WO1985004535A1 - Arrangement for the control or regulation of the rotation speed and/or the torque of an induction motor - Google Patents
Arrangement for the control or regulation of the rotation speed and/or the torque of an induction motor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1985004535A1 WO1985004535A1 PCT/EP1985/000144 EP8500144W WO8504535A1 WO 1985004535 A1 WO1985004535 A1 WO 1985004535A1 EP 8500144 W EP8500144 W EP 8500144W WO 8504535 A1 WO8504535 A1 WO 8504535A1
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- Prior art keywords
- control
- arrangement according
- induction motor
- field effect
- voltage
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
- G05F1/32—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices
- G05F1/34—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- G05F1/38—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/0077—Characterised by the use of a particular software algorithm
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement for controlling or regulating the speed and / or the torque of an induction motor, which is connected to an inverter of a DC link converter, the inverter containing a bridge circuit which has controllable electronic switches which diodes are connected in parallel and which are each acted upon by means of a pulse generator of pulsed voltages which are phase-shifted with respect to one another and whose frequency can be optionally changed.
- the voltage and the frequency of the power supply are influenced in such a way that the effective value of the voltage on the motor is proportional to the frequency. With this measure, an approximately constant output torque can be achieved over a wide speed range.
- the frequency of the inverter determines the synchronous speed of the induction motor.
- the invention is based on the object of further developing an arrangement of the type described in the introduction such that, with a simple construction, the induction motor can be operated in a wide speed range with low-noise operation under load with high torques which do not lead to an inadmissibly high heating of the induction motor , with only a little reactive power being withdrawn from the AC or three-phase network.
- the object is solved by the 'in claim 1 be ⁇ measures described. With the measures specified in claim 1, the input voltage of the DC intermediate converter can, for example, be continuously adjusted to desired values. The circuitry outlay in the DC link converter can thereby be kept low.
- the induction motor can be loaded with its nominal torque in the entire speed range.
- the induction motor It is therefore not necessary to make the induction motor larger in view of only one operating condition or for certain operating conditions.
- By adapting the frequency of the inverter and the input voltage of the DC link converter it is possible to operate the induction motor with the same small slip in the entire speed range. This results in only slight losses in the entire speed range, so that engine heating remains within predetermined limits.
- the bearing temperature decreases as the speed decreases.
- the torque can be kept constant over the entire speed range. At lower speeds, it is possible to load the induction motor with a higher torque by setting the transducer accordingly and / or by switching on the contactless switches.
- Appropriate control and section control of the power transistors of the inverter make it possible to achieve a very slight phase shift between the line voltage and the current drawn by the DC link converter.
- the activation and section control of the power transistors can even deliberately cause a capacitive or inductive phase shift of the current drawn by the direct current between the circuit converter in order to compensate for the reactive currents from other consumers connected to the network.
- the efficiency is high in the entire speed range.
- the pulse generator is a microprocessor or microcomputer, each having outputs connected to one of the power transistors and that further outputs to the control inputs of the contactless switches and / or are connected to inputs of a digital / analog converter, the outputs of which are connected to the control winding.
- This embodiment can be easily adjusted to the desired operating conditions and conditions. It is therefore very versatile. No changes in the circuitry structure are necessary for different applications. Due to its versatility, there are higher quantities and thus lower manufacturing costs.
- a clocked DC-DC converter is arranged between the rectifier and the inverter of the DC link converter, which has at least one contactless switch, which is connected with its control input to a clock generator, the Clock frequency is adjustable via the control circuit.
- the DC input voltage of the inverter can be set to a value required for the particular operating case of the induction motor with only one control signal.
- the frequency of the control signal is preferably chosen to be higher than 10 kHz.
- the DC voltage at the input of the inverter is set via the pulse pause / pulse duration ratio of the control signal.
- the arrangement can also be used without a transducer and without the contactless switches in the input circuit, since the capacitors in the DC intermediate circuit already cause reactive current compensation.
- the capacitors arranged in the inverter additionally act as capacitors.
- the switch-on time and the phase position of the switch-on and switch-off times can also be influenced in the sense of a reduction in the reactive currents.
- bridge rectifiers are provided as contactless switches, the DC voltage outputs of which are each connected to the source and drain electrodes of a power field-effect transistor whose control electrode is connected to the control circuit.
- the power traistors are preferably field effect transistors. In this embodiment, short switch-on and switch-off times can be achieved. The inverter can therefore be operated at higher frequencies. There are also lower losses.
- the required input voltage of the inverter as a function of the speed of the induction motor is preferably stored in a table in the control circuit for different load torques.
- the speed and torque of the induction motor can be selected via input elements on the control circuit. This selection defines a DC voltage value in the table.
- the gate or section control is set accordingly, or a pulse pause / pulse duration ratio corresponding to a predetermined clock frequency of the clocked DC voltage DC-DC converter is set.
- the gate and gate angles required for reactive current compensation are stored in a table in the control circuit as a function of the speed of the induction motor. By selecting the speed of the induction motor, the corresponding angle of incidence or section, which compensates for the reactive current of the motor, is determined at the same time.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an arrangement for controlling or regulating the speed and / or the torque of an induction motor
- Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the time profile of control voltages generated by the inverter of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of another embodiment of an arrangement for controlling or regulating the speed and / or the torque of an induction motor
- Fig. 4 shows a diagram of the DC voltage at the input of the inverter shown in FIG. 1 or 3 arrangement shown in
- Fig. 5 shows a diagram of the gating or section angle of the alternating voltages supplied to the rectifier of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 as a function of the frequency applied to the induction motor
- Fig. 6 shows a circuit diagram of a further arrangement for controlling or regulating the speed and / or the torque of an induction motor
- FIG. 7 shows a circuit diagram of a time switching element, which in the arrangement according to FIG. 6 is used
- Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of an actuator for the speed of the induction motor
- Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of an arrangement for adjusting the voltage of the DC link.
- An induction motor 1, e.g. B. a three-phase asynchronous motor is connected with its stator windings 2, 3 »4 to an inverter 5.
- the stator windings 2, 3, 4 are connected in a star.
- the inverter 5 contains six power field effect transistors 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, which are arranged in a bridge circuit.
- a diode 13 is connected in parallel to each field effect transistor 7 to 12. It is a so-called freewheeling diode, with which the voltages caused by the inductance of the induction motor 1 at the field effect transistors during the shutdown are to be kept small.
- the inverter 5 is fed by a rectifier 14, which contains a three-phase bridge circuit (not described in more detail), to the DC voltage outputs of which a resistor 15 and a capacitor 16 are arranged in series.
- the resistor 15 is very low-resistance and has, for example, 0.5 ⁇ •
- the three inputs of the three-phase bridge circuit are each connected to a winding 17, 18, 19 of a transducer 20 which contains a control winding 21.
- the transducer 20 is connected with its windings 17, 18, 19 to a contactless switch 36, 37, 38, respectively.
- the three contactless switches 36, 37, 38 are each connected to a phase R, S, T of a three-phase network.
- the inverter 5 can also be fed by a full-wave rectifier which is connected to an AC voltage network via a single-phase transducer and a contactless switch. In this case, a contactless switch is sufficient to interrupt the current flow in the input circuit of the rectifier.
- the control winding 21 of the transducer 20 is connected to the output of a digital / analog converter 22, the inputs of which are connected to outputs of a microprocessor 23 or microcomputer which is connected to an input circuit 24, the connection of which to the microprocessor can optionally be released.
- the separation can be carried out, for example, if the data in the microprocessor 23 are no longer to be changed from the outside.
- the microprocessor 23 contains six further outputs 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, which are each connected to a control electrode of one of the field effect transistors 7 to 12.
- the connecting lines between the outputs 25 to 30 and the control electrodes of the field effect transistors 7 to 12 are only partially shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of clarity.
- the microprocessor 23 outputs six pulse trains in the form of pulse-width-modulated rectangular pulses at the outputs 25 to 30, each of which has a pulse width of 180, for example, in the start-up phase of the induction motor 1.
- the pulse interval is then also 180.
- the rectangular pulses are each shifted by 60 phases. Rectangular pulses are applied to two field-effect transistors 7, 8 and 9 »10 and 11, 12, respectively, which are 180 degrees out of phase with one another.
- the rectangular pulses of the pairs of field effect transistors 7, 8; 9, 10; 11, 12 are mutually phase-shifted by 120.
- the winding 2 is acted upon by a voltage 31 which corresponds to the voltage shown in FIG. 2 has shown course.
- the voltage 31 is rectangular.
- the windings 3, 4 are acted upon by rectangular voltages 32, 33.
- the voltages 31, 32, 33 each drop on the windings 2, 3, 4.
- the linked voltages between the input connections of the windings 2, 3 or 3, 4 or 2, 4 change depending on the polarity of the voltages between the input and the star point and change every 12,200 times the one in Fig. 2 from 34 and 35 marked curves.
- the contactless switches 36, 37, 38 each have control inputs 39, 40, 41, which are connected to outputs 42, 43, 44 of the microprocessor 23.
- the microprocessor 23 is preferably the type 8748 from Intel Corp. distributed microprocessor.
- the frequency of the inverter 5 and on the other hand the input voltage of the direct current intermediate circuit converter consisting of the rectifier 14 and the inverter 5 are influenced.
- the input voltage of the DC link converter is Dependency on the quantization levels possible with the digital / analog converter 22, that is to say in very fine levels.
- the output voltages at the outputs 25 to 30 are changed by dividing the frequency of a high-frequency clock oscillator, not shown. However, it is not only possible to change the frequency of the rectangular pulses at the outputs 25 to 30, but also the pulse duration-pulse-pause ratio and the phase of the rectangular pulse within one period.
- Control outputs are preferably output via the outputs 25 to 30, which are present for half a period as rectangular signals. Two square-wave signals pending for half a period each result in a period of the AC voltage present on the respective phase winding of the induction motor 1.
- the contactless switches 36, 37, 38 each consist of a bridge rectifier 45, the DC voltage outputs of which are connected to the drain and source electrodes of field effect transistors 46.
- the control electrodes of the field effect transistors 46 are each connected to the control inputs 39, 40, 41.
- the control current in the control winding 21 and the frequency of the rectangular pulses at the outputs 25 to 30 can be changed independently of one another. For certain applications, however, influencing each other is necessary. If, for example, the torque output by induction motor 1 is to be the same at different speeds, then the control current in control winding 21 must be set as a function of the frequency of the rectangular pulses at outputs 25 to 30 such that the voltages at windings 2, 3, 4 are proportional to the frequency. With such a mutual adjustment, the induction motor 1 always has the same slip despite different speeds. This means that approximately the same small losses occur in induction motor 1 at different speeds. The induction motor 1 therefore has a high efficiency regardless of the speed. Furthermore, the induction motor 1 runs particularly quietly.
- the transstructure 20 is therefore suitable for setting the DC voltage at the input of the inverter 5 to desired values by influencing the voltage time area of the voltage supplied to the rectifier 14 accordingly.
- This DC voltage defines the level of the phase voltages of the induction motor 1, which is decisive for the load torque on the induction motor 1 in connection with the respectively predetermined speed.
- the contactless switches 36, 37, 38 convert the AC voltages of the three phases into DC voltages, the switching on and off of which can be carried out quickly and easily by means of a field effect transistor 46, preferably a power mosfet.
- the contactless switches 36, 37, 38 are expediently provided for influencing the phase position of the currents fed in by the network.
- the control inputs 39, 40, 41 are acted upon by rectangular pulses, the beginning of which defines the gate angle and the end of which defines the gate angle.
- the gate and section control of the field effect transistors 46 takes place in synchronism with the frequency of the AC or three-phase network.
- While the voltages applied to the windings 2, 3, 4 are rectangular and can, for example, also comprise several pulses within one pulse period, continuous currents flow in the windings 2, 3, 4.
- the induction motor 1 therefore runs smoothly at the respectively set speed. The high efficiency results in low losses, so that the heating of the induction motor 1 does not exceed the permissible limits in the entire speed range.
- a speed sensor can be connected to the induction motor 1.
- the output voltage of the speed sensor is compared with a speed setpoint, for example in the microprocessor 23, which, according to the control deviation, the frequency of the Rectangular pulses at the outputs 25 to 30 are influenced in the sense of a reduction in the control deviation.
- the arrangement described above can also be used for asynchronous motors of small to medium power.
- the voltage time area of the AC voltage supplied to the rectifier 14 can be influenced such that the DC voltage at the inverter 5 can be set to a desired level even without a transducer 20.
- the arrangement of contactless switches 36, 37, 38 between the rectifier 14 and the phases R, S, T of the network is therefore sufficient.
- the transducer 20 can then be dispensed with.
- a three-phase bridge rectifier 47 is connected directly to the poles R, S, T of the input side
- the output of the bridge rectifier 47 feeds a DC-DC converter 48, which works as a clocked device.
- the DC-DC converter 48 works as a clocked device.
- Route is arranged in series with a choke 50, which is connected to one input of the inverter 5.
- a freewheeling diode 52 is connected to the inductor 50 and the negative output of the rectifier 47.
- the field effect transistor 49 is connected with its control electrode 53 to a clock 54, which is controlled via the outputs 42, 43 of the microprocessor so that its clock frequency and / or its pulse pause / pulse duration ratio is changed as required.
- the in Fig. 3 arrangement can also be connected to the three-phase network via contactless switches 36, 37, 38 if reactive current compensation is required.
- the DC-DC converter 48 changes the DC output voltage, which is fed to the inverter 5, via the frequency and / or the pulse pause / pulse duration ratio of the pulses applied to the control electrode 53.
- the clock frequency and / or the pulse pause / pulse duration ratio determines the DC output voltage, which depends on the speed of the induction motor 1 and on the load torque.
- a portion of the reactive currents of the induction motor 1 is compensated with the capacitor 51.
- a further part of the "reactive currents is compensated for by the transistors 7 to 12 acting as capacitors.
- a gate or section control can also be carried out with the transistors 7 to 12.
- the output DC voltage U_ of the DC voltage is in the form of a table in a memory of the microprocessor 23, not shown DC voltage converter 48 is stored as a function of the speed of the induction motor 1 or the frequency f of the three-phase current applied to the induction motor 1.
- the DC input voltage of the inverter 5 is influenced via the control current in the transducer 20 in accordance with the diagram shown in FIG. 4.
- the arrangements shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 contain the functions shown in FIG. 4 in the form of digital tables.
- the conversion of the DC voltage value obtained from the table into control pulses takes place in the arrangements according to FIGS. 1 and 3 in a form adapted to the transducer 20 or the DC-DC converter 48.
- the diagram according to FIG. 4 is expediently determined empirically for the respective induction motor or the type of motor.
- FIG. 5 shows the leading angle 0C and the leading angle [ ⁇ -5 depending on the speed or frequency of the three-phase current of the induction motor 1.
- the diagrams according to FIG. 5 are stored as a digital table in the microprocessor 23 in the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 .
- the microprocessor 23 In order to fully compensate for the reactive currents, the gating or section angles shown in FIG. 5 are required at the different speeds of the induction motor 1. 5, the microprocessor 23 generates control pulse sequences which are synchronized with the mains frequency and which are fixed to the control inputs 39, 40, 41.
- the diagrams shown in Fig. 5 are empirically recorded for the respective engine type. If motors of higher power are to be fed, the higher currents can be applied to the transistors 7 to 12 by connecting power field effect transistors in parallel. The arrangements shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 can therefore be easily adapted to motors with different powers.
- Transistors 7 to 12 and 49 are preferably MOSFETs.
- the torque of the induction motor 1 can be easily adapted to the moment of the load in the arrangements described above. If, for example, a certain torque is required from the load, the output torque of the induction motor is selected via the DC input voltage of the inverter 5 so that the load current becomes a minimum.
- FIG. 6 shows a further arrangement for controlling or regulating the speed or the torque of an induction motor 1.
- the same elements in the Fig. 1, 3 and 6 are given the same reference numbers.
- the microprocessor of the INTEL 8748 type has data bus outputs 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. These outputs are INTEL's "12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17" Outputs of the microprocessor 8748.
- the corresponding manufacturer designations have been set in embodiment characters in FIG. 6.
- the output 25 is connected to an input of an AND gate 55, the other input of which is connected to the output 28 via an inverting element, which is not described in detail.
- the output 26 is connected to an input of an AND gate 56, the other input of which is connected to the output 29 via an inverting element, which is not described in detail.
- An AND gate 57 is connected with its first input to the output 27 and with its second input to the output 30 via an inverting element, not specified.
- the output 28 feeds an input of an AND gate 58, the second input of which is connected to the output 25 via an inverting element (not shown).
- the output is 29 connected to an input of an AND gate 59, the other input of which is connected to the output 26 via an inverting element, not specified.
- Another AND gate 60 is connected to one input at the output 30 and to the other input via a non-specified inverting element to the output 27.
- the AND gates 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60 feed optocouplers 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 and 66, respectively.
- the optocoupler 61 is connected to the field effect transistor 7 via an amplifier, which is not described in any more detail.
- the optocoupler 64 feeds the field effect transistor 8.
- the optocoupler 62 is connected to the field effect transistor 12 via an amplifier, which is not described in any more detail.
- the optocoupler 65 feeds the field-effect transistor 11 via an amplifier (not shown).
- the field-effect transistor 9 is connected to the optocoupler 63 via an amplifier, not shown.
- the field effect transistor 10 is connected downstream of the optocoupler 66 via an amplifier, which is not described in any more detail.
- the optocouplers 61 to 66 are each connected to the gate electrodes of the field effect transistors mentioned above.
- the optocouplers 61 to 66 achieve a galvanic separation between the microprocessor 23 and the field effect transistors 7 to 12.
- the field effect transistors 7 to 12 are preferably p-channel MIFETs.
- the AND gates 55 to 60 have an important task to perform in conjunction with the inverting gates, which are not described in detail.
- Each of the AND gates 55 to 60 prevents the field effect transistors 7, 8 and 9, 10 and 11, 12, which are arranged in a bridge branch, from being able to be turned on simultaneously. If the two field effect transistors 7, 8 or 9, 10 or 11, 12 lying in a bridge branch are simultaneously conductive, the direct current intermediate circuit is short-circuited, which leads to currents in the respective field effect transistors which are so high that they can be destroyed. If the microprocessor 23 works properly, the values of the binary signals at the outputs 25 to 30 each correspond to the switching states of the field effect transistors 7 to 12.
- a binary "1" at one of the outputs 25 to 30 corresponds to the conductive state of the respective field effect transistor, while a binary "0" determines the non-conductive state of the transistor assigned to the corresponding output.
- a special advantage of the in the Fig. 1, 3 and 6 arrangement can be seen in the fact that the six data bus outputs of the microprocessor 23 can be used without the interposition of complex counting circuits for generating the control signals for the gate electrodes of the field effect transistors.
- a binary "1" is present at each output 25 to 30 for 180 ° of the period and a binary "0" for 180 °.
- the outputs 25 and 28 or 26 and 29 or 27 and 30 each have binary signals which are antivalent to one another. There is a phase shift of 60 between the binary signals at outputs 25, 27 and 29. In the same way are the binary ones . Signals at outputs 26, 28 and 30 are shifted by 60 in relation to one another.
- connections "21" to “24” and “35” to “38” of the microprocessor 8748 are connected to inputs of a digital-to-analog converter 67, the analog output of which is connected to a clock generator 70 via an impedance converter 68 and an integration amplifier 69, which is preferably a type SE 556 circuit which is connected to external resistors and capacitors, not shown.
- a differential amplifier 71 is connected to the output of the clock generator 70 and is connected with its other input to a potentiometer 72 which is fed by a transformer 73 which is arranged in the direct current intermediate circuit.
- the differential amplifier 71 is connected to the gate electrode of the field effect transistor 49 via an amplifier (not shown) and an optocoupler 75 and a further amplifier (not shown), which is also expediently a p-channel MISFET.
- the optocoupler 75 brings about a complete separation between the control circuits with the microprocessor 23 as an essential component and the circuits which are subjected to higher voltages.
- the field effect transistor 49 is with the Transformer 73, the inductor 50, the capacitor 51, the opto-coupler 75, the potentiometer 72, the differential amplifier 71 and the amplifiers (not designated) form part of a control circuit, the setpoint of which is generated by the clock generator 70 which is connected to the microprocessor 23 in Reference is made to the pulse duration of an oscillation, which is also generated in the clock generator 70.
- the connections "17" and “39" of the microprocessor 23 of the Type 8748 are connected to a timer 74 which is triggered when the pulse occurs at the "Strobe" output “10" and the input "39 after an adjustable period of time "acted upon with a signal which controls the internal event counter in the microprocessor 23.
- the time which can be set manually, for example by means of a potentiometer 6 in the timer 74, determines the frequency at the outputs of the inverter 5.
- the microprocessor 23 uses the internal event counter to determine the time duration specified via the timer 74. It is not necessary that the frequency coincides with the time period set in the timer 74. By multiplication or division with the aid of the program, another dependency of the frequency of the inverter 5 on the time period set in the timer 74 can also be achieved.
- connections "33" and “31” are each connected to a thermostat and a torque sensor. As a result, the inverter 5 can be switched off via the microprocessor 23 if the induction smotor 1 overheats and if the load torque is too high.
- the connections "18" and “19” of the microprocessor 23 are each connected to a display element 77 and 76.
- the display elements 76, 77 can be arranged remote from the induction motor 1. They each show the operating status.
- a glow tube 78 is connected in parallel to the drain-source path of each field effect transistor 7 to 12.
- the glow tubes 78 serve as readiness and operating indicators for the field effect transistors 7 to 12. If one of the field effect transistors 7 to 12 is permanent is destroyed, this can be determined by the display of the corresponding glow tube 78.
- the glow tubes 78 are only shown in FIG. 1 for reasons of clarity.
- FIG. 7 shows in detail a timer 74, as is preferred in the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 6 is used.
- Precision timers of type SE 556 are used, of which two timers are arranged in one chip.
- the timers are labeled 79, 80 in FIG. 7.
- the first timer 79 defines a maximum speed. This speed can be reduced by adding the time period specified with the timer 80 via an adjusting member.
- the two timing elements 79 and 80 are each connected to external RC elements which determine the response time. Via the "strobe" output "10" of the microprocessor 23, the trigger input of the timing element 79 is acted upon with a pulse, which causes a flip-flop to be set in the timing element.
- the output signal of the timer is switched to a high level, which causes a capacitor 81 to charge, which is arranged between the one pole 82 of the operating voltage source in series with a resistor (not specified) and the other pole 83 of the operating voltage source is.
- the internal flip-flop of the timing element 79 is reset via a threshold value input connected to the capacitor 81, as a result of which the capacitor 81 discharges.
- the base of a transistor 84 is connected via a resistor, which is not described in any more detail and is arranged in series with a resistor 85 in the collector circuit between the poles 82 and 83.
- the collector of the transistor 84 is connected to the trigger input of the timing element 80, the output of which is connected to the input "39" of the microprocessor 23 via an amplifier stage containing a transistor 86.
- the timer 80 is connected to a capacitor 87 which is connected to an adjusting element 88 which, for. B. contains an adjustable potentiometer, which is arranged in series with the parallel connection of resistors with a potentiometer and is connected to the pole 82.
- the speed range for the induction motor 1 can be specified by adjusting the two potentiometers (not shown in more detail).
- the setting member 88 can also be designed as a remotely controllable element, as shown in FIG. 8.
- a voltage is applied to an input 89 of the adjusting element 88.
- the input 89 is connected via an unspecified resistor to an input of a differential amplifier 90, the other input of which is connected to ground potential via an unspecified resistor.
- the differential amplifier 90 is connected to an input of a further differential amplifier 91, the second input of which can optionally be supplied with a potential between a positive and negative value via a resistor combination containing a potentiometer 92.
- the output of the differential amplifier 91 feeds a totem pole circuit 93, which is arranged between a positive and negative potential.
- the output of the totem pole circuit 93 of two bipolar transistors (not designated in more detail) is connected via a resistor 96 to the capacitor 87 to an impedance converter 94 and via a resistor 95 to the input of the differential amplifier 91.
- the impedance converter 94 is connected via a resistor 97 to the input of the differential amplifier 90.
- the charging of the capacitor 87 is controlled via the resistor 96 with a positive or negative voltage.
- the level of the charging voltage is set via the potentiometer 92.
- a voltage can be applied via the input 89, with which the charging voltage at the capacitor 87 can be set in the sense of a desired speed.
- FIG. 9 shows the integration amplifier 69, which modulates the pulse duration of the clock generator 70, which contains a module of the type SE 556, which is available from Signetics or Texas Instruments.
- the connections “8" and “4" of the SE 556 block are each connected to the operating voltage and ground potential.
- the connection “7” is fed by the output of the integration amplifier 69, which contains a differential amplifier 99, the inverting input of which is connected to the connection "1" of the SE 556 module.
- the output “5" of the SE 556 module is connected to the connection via a capacitor 100 "4" placed.
- the threshold value connection “2" is connected to ground via a potentiometer 101.
- the “trigger” connection “6” is connected to the tap of a voltage divider consisting of two resistors 102, 103, which is arranged between the operating voltage and ground. Another resistor 104 is arranged between the operating voltage and the output "5".
- the integration amplifier 69 integrates the output voltage of the digital-to-analog converter 67 up to a threshold which is set in the SE 556 module. When the threshold is reached, the capacitor 98 in the feedback branch of the differential amplifier 99 is discharged via the SE 556 module. A new charging cycle then begins. The charging and discharging times determine the pulse duration-pulse pause ratio of the clock pulses.
- the voltage at the load for example the induction motor 1, is closely linked to the frequency at the output of the inverter 5 in the converters described above.
- the frequency is supplied to the switching elements of the inverter 5, while at the same time a voltage assigned to the respective frequency is supplied by the microprocessor 23 to the AC controllers in the input circuit or to a DC controller in the DC link.
- a DC voltage of 70 volts is generated at the input of the inverter 5 at a frequency of 10 Hz at the output of the inverter 5.
- the torque curves for the induction motor 1 can have a desired dependence on the frequency.
- a quadratic falling, quadratic increasing or linear dependency can be set via a corresponding table in the memory of the microprocessor 23.
- the conductive phases of the field effect transistors 7 to 12 can be assigned voltages of different sizes. This means that the stator windings 2, 3, 4 are not subjected to the same voltages, but rather each with different voltages.
- an elliptical rotating field is therefore not generated, but a circular one. This can reduce the noise caused by the induction motor 1 via pumps in pipelines. It is assumed that such an elliptical rotating field makes it difficult or impossible to excite resonance vibrations in the pipeline system by means of correspondingly assigned slight fluctuations in the respective rotational speed.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP3412205.2 | 1984-04-02 | ||
DE19843412205 DE3412205A1 (en) | 1984-04-02 | 1984-04-02 | ARRANGEMENT FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING THE SPEED AND / OR TORQUE OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1985004535A1 true WO1985004535A1 (en) | 1985-10-10 |
Family
ID=6232345
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1985/000144 WO1985004535A1 (en) | 1984-04-02 | 1985-04-02 | Arrangement for the control or regulation of the rotation speed and/or the torque of an induction motor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0177525A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4158285A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3412205A1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO854750L (en) |
WO (1) | WO1985004535A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH289499A (en) * | 1950-02-22 | 1953-03-15 | Asea Ab | Arrangement for speed control of an asynchronous motor. |
DE3044154A1 (en) * | 1980-11-24 | 1982-07-01 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Motor regulating system using microcomputer - uses phase angle and pulse width signals for fine and coarse control in computing system |
GB2102641A (en) * | 1981-07-28 | 1983-02-02 | Lee Electric | Power supply for arc lamps |
DE3203565A1 (en) * | 1982-02-03 | 1983-08-25 | Berthold 7292 Baiersbronn Frey | Drive unit with a converter and three-phase motor |
DE3232918A1 (en) * | 1982-09-04 | 1984-03-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Bridge circuit |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3798531A (en) * | 1972-06-05 | 1974-03-19 | Instrumentation Specialties Co | Switching-mode power supply |
US4409534A (en) * | 1980-04-09 | 1983-10-11 | General Electric Company | Microcomputer-based pulse width modulated inverter fed machine drive system |
US4427933A (en) * | 1981-10-30 | 1984-01-24 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Load commutated inverter gating control system and motor drive with such control system |
-
1984
- 1984-04-02 DE DE19843412205 patent/DE3412205A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1985
- 1985-04-02 WO PCT/EP1985/000144 patent/WO1985004535A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-04-02 EP EP85901441A patent/EP0177525A1/en active Pending
- 1985-04-02 AU AU41582/85A patent/AU4158285A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1985-11-27 NO NO854750A patent/NO854750L/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH289499A (en) * | 1950-02-22 | 1953-03-15 | Asea Ab | Arrangement for speed control of an asynchronous motor. |
DE3044154A1 (en) * | 1980-11-24 | 1982-07-01 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Motor regulating system using microcomputer - uses phase angle and pulse width signals for fine and coarse control in computing system |
GB2102641A (en) * | 1981-07-28 | 1983-02-02 | Lee Electric | Power supply for arc lamps |
DE3203565A1 (en) * | 1982-02-03 | 1983-08-25 | Berthold 7292 Baiersbronn Frey | Drive unit with a converter and three-phase motor |
DE3232918A1 (en) * | 1982-09-04 | 1984-03-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Bridge circuit |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Proceedings of the First European Conference on Electrical Drives/Motors/Controls 82, 29 June - 1 July 1982, R.M. DAVIS: 'Inventer-Fed Induction Machines', pages 65-75 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU4158285A (en) | 1985-11-01 |
EP0177525A1 (en) | 1986-04-16 |
DE3412205A1 (en) | 1985-10-10 |
NO854750L (en) | 1985-11-27 |
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