGS. 18-20 Constructions to resist rotational forces is shown in Figures 18-20.
• the tooth shown in Figure 18 has been described previously.
• the sawplate contacting surface of tooth shank 66 is essentially planar.
• sawplate 45 has a V-groove 98 machined in its periphery. This is engaged by a corresponding V-shaped ridge 100 provided on the sawplate contacting surface of the tooth shank.
• the sawplate contacting surface of the tooth shank may be provided with small sharpened serrations 102. These will simply bite into the sawplate edge when the tooth is inserted to effectively resist any rotational forces.
• experience to date has shown that these additional measures to resist rotation are not normally necessary.
• Figures 21-24 show several versions of the new tooth assembly useful for saws lacking gullets.
• a sawplate 110 is punched with edge notches 112 and appropriately located apertures 114 to correspond to the apertures in the sides of the clevises.
• the tooth assemblies described to date are eminently satisafactory for use on a saw of this type.
• the buttress strap 58 attached to the leading edges of the clevises securely engages notch 112 to effectively lock the clevis assembly against rearward rotation.
• the construction shown in Figure 23 is equally effective.
• the clevis, generally shown at 152 has side or arm portions 160 with leading edges 162, trailing edges 163, and an upper portion 164.
• the buttress strap, 58 is formed integrally with the trailing edges so as to engage notches, 112, formed in the peripheral edge of the sawplate.
• FIG. 24 A further variation is illustrated in Figure 24.
• the clevis generally shown at 172 has arm portions 160 with leading edges 162, trailing edges 163, and upper portion 164 similar to the version just described.
• the buttress strap 178 is not located on the arm portions, but across the rear or trailing end of the upper portion where it can bear against sawplate edge 116 to prevent rearward rotation of the clevis assembly. While a single pin in the presently preferred mode of attachment of the tooth assembly to the sawplate, multiple pins may also be advantageous under some circumstances. Examples are shown in Figures 25 and 26 of constructions of this type.
• FIG. 25 employs a sawplate 180 supplied with gullets having leading edges 182.
• a clevis generally shown at 184, has arm portions 186, an optional buttress strap 188, and has been apertured to receive locking pins 190, 192.
• sawplate 200 having gullets with leading edges 202, is supplied with clevises 204, having arm portions 206 with appropriately located apertures to receive pins 210, 212.
• This clevis has also been supplied with an optional rotation preventing buttress 208.
• FIGS. 27 and 28 show further alternative constructions of sawplates. Normally a saw is configured so that it can only be run in one direction. The arrangement of Figure 27 allows the saw to be set up to run in either direction.
• the gullets 224 on sawplate 220 are formed to create shoulders 222. The shoulders are punched or drilled to provide clevis mounting holes 226, 228 which are radially equidistant from the center of the sawplate. Gullets 224 need not be symmetrical about a radius of the sawplate. An asymmetrical gullet would enable the saw to be set up with different hook angles on the gullet leading edges, if desired. This arrangement is also useful if damage has occurred to the leading edge of a gullet.
• Figure 28 shows the use of an angled slot for mounting the clevis.
• Gullets 234 are formed in sawplate 230 to create shoulders 232.
• Slots 236 are formed in the trailing edge of the shoulders. These are angled upward to form pin retaining apertures 238. This configuration would permit the pin to be formed integrally with the clevis.
• Clevis 240 has an arch shaped upper or socket portion 242 which bridges the upper edges of the mirror image configured arm or side members 244.
• Aperture 246 is located in the side members so that the clevis can be pinned to a sawplate with the upper socket defining portion extending sufficiently beyond the sawplate periphery to form a tooth shank retaining socket.
• a reinforcing buttress strap 248 bridges the leading edges of the side portions. In some instances it is desirable to extend strap 248 all the way to the bottom of the leading edges of the side portions. A buttress strap made in this fashion has less tendency to roll forward and cause binding when teeth are removed for sharpening or replacement.
• the socket defining portion 242 of the leading edges must remain unbridged to permit entry of the tooth shank. It is most desirable that the strap 248 be chamfered along the portions adjoining the side leading edges to create angled edges 250, 252 and an outside face 253. Face 253 should not be wider than the spacing between the arm portions 244 and may be narrower. It would be considered a fully equivalent structure to the outside face if chamfers 250, 252 were to intersect along a medial centerline. The reasons for the desirability of this chamfer will be explained in conjunction with the descriptions of Figures 30 and 31. It is also desirable that the lower end of the side portions be similarly chamfered. This chamfer may be continued around the trailing edges of the sides and across the socket defining portion, as shown at 254. A suitable chamfer angle is 30° with reference to the sides, but this is not critical.
• the reinforcing strap chamfer is conveniently formed beginning along the projected leading edge of the side portions.
• the chamfer for the lower ends and trailing edges of the side portions will normally extend across the full thickness of the side walls.
• the term chamfer is not used here to indicate a mere easing of a sharp edge.
• the chamferd areas will have a face that is greater in width than the thickness of the wall portion associated with it. Generally the width of the chamfer face will be about 1.4 to 2 times the thickness of the associated wall portion.
• Figures 30 and 31 show why the chamfered edges are important.
• the present invention is frequently used for large diameter saws. Many of these are trim or cutoff saws that may be 1.5-1.8 m in diameter, or even larger. In this service they may often be used for squaring-up log ends. This frequently involves taking off rather thin slices, often only 5-10 cm long.
• a cutoff saw is normally installed to swing through a cut and then withdraw through the same cut. Occasionally a cut off end, or lily pad as it is often called, will fall against the withdrawing sawblade. If the edge of the end piece slips into the saw so that it drops into a gullet it can be thrown with great force. This situation obviously presents a serious safety hazard for nearby workers.
• Figure 30 illustrates this situation where a trimmed end piece 264 has fallen into gullet 262 of a conventional sawblade 260.
• the piece may be pinched against a roller 266 that can act as a fulcrum to throw the piece into a violent tumble.
• Serious sawplate damage is a further adverse effect that frequently occurs when a cut off end is pinched in this fashion.
• a saw 270 made according to the present invention Figure 31

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• 1986
  • 1986-04-21 EP EP19860902736 patent/EP0218699A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1986-04-21 AU AU57704/86A patent/AU584204B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1986-04-21 WO PCT/US1986/000798 patent/WO1986006308A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1986-12-22 FI FI865285A patent/FI865285A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation

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